KEDUDUKAN DEPONERING SEBAGAI MANIFESTASI ASAS OPORTUNITAS DALAM PERKARA PIDANA

Wewenang Jaksa Agung untuk mengesampingkan perkara demi kepentingan umum sebenarnya sudah dimiliki Jaksa Agung sejak sebelum adanya undang-undang yang mengatur wewenang tersebut. Hingga kemudian dinyatakan secara eksplisit pada tahun 1961 dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 1961 Tentang Ketentuan-Ketentuan Pokok Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia, yang dilanjutkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1991 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia, dan terakhir diatur dalam pasal 35 huruf c Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia, yang menyebutkan bahwa Jaksa Agung mempunyai tugas dan wewenang salah satunya adalah mengesampingkan perkara demi kepentingan umum. Penyampingan perkara merupakan suatu cara dimana tidak perlu (menghukum) seseorang yang bersalah walaupun orang tersebut telah terbukti bersalah atas dasar asas oportunitas yang yang berlaku pada yurisdiksi kejaksaan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimanakah pengaturan asas oportunitas dalam KUHAP dan Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia? (2) Apakah yang menjadi batasan dari “demi kepentingan umum” untuk dilakukannya penyampingan perkara (deponering) oleh Kejaksaan sebagai penuntut dalam perkara pidana. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis Normatif. Tipe penelitiannya adalah deskriptif. Sumber data adalah data primer dan didukung dengan data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis dapat simpulkan pertama, Undang-Undang Kejaksaan mengatur asas oportunitas di dalam beberapa Pasal yaitu : Pasal 1 ayat (1), ayat (2); Pasal 30 ayat (1) huruf a dan huruf b; Pasal 35 huruf c. Hanya Jaksa Agung yang berwenang mengesampingkan perkara demi kepentingan umum. Lalu kepentingan umum diartikan terlalu sempit pula yaitu kepentingan negara dan masyarakat. Hal inilah yang menjadi pertimbangan penentu boleh tidaknya perkara pidana dikesampingkan, sehingga dalam praktek jarang dilakukan, karena di Indonesia lebih mementingkan kebijakan yang berkembang. Kedua, Pemaknaan kepentingan bangsa dan negara atau kepentingan masyarakat luas sebagai perwujudan kepentingan umum diserahkan sepenuhnya kepada Jaksa Agung dengan tetap berpegang pada amanah Undang-Undang Kejaksaan yaitu harus memperhatikan saran dan pendapat dari badan-badan kekuasaan negara yang mempunyai hubungan dengan masalah yang akan dideponering tersebut. Atas hal tesebut maka dalam pemberian deponering harus cermat, jangan sampai terjadi tumpang tindih di dalam terhadap kepentingan elite. Kata Kunci: Deponering, Asas Oportunitas, Kejaksaa

