Fungos associados ao declínio da videira no Nordeste do Brasil.

Suplemento. Edição dos Resumos do 44 Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, Bento Gonçalves, ago. 2011

Distribución y diagnóstico de nematodos fitoparásitos en especies frutales de hueso en España

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Congreso Nacional Ciencias Hortícolas, celebrado en Córdoba (España) del 17 al 22 de octubre de 2021.Los patrones de las especies frutales de hueso, especies del género Prunus e híbridos entre ellas, constituyen una herramienta fundamental para el cultivo en condiciones edáficas o climáticas adversas y la presencia de agentes fitopatógenos residentes en el suelo. Entre estos últimos, los nematodos fitoparásitos son en la actualidad un factor limitante para el desarrollo de estos cultivos, y en especial, algunas especies de nematodos noduladores de raíces (Meloidogyne spp.) así como lesionadores de raíces (Pratylenchus spp.). Algunos de los patrones de Prunus más utilizados son inmunes y/o resistentes a la presencia de algunas especies de nematodos noduladores de las raíces. Sin embargo, la presencia de especies de Meloidogyne a las que no presentan resistencia o la presencia de altos niveles de otros nematodos fitoparásitos pueden suponer un elevado riesgo para el establecimiento y mantenimiento de plantaciones rentables. En este trabajo se han prospectado las principales zonas productoras de especies frutales de hueso en España, incluyendo los valles del Guadalquivir, Ebro y Júcar-Segura. El diagnóstico nematológico reveló la presencia de las principales especies de nematodos noduladores tales como M. incognita, M. javanica y M. arenaria. Además, se ha confirmado la presencia de Pratylenchus vulnus y P. penetrans, ambos patogénicos en plantaciones de Prunus. Asimismo, se han detectado elevados niveles de otros nematodos fitoparásitos como Criconemoides xenoplax, Helicotylenchus digonicus, H. microlobus, Paratylenchus hamatus, P. tenuicaudatus y Xiphinema pachtaicum .Proyecto RTI2018-095925-A-I00 del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidade

Evaluation of vineyard weeds as potential hosts of black-foot and petri disease pathogens

Weeds were sampled in grapevine rootstock mother fields, open-root field nurseries, and commercial vineyards of Albacete, Alicante, Castellón, Murcia, and Valencia provinces in Spain between June 2009 and June 2010 and evaluated as potential hosts of black-foot and Petri disease pathogens. Isolations were conducted in the root system and internal xylem tissues for black-foot and Petri disease pathogens, respectively. Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum was successfully isolated from the roots of 15 of 19 weed families evaluated and 26 of 52 weed species. Regarding Petri disease pathogens, one isolate of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora was obtained from Convolvulus arvensis, and three isolates of Cadophora luteo-olivacea were obtained from Bidens subalternans, Plantago coronopus, and Sonchus oleraceus. Pathogenicity tests showed that Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum isolates obtained from weeds were able to induce typical black-foot disease symptoms. When inoculated in grapevines, isolates of Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were also shown to be pathogenic on grapevine cuttings. Our ability to recover grapevine pathogens from vineyard weeds and to demonstrate pathogenicity of recovered strains on grape suggests that these weeds may serve as a source of inoculum for infection of grapevine. © 2011 The American Phytopathological Society

First report of damping-off caused by Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum on Pinus radiata in Spain

Agusti Brisach, C.; Pérez Sierra, AM.; García-Figueres, F.; Montón, C.; Armengol Fortí, J. (2011). First report of damping-off caused by Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum on Pinus radiata in Spain. Plant disease. 98(7). doi:10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0125S87498

