International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

A systematic review on humanizing factors for online system

Online systems have improved our lives in many ways compared to traditional method. Recently, humanizing online systems become an important issue and an interest of professionals and academician as it is believed can improve online systems become more user-centric. However, the systematic review to report the current state of humanizing online systems research is very limited. Thus, this paper aims to systematically review and contributes better understanding of humanizing for online systems research. To collect and review previous studies, we used systematic literature review method consisting three phases which are planning, conducting and reporting the reviews. A set of research questions for the review covers the meaning, problems and factors of humanizing online systems from various fields. As a result, we selected 33 papers that have relevant information to address the research questions been set. Based on the review, we also found that humanizing in online system is still undefined. Therefore, further study that investigate human behavior in online system is necessary

Genetics of Whole Plant Morphology and Architecture

Plant architectural features directly impact plant fitness and adaptation, and traits related to plant morphology and development represent important targets for crop breeding. Decades of mutagenesis research have provided a wealth of mutant resources, making barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) an interesting model for genetic dissection of grass morphology and architecture. Recent advances in genomics have propelled the identification of barley genes controlling different aspects of shoot and root development. In addition to gene discovery, it is important to understand the interplay between different developmental processes in order to support breeding of improved ideotypes for sustainable barley production under different climatic conditions. The purpose of the present chapter is to: (i) provide an overview of the morphology and development of shoot and root structures in barley; (ii) discuss novel insights into the genetic, molecular and hormonal mechanisms regulating root and shoot development and architecture; and (iii) highlight the genetic and physiological interactions among organs and traits with special focus on correlations between leaf and tiller development, flowering and tillering, as well as row-type and tillering