SOSOK DAN RANAH IJTIHAD

Ijtihad dapat dikatakan sebagai mesin penggerak dinamika hukum Islam dalam menyelesaikan fenomena hukum yang muncul sepanjang sejarah kehidupan manusia di bumi ini.Kegiatan ijtihad dapat dilakukan secara kolektif (ijtihad jamma'y) dan personal (ijtihad fardy) dengan pendekatan bayani maupun ra’yi.Ijtihad merupakan sarana yang paling efektif untuk mendukung tetap tegak dan eksisnya hukum Islam serta menjadikannya sebagai tatanan hidup yang up to date yang sanggup menjawab tantangan zaman (shalihun li kulli zaman wa makan). Melakukan ijtihad bagi seorang mujtahid merupakan kewajiban yang dapat melahirkan produk hukum taklifiyyah dan wadh'iyyah pada ranah zanni.Ijtihad baru akan berfungsi dan berdayaguna jika ijtihad dilakukan oleh para ahlinya (mereka yang memenuhi persyaratan dan dilakukan pada tempatnya sesuai dengan ketentuan yang telah diakui kebenaran dan kesalahannya).Mujtahid disyaratkan memiliki pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah dalam berbagai aspeknya, tarekh tasyri', memahami masalah yang sudah disepakati ulama, memahami bahasa Arab, dan mengetahui ushul fiqh dan lainnya.Ijtihad akan membawa keselamatan kejayaan bagi Islam dan umatnya, apabila hal itu dilakukan oleh yang memenuhi persyaratan dan dilakukan pada ranah diluar nash yang qath,i.Mujtahid secara sederhana dapat dibedakan pada mujtahid mutlaq dan mujtahid muntasib.Namun didalam perkembangannya dapat diturunkan kepada berbagai level seperti; mujtahid muthlaq ghairu mustaqil, mujtahid filmazhab, mujtahid tarjih dan mujtahid fatwa.Fatwa adalah pendapat hukum yang diberikan oleh seorang ulama (faqih) kepada seseorang atau masyarakat yang mengajukan pertanyaan menyangkut hukum kasus yang sedang dialaminya tanpa mengikat.Fatwa sering sekali dipadankan dengan terma fiqhi, dan hukum Islam. Fikih dan Fatwa memang sama-sama produk yang dilahirkan melalui instrumen (mesin) ijtihad, namun fatwa memiliki substansi yang tidak dimiliki fiqhi, dan hukum. Satu hal yang menjadi karakter fatwa adalah bahwa ia bersifat kasuistik sementara yang lain adalah normatif. Dengan demikian Ijtihad dapat dijadikan alat untuk menjawab masalah-masalah yang semakin komplit dari waktu ke waktu baik dalam bentuk reaktualisasi, ataupun aktualisasi hukum Islam.Untuk menggalakkan ijtihad guna menjadikan hukum Islam ini dinamis dan lincah perlu digalakkan studi fiqih perbandingan dan ushul fiqih perbandingan di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam, khususnya pergurua

Compound Preposition of Minangkabau Language

Some Minangkabau prepositions have high ability of combining with each other, they are: (a) bak ‘like’, (b) cando ‘like’,  (c) dari ‘from’, (d) daripado ‘than’,  (e) dek ‘ because, at, by, (f) di ‘at’ (g) jo‘with’, (h) kacuali ‘except’, and (i) kapado ‘to’ (j)  sampai ‘until’. There are 2 categories of compound prepositions. Fisrt, some of the compound prepositions are the combination of two prepositions that have same meaning (synonym). One of the compound synonym prepositions can be deleted in their structure environment by using ellipsis technique and the deletion does not disturb the compound meaning. Second, the combination of two or more than two prepositions that have different meaning. Ellipsis cannot be applied to these compound prepositions

Address Form in Tiong Pa Creole:An Intercultural Communication Between Chinese and Minangkabau Language

Tiong Pa is an abbreviation of  Chinese people in Padang (read the book of Tiong Pa Ethnic in Padang: A Sociolinguistics Perspective written by Aditiawarman, 2005). The  language is constructed by elements of the Chinese, Minangkabau, and Indonesian language.The phenomenon of the language formation is caused by communication across cultures engage in continuous communication within long time interaction. One of the communication impact across cultures can be seen among the language community. Communication across cultures influence the language elements such as the address used by Tiong Pa ethnic in Padang

The Effect Between Transverse Abdominis Plane Block And Quadratus Lumborum Block On Endorphin Beta Levels And Pain Scales In Post Cesarean Section Patients

