Oviposition behavior and foliar consumption of Chrysodeixis includes (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean genotypes

ABSTRACT: The use of plant resistance acts by intervening in the herbivore-host relationship, through morphological, physical or chemical factors of the plant. This study evaluated the oviposition and foliar consumption of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker [1858]) in soybean genotypes, in free- and no-choice tests, correlating them with the factors, density and size of trichomes. The experiments were carried out in laboratory (25 ± 2 °C; RH= 70 ± 10%; photoperiod 14h) using five cultivars (BRS 391, BRS 6203 RR, BMX Valente RR, Tec Irga 6070 RR, BMX Icone Ipro) and two isolines (PELBR 10-6000 and PELBR 10-6049). The trichomes reported were filiform tectors and claviform multicellular glandular. The density of glandular trichomes, in stages V2 and V5, was higher on BRS 6203 RR and BRS 391, respectively. The higher density of glandular trichomes was observed in V5 and a higher density of tector trichomes in V2. The lowest densities and the smallest sizes of trichomes in V2 and V5 stages was observed on PELBR 10-6049. The size of tector trichomes and the number of eggs did not differ among the cultivars. Foliar consumption was lower for on BMX Icone Ipro and Tec Irga 6070 RR. Trichome density influences the consumption and oviposition behavior of C. includens

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Description of a new species of Laelaspis Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Brazil, with a key to the species of the Western Hemisphere

Duarte, Adriane Da Fonseca, Rueda-Ramírez, Diana, Cunha, Uemerson Silva Da, Moreira, Grazielle Furtado (2022): Description of a new species of Laelaspis Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Brazil, with a key to the species of the Western Hemisphere. Zootaxa 5133 (4): 567-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5133.4.

DEVELOPMENT OF Tetranychus urticae KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) IN DIFFERENT STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS

ABSTRACT Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is considered the main pest in strawberry crop. The control of this species is hampered by the low efficiency of products currently used, occurrence of populations resistant to acaricides and high reproductive potential of this pest. This leads to the use of pesticides and increased agrochemical residues in fruits. The use of resistant cultivars is considered the ideal control method because they maintain mite populations below levels of economic damage, minimize the environmental impact of pesticides at no extra cost to the farmer, and serve as an auxiliary tool in integrated pest management. In this sense, this study evaluated the resistance of strawberry cultivars to T. urticae by studying the development of its biological aspects. Comparative biology experiments and non-preference tests for feeding and oviposition for spider mite were carried out in 16 strawberry cultivars under laboratory conditions. Based on results, it was found that Camarosa, Florida Festival, IAC Campinas and Sabrosa strawberry cultivars indicated the possibility of antibiosis type resistance to spider mite, influencing the preference to food, development and oviposition, indicating the existence of differentiated reaction in population development among cultivars

FIGURES 6 – 13. Cosmolaelaps pampaensis, female. 6 in Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from southern Brazil, with a new record of a heteromorphic male, description of a new species, and a key to the species reported from that country

FIGURES 6 – 13. Cosmolaelaps pampaensis, female. 6. dorsal idiosoma; 7. peritreme; 8. ventral idiosoma; 9. spermatheca; 10. epistome; 11. hypostome; 12. chelicera; 13. leg IV