’The Zone of Parental Control, The ‘Gilded Cage’ And The Deprivation of a Child’s Liberty: Getting Around Article 5

Purpose: This paper will specifically analyse whether parents should have the legal authority to authorise a deprivation of liberty for children with a learning disability. As a result of parental consent being recognised as holding legal authority, these children have their right to liberty under Article 5 engaged. It will be argued that the courts' failure to support this view stems from the confusing concept of the 'zone of parental control'. Design/methodology/approach: A doctrinal methodology is used, examining domestic law and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), with analysis of relevant literature. Findings: Decisions regarding deprivation of liberty in children under the age of sixteen should undoubtedly include parental consent. The concern expressed here is the sovereignty of parental consent over all else. The law is confusing. In one respect rights under the ECHR are universal. However, both UK and European courts have accepted the premise that it is entirely within the zone of parental control to effectively deprive a child of liberty without procedural or judicial review. Furthermore, there are wider potential issues for children being considered to be deprived of liberty following Cheshire West

Why the war on drugs in sport will never be won

Drug free sport is an unattainable aspiration. In this critical, paradigm-shifting reappraisal of contemporary drug policy in sport, Bob Stewart and Aaron Smith argue that drug use in sport is an inexorable consequence of the nature, structure and culture of sport itself. By de-mythologising and de-moralising the assumptions that prop up current drug management controls, and re-emphasising the importance of the long-term well being and civil rights of the athlete, they offer a powerful argument for creating a legitimate space for drug use in sport. The book offers a broad ranging overview of the social and commercial pressures impelling drug use, and maps the full historical and social extent of the problem. With policy analysis at the centre of the discussion, the book explores the complete range of social, management, policy, scientific, technological and health issues around drugs in sport, highlighting the irresolvable tension between the zero-tolerance model as advanced by WADA and the harm-reduction approach adopted by drug education and treatment agencies. While there are no simple solutions, as long as drugs use is endemic in wider society the authors argue that a more nuanced and progressive approach is required in order to safeguard and protect the health, social liberty and best interests of athletes and sports people, as well as the value of sport itself

Preliminary Findings: Adolescent Sexual Health Focus Group Study

ReportThe Adolescent Sexual Health Focus Group study was conducted to help the New York State Department of Health (NYS DOH) learn about how young people get information about sexual health, where they go for sexual health care services, their experiences in getting care and accessing services, and what needs they have that aren’t being met. This report summarizes the study's findings

Creating social value within the delivery of construction projects: the role of lean approach

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the current knowledge surrounding social value and show how lean approach supports social value realisation in the delivery of construction projects. Design/methodology/approach: A critical literature review was adopted, to gather the current knowledge surrounding social value from mainstream management sciences, construction management and lean literature. A total of 70 studies were critically reviewed. Findings: The study establishes that the current level of awareness on social value is still low and there is a dearth of scholarly publications on social value especially in construction management literature. The investigation reveals the potentials of lean approach in supporting the delivery of social value on construction projects. Social implication: This study conceptualises the community and the physical environment around where the construction project is executed as customers using lean production approach. It shows that the Transformation, Flow & Value view supports smooth workflow which enhances the achievement of social value objectives. This creates a new insight into how social value can be realised in construction project delivery. Originality and Value: This study extends the on-going debate around the need for social value in construction project delivery and contributes to construction management and lean construction literature on social value. Future studies could build on this to obtain empirical data and develop an approach/method that would support the evidencing of social value delivery on construction projects

(with selected statistics for New York State youth)

Updated in 2010, this fact sheet offers selected statistics regarding U.S. youth in the following areas: general demographics, health (including violence and mortality, sexual health, substance use), education, civic engagement, the internet and social media, and family relationships. Extensive endnotes direct users to sources for more information

Digital information and the 'privatisation of knowledge'

Purpose of this paper: To point out that past models of information ownership may not carry over to the age of digital information. The fact that public ownership of information (for example, by means of national and public library collections) created social benefits in the past does not mean that a greater degree of private sector involvement in information provision in the knowledge society of today is synonymous with an abandonment of past ideals of social information provision. Design/methodology/approach: A brief review of recent issues in digital preservation and national electronic heritage management, with an examination of the public/private sector characteristics of each issue. Findings: Private companies and philanthropic endeavours focussing on the business of digital information provision have done some things - which in the past we have associated with the public domain - remarkably well. It is probably fair to say that this has occurred against the pattern of expectation of the library profession. Research limitations/Implications:The premise of this paper is that LIS research aimed at predicting future patterns of problem solving in information work should avoid the narrow use of patterns of public-private relationships inherited from a previous, print-based information order. Practical implications: This paper suggests practical ways in which the library and information profession can improve digital library services by looking to form creative partnerships with private sector problem solvers. What is original/value of the paper? This paper argues that the LIS profession should not take a doctrinaire approach to commercial company involvement in 'our' information world. Librarians should facilitate collaboration between all parties, both public and private, to create original solutions to contemporary information provision problems. In this way we can help create pragmatic, non-doctrinaire solutions that really do work for the citizens of our contemporary information society

Formation of incipient soot particles from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A ReaxFF molecular dynamics study

In this study, we present the results from a series of ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to uncover the underlying mechanisms behind the nucleation and growth of incipient soot particles from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs, namely, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, coronene, ovalene and circumcoronene, are selected for ReaxFF MD simulations over a range of temperatures from 400 to 2500 K. Distinctive mechanisms of incipient soot formation are identified with respect to PAH mass and temperature. At low temperatures (e.g., 400 K), all types of the above PAHs can nucleate into incipient soot particles in stacked structures due to physical interactions. With the increase of temperature, the possibility of physical nucleation decreases for each PAH. At moderate temperatures (e.g., 1600 K), it becomes difficult for these PAH monomers, except circumcoronene grows into incipient soot particles. When the temperature increases to 2500 K, all the PAHs become chemically active, which not only leads to the formation of incipient soot particles but also takes the graphitization with the increase of the carbon-to-hydrogen (C/H) ratios in the particles. In addition to the formation of fullerene-like soot particles, stacked particles connected by ‘carbon bridges’ are also observed for large PAHs like coronene, ovalene and circumcoronene

Revising the City of Winnipeg Act : a discussion paper

iii, 19 p

Do institutional arrangements make a difference to transport policy and implementation? Lessons for Britain

This paper describes local government decision-making in transport in three areas of the UK, London, West Yorkshire and Edinburgh, in which major changes in local government decision-making structures have taken place over the last decade, and between which arrangements are now very different. The research discusses whether institutional change has had a beneficial or adverse effect, and whether any of the current structures provides a more effective framework for policy development and implementation. The results show that although the sites share a broadly common set of objectives there are differences in devolved responsibilities and in the extent to which various policy options are within the control of the bodies charged with transport policy delivery. The existence of several tiers of government, coupled with the many interactions required between these public sector bodies and the predominantly private sector public transport operators appears to create extra transactional barriers and impedes the implementation of the most effective measures for cutting congestion. There is, however, a compelling argument for the presence of an overarching tier of government to organise travel over a spatial scale compatible with that of major commuter patterns. The extent to which such arrangements currently appear to work is a function of the range of powers and the funding levels afforded to the co-ordinating organisation