Background: Cesarean section is a surgical procedure that is often performed in labor and causes moderate to severe pain for 48 hours postoperatively. The provision of local anesthesia drugs post-cesarean section can be given by the Transverse Abdominis Plane (TAP) block and Quadratus Lumborum (QL) block. This study was to determine the effect of analgesia between the Transverse Abdominis Plane block and Quadratus Lumborum block on the scale of post-cesarean section pain and level of the beta-endorphin post-operative cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods: An experimental randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 30 pregnant women aged 18-45 years post-cesarean section who were treated electively with ASA I - II and anesthesia under spinal anesthesia. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were treated by dividing three groups randomly through the computer. In group A, control and Transverse Abdominis Plane Block are given; group B, given control and Quadratus Lumborum Block; and group C, given control (ketorolac and tramadol). Furthermore, it was recorded and measured the level of beta-endorphin, and the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) pain scale postoperatively and 6 hours postoperatively. Data collected then analyzed by SPSS’s computer program. Results: The effect of QL block administration helps relieve the WBFS pain scale by five times and decreases beta-endorphin level by 0.2 times compared to TAP block administration. The effect of QL block administration helped relieve the WBFS pain scale by 13.5 times and decreased beta-endorphin level by 5.4 times compared to standard therapy. The effect of TAP block administration helps to reduce the WBFS pain scale by 7.4 times and to reduce beta-endorphin level by 5.1 times compared to standard therapy. Conclusion: QL block relieves the WBFS pain scale and decreases the beta-endorphin level better than the TAP block. Keywords: Cesarean section, post-operative pain, beta-endorphin, Quadratus Lumborum block, Transversus Abdominis Plane bloc

The Effect Of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Slow Deep Breathing Combinations on Sleep Quality of Pregnant Women

Several studies suggest that poor sleep quality has an impact on both the mother and the fetus. Providing relaxation exercises in the form of progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing can be a non-pharmacological effort to improve sleep quality in pregnant women. This study aims to analyze the effect of a combination of progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing in pregnant women of third trimester. This research method is pre-experimental designs with a pretest-posttest control group design. The number of samples was 24 pregnant women trimester III with the sampling technique using consecutive sampling. The independent variable is the provision of progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing exercises which are carried out for 3 times on a week over a period of 3 weeks. The dependent variable is sleep quality which is measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results showed a decrease in the mean value in the direction of improved sleep quality by a difference of 4.5 in the experimental group. Whereas in the control group there was an increase in the value which led to a deteriorating sleep quality by a difference of 1.42. The test results showed a difference in the pretest and posttest of the two groups p = 0.000 (p <0.05). These data indicate that there is an effect of a combination of progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing on the sleep quality pregnant women of third trimester.

The Beneficience of Family Social Support Toward Anticipatory Behaviour of Pregnancies Sign\u27s Alert in Primigravida

Introduction: Complication in pregnancy can be endangering both mother and fetus. Pregnant woman and her family must be able to recognize risk factors of the complication. Family support make pregnant woman feel more confident, happy and ready to face her pregnancy. The aimed of this study was to learn the influences of social family support toward anticipatory behavior of pregnancies sign\u27s alert in primigravida. Method: A quasy experimental purposive sampling design was used in this study. There were 20 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into 2 groups, intervention and control groups, each comprising 10 respondents. The independent variable in this study was social family support and the dependent variable was the anticipatory behavior of pregnancies sign\u27s alert in primigravida. Data were collected by using questionnaire, observation and structured interview and then analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test with significance level α≤0.05. Result: The result showed that the social family support influencing the knowledge of pregnant woman with significant level p=0.011, social family support also influencing the attitude of pregnant woman with significant level p=0.008 and the action of pregnant woman p=0.017. There were difference knowledge, attitude and action between intervention and control groups after treatment with significant level p=0.000 for knowledge, p=0.015 for attitude and p=0.002 for action. Discussion: It can be concluded that social family support influence anticipatory behavior (knowledge, attitude and action) of pregnancies sign\u27s alert in primigravida. Further studies should be concern to the other factors that influencing the anticipatory behavior of pregnancies sign\u27s alert in primigravida, both of internal and external factors

STUDY OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ENZYME AND ISOPROSTANE ON PREECLAMPSIA WITH NIFEDIPINE, METHYLDOPA, AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE THERAPY