Diversity of colletotrichum species associated with olive anthracnose worldwide

Olive anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species causes dramatic losses of fruit yield and oil quality worldwide. A total of 185 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from olives and other hosts showing anthracnose symptoms in Spain and other olive-growing countries over the world were characterized. Colony and conidial morphology, benomyl-sensitive, and casein-hydrolysis activity were recorded. Multilocus alignments of ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS3, and/or GAPDH were conducted for their molecular identification. The pathogenicity of the most representative Colletotrichum species was tested to olive fruits and to other hosts, such as almonds, apples, oleander, sweet oranges, and strawberries. In general, the phenotypic characters recorded were not useful to identify all species, although they allowed the separation of some species or species complexes. ITS and TUB2 were enough to infer Colletotrichum species within C. acutatum and C. boninense complexes, whereas ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS-3, and GADPH regions were necessary to discriminate within the C. gloesporioides complex. Twelve Colletotrichum species belonging to C. acutatum, C. boninense, and C. gloeosporioides complexes were identified, with C. godetiae being dominant in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Tunisia, C. nymphaeae in Portugal, and C. fioriniae in California. The highest diversity with eight Colletotrichum spp. was found in Australia. Significant differences in virulence to olives were observed between isolates depending on the Colletotrichum species and host origin. When other hosts were inoculated, most of the Colletotrichum isolates tested were pathogenic in all the hosts evaluated, except for C. siamense to apple and sweet orange fruits, and C. godetiae to oleander leaves

Multilocus ISSR markers reveal two major genetic groups in Spanish and South African populations of the grapevine fungal pathogen cadophora luteo-olivacea

Cadophora luteo-olivacea is a lesser-known fungal trunk pathogen of grapevine which has been recently isolated from vines showing decline symptoms in grape growing regions worldwide. In this study, 80 C. luteo-olivacea isolates (65 from Spain and 15 from South Africa) were studied. Inter-simple-sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) generated 55 polymorphic loci from four ISSR primers selected from an initial screen of 13 ISSR primers. The ISSR markers revealed 40 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in the global population. Minimum spanning network analysis showed that the MLGs from South Africa clustered around the most frequent genotype, while the genotypes from Spain were distributed all across the network. Principal component analysis and dendrograms based on genetic distance and bootstrapping identified two highly differentiated genetic clusters in the Spanish and South African C. luteo-olivacea populations, with no intermediate genotypes between these clusters. Movement within the Spanish provinces may have occurred repeatedly given the frequent retrieval of the same genotype in distant locations. The results obtained in this study provide new insights into the population genetic structure of C. luteo-olivacea in Spain and highlights the need to produce healthy and quality planting material in grapevine nurseries to avoid the spread of this fungus throughout different grape growing regions. © 2014 Gramaje et al

Detection of black-foot and Petri disease pathogens in soils of grapevine nurseries and vineyards using bait plants

[EN] Little information is currently available regarding the number of species of black-foot and Petri disease pathogens present in soil and their capacity to infect grapevine roots and reach the xylem vessels. Seedlings of grapevine rootstock 41-B, and cvs. Bobal and Palomino were planted both in pots containing soil samples collected from commercial vineyards and in nursery fields. Roots and xylem vessels were later analyzed for fungal isolation. Black-foot pathogens: Ilyonectria alcacerensis, I. macrodidyma, I. novozelandica and I. torresensis were frequently isolated from roots of seedlings grown in all soils evaluated, whereas Petri disease pathogens: Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Pm. parasiticum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were only isolated from xylem vessels of seedlings grown in nursery soils, with a low incidence. Ilyonectria alcacerensis, I. novozelandica and I. torresensis were isolated for the first time from grapevines in Spain, and Pm. parasiticum and Ca. luteo-olivacea were detected for the first time in nursery soils. Our results confirm nursery and vineyard soils as an important inoculum source for black-foot pathogens and demonstrate the presence of several Petri disease pathogens in nursery soils.This research was financially supported by the Project RTA2010-00009-C03-03 (Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). We acknowledge J. M. De la Cruz-Gento, V. Garrigues, P. Lopez-Soriano and V. Palacios for technical assistance, and Dr. B. B. Landa for critically reading the manuscript and making valuable suggestions.Agustí Brisach, C.; Gramaje, D.; García Jiménez, J.; Armengol Fortí, J. (2013). 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