Avaliação de programa de prevenção de obesidade em adolescentes de escolas públicas

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de prevenção de obesidade sobre práticas alimentares de adolescentes de escolas públicas. MÉTODOS: Intervenção com 331 estudantes de 11 a 17 anos de 5º e 6º anos de duas escolas públicas estaduais de Niterói, RJ, em 2005. As escolas foram classificadas em escola de intervenção (EI) e escola de controle (EC) para comparação. Práticas alimentares foram abordadas em questionários auto-respondidos antes e após o período de intervenção: consumo de fast food, consumo de refrigerantes, substituição de refeições por lanches, consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes e tipo de alimentação consumida nos intervalos das aulas. Testes qui-quadrado e McNemar foram aplicados para comparar proporções, considerando valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Na linha de base participaram 185 estudantes da EI (82,2% dos elegíveis) e 146 estudantes da EC (70,5% dos elegíveis). Na fase pós-intervenção houve perda de 10,3% dos adolescentes da EI e 27,4% da EC. Não se observaram mudanças significativas nas práticas alimentares na EC. Na EI aumentou a proporção de estudantes que relataram não consumir lanches vendidos por ambulantes (de 36,7% para 50,6%; p = 0,02) e dos jovens que relataram não substituir almoço (de 44,5% para 65,2%; p < 0,01) e jantar (de 38,4% para 54,3%; p < 0,01) por lanches. A principal mudança favorável foi a redução na freqüência de consumo de lanches fast food na EI comparada à EC (72,7% vs 54,4%; p = 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Mudanças favoráveis nas práticas alimentares dos adolescentes foram encontradas e estimulam a implantação de programas dessa natureza; contudo, intervenções de maior duração precisam ser implementadas e avaliadas quanto a sua efetividade

SURVEY OF SANDFLY FAUNA (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) IN UBERLÂNDIA, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL, 2003-2004

We analyzed the sandflies around houses and domestic animal shelters located in residences close to forests in localities on the banks of the Araguari River, Uberl&#226;ndia, MG, from February 2003 to November 2004. The phlebotomines were captured in the peridomiciliary area, where Shannon traps were utilized in the peridomicile and CDC traps in animal shelters. 2,783 specimens of sandflies were captured, 2,140 females (76.9%) and 643 males (23.1%), distributed between 17 species. The most abundant species was Nyssomyia neivai (88.1%), followed by Nyssomyia whitmani (3.1%). The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was also confirmed, it is the main vector of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi which causes visceral leishmaniasis. The presence of species involved in the transmission of leishmaniases in the municipality of Uberl&#226;ndia is cause for concern. The presence of L. longipalpis indicates that its urbanization may not have been aleatory and instead occurred through the destruction of wild ecotopes. More studies of their occupation in anthropic environments need to be made

Novel insights into the genomic basis of citrus canker based on the genome sequences of two strains of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii

Background: Citrus canker is a disease that has severe economic impact on the citrus industry worldwide. There are three types of canker, called A, B, and C. The three types have different phenotypes and affect different citrus species. The causative agent for type A is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, whose genome sequence was made available in 2002. Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain B causes canker B and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes canker C. Results: We have sequenced the genomes of strains B and C to draft status. We have compared their genomic content to X. citri subsp. citri and to other Xanthomonas genomes, with special emphasis on type III secreted effector repertoires. In addition to pthA, already known to be present in all three citrus canker strains, two additional effector genes, xopE3 and xopAI, are also present in all three strains and are both located on the same putative genomic island. These two effector genes, along with one other effector-like gene in the same region, are thus good candidates for being pathogenicity factors on citrus. Numerous gene content differences also exist between the three cankers strains, which can be correlated with their different virulence and host range. Particular attention was placed on the analysis of genes involved in biofilm formation and quorum sensing, type IV secretion, flagellum synthesis and motility, lipopolysacharide synthesis, and on the gene xacPNP, which codes for a natriuretic protein. Conclusion: We have uncovered numerous commonalities and differences in gene content between the genomes of the pathogenic agents causing citrus canker A, B, and C and other Xanthomonas genomes. Molecular genetics can now be employed to determine the role of these genes in plant-microbe interactions. The gained knowledge will be instrumental for improving citrus canker control.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientIfico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao para Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES)Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (FUNDECITRUS