Objective: The objective of this research is to measure erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity and isoprostane andto correlate enzyme activity of G6PD with proteinuria and isoprostane in pregnant with proteinuria after the administration of nifedipine, methyldopa,and magnesium sulfate.Methods: This cross-sectional study was held in Soewandi Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This study used total sampling as much as 30pregnant women with proteinuria who got nifedipine, methyldopa, and magnesium sulfate administration, age ranged from 17 to 48 years during theirthird trimester (>20 weeks). G6PD enzyme activity was measured from plasma by spectrophotometric method; plasma isoprostane was measuredby competitive-ELISA method; and proteinuria urine spot was analyzed by urine dipstick from standardized laboratory of the hospital. Statisticalanalysis used in this study was Spearman’s correlation coefficient.Results: In this research, the effect of proteinuria +1 (OR=0.056) is lower than proteinuria +3 level on the presence of high G6PD enzyme activity,and proteinuria +2 (OR=0.933) is lower than proteinuria +3 level on the presence of high G6PD enzyme activity in pregnant women with proteinuria.G6PD enzyme was positively correlated (p=0.08) with proteinuria, and the connection was statistically significant. There was no significant statisticcorrelation between G6PD enzyme activity and isoprostane concentration (p=0.797).Conclusion: This study found correlations between the enzyme activity of G6PD and proteinuria as the marker of renal damage in pre-eclampsia (PE)with the administration of nifedipine, methyldopa, and magnesium sulfate. However, it had no correlation with isoprostane as the marker of oxidativestress. This study suggests that there should be a concern about understanding the pathophysiology of proteinuria for possibility of drug target forindividuals with PE

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI UNDERPRICINGPERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERBANKAN DAN KEUANGAN YANG MELAKUKAN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING TAHUN 2004-2013 DI BURSAEFEK

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bursa Efek Indonesia tepatnya di Pusat Informasi Pasar Modal (PIPM) Pekanbaru Jl. Jend.Sudirman No. 73 (Sudirman Bawah) Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Umur Perusahaan, Besaran Perusahaan, Reputasi Auditor, Reputasi Penjamin Emisi, Return On Invesment (ROI), Financial Leverage terhadap Underpricing pada perusahaan sektor perbankan dan keuangan uang melakukan initial public offering tahun 2004-2013 di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 perusahaan. Pemilihan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 27 sampel., Umur Perusahaan, Besaran Perusahaan, Reputasi Auditor, Reputasi Penjamin Emisi, Return On Invesment (ROI), Financial Leverage sebagai variable dependen sedangkan Underpricing sebagai variable independennya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 16.00 dengan persamaan regresi Y=27,664 – 0,019X1 – 2,069E-13X2 - 25.556X3 + 13,593X4 - 0,743X5 + 0,019X6 + ∈ Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan program SPSS menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial (Uji T) hanya Reputasi Auditor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap underpricing, sedangkan Umur Perusahaan, Besaran Perusahaan, Reputasi Penjamin Emisi, Return On Invesment (ROI), dan Financial Leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap underpricing. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan thitung (-2,545) > ttabel (1,721) untuk Reputasi Auditor. Demikian juga secara simultan (Uji F) diperoleh hasil bahwa Reputasi Auditor, Umur Perusahaan, Besaran Perusahaan, Reputasi Penjamin Emisi, Return On Invesment (ROI), dan Financial Leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap underpricing yang dibuktikan dengan Fhitung < Ftabel yaitu 1,655 < 2,685. Selanjutnya diperoleh nilai R Square sebesar 0,332. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variable Reputasi Auditor, Umur Perusahaan, Besaran Perusahaan, Reputasi Penjamin Emisi, Return On Invesment (ROI), dan Financial Leverage memberikan pengaruh sebesar 33,2% terhadap tingkat underpricing pada perusahaan yang melakukan initial public offering (IPO). Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 66,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Reputasi Auditor, murPerusahaan,U BesaranPerusahaan,Reputasi PenjaminEmisi,ReturnOnInvesment (ROI),FinancialLeveragedan Underpricing