Effect of chlorhexidine on the shear bond strength of self-etch adhesives to dentin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine on shear bond strength of self-etch adhesives to dentin. The crowns of 60 sound human premolars were horizontally sectioned to expose the coronal dentin. Dentin surfaces were polished with 320 grit silicon carbide papers, and were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15). In group 1, two-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond) was used. In group 2, the surface was rinsed with chlorhexidine 2% solution prior to Clearfil SE bond application. In groups 3 and 4, the procedure was repeated similar to groups 1 and 2. In this case, onestep self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil S3 Bond) was used. Then Z100 composite resin was applied. Subsequent to thermocycling, the shear bond strengths were measured. Data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA. In this study, p < 0.05 was considered significant. There were no significant differences between groups (p = 0.321). The use of 2% chlorhexidine had no effect on the shear bond strength of two-step and one-step self-etching adhesive resins. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the shear bond strength values between two-step and one-step self-etching adhesive resins.Key words: Chlorhexidine, shear bond strength, one-step self-etch adhesive resin, two-step self-etch adhesive resin

Growth assessments of Nicotianatabaccumcv.Xanthitransformed with Arabidopsis thalianaP5CS under salt stress

Proline plays important role in osmo-adjusment and prevention of osmotic stress in plants. In order to analyze osmotic stress resistance, germination and growth pattern in vitro and in vivo, the Arabidopsis thalianaδ-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) which is the regulatory enzyme of proline biosynthesis, was reverse transcribed, amplified into double stranded cDNA, cloned and transformed into tobacco using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. Seeds of chimeric T0transgenic plants were grown; T1 and the succeeding T2 transgenic plants were obtained. Subsequently, wild type and binary vector transformed control plants along with T2 transgenic lines were exposed to salt concentrations from 0 to 250 mM during germination and growth stages. Results showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between T2 and control plants, while the control plants germinated in the presence of salt concentrations up to 50 mM and tolerated 100 mM salt during growth phase. Transgenic T2 lines were able to germinate in 200 mM NaCl and tolerated up to 250 mM salt during growth phase. Assessing proline contents, we observed 7.5 times more proline in T2 transgenic plantsthan control plants in normal condition which increased up to 3.3 folds in stress condition. This osmotic stress resistance was further assessed for T3 generation against drought and salt stresses in vivo. Results indicated osmotic stress resistance of T3 generation as well as stable expression of P5CS along with achievement of homozygous transgenic lines.Key words: δ-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), osmotic stress, transgenic plants, germination, growth phase

Macromixing study for various designs of impellers in a stirred vessel

The effect of the impeller designs and impeller clearance level (C/T) on power consumption, mixing time and air entrainment point in a single liquid phase under turbulent conditions (Re > 104) were investigated. Different impeller designs including conventional and new designs, were used to consider both axial and radial flow impellers. The electric conductivity method, suspended motor system and observation method were employed to determine the mixing time, the power consumption and the air entrainment point, respectively. The reduction in the impeller clearance level form T/3 to T/6 resulted in a decrease in power number values for up-flow pumping impellers while it was increased for down-flow pumping. The same trend was observed for the mixing time results. Moreover, axial flow impellers and specially HE3 are preferable for higher agitation speeds due to the less air entrainment. The results verified that the axial flow impellers and specifically down-flow impellers are more efficient than the radial flow impellers. ANFIS-Fuzzy C–means (ANFIS–FcM) and nonlinear regression were used to develop models to predict the mixing time based on the energy dissipation rate and clearance. The results verified that the model predictions successfully fit the experimental mixing time data

Cooperative In-Vivo Nano-Network Communication at Terahertz Frequencies

Nano devices have great potential to play a vital role in future medical diagnostics and treatment technologies because of its non-invasive nature and ability to reach delicate body sites easily as compared to conventional devices. In this paper, a novel concept of cooperative communication for in-vivo nano network is presented to enhance the communication among these devices. The effect on the system outage probability performance is conducted for various parameters including relay placement, number of relays, transmit power, bandwidth and carrier frequency. Results show approximately a 10-fold increase in the system outage performance whenever an additional relay is included in the cooperative network, hence shows a great potential of using cooperative communication to enhance the performance of nano-network at terahertz frequencies

Анализ проблем инновационного развития медицины в Украине

Проанализированы проблемы, тормозящие развитие инновационной деятельности в медицине Украины, и внесены предложения по их устранению.Проаналізовано проблеми, які стримують розвиток інноваційної діяльності в медицині України, і внесено пропозиції щодо їх усунення.The paper contains an analysis of barriers for innovation in the Ukrainian medical sector, with propositions for their elimination

Synthesis of 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N- (substituted)propanamides as promising antibacterial agents with mild cytotoxicity

Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of a series of molecules with amalgamation of furoyl, piperazine and amide moieties.Methods: New derivatives, namely 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substituted) propanamides, were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity and toxicity to mammalian cells. The synthesis was initiated by treating different aryl/aralkyl amines (1a-u) with 3-bromopropionyl chloride (2) to obtain the solid electrophiles 3a-u, which were collected by filtration. Thereafter, the different N-aryl/aralkyl-3- bromopropionamides (3a-u) and 2-furoyl-1-piperazine (4) at equimolar ratios were allowed to react in acetonitrile and in the presence of a base, K2CO3, to form the target compounds, 5a-u. Structural elucidation was carried out using EI-MS (electron impact mass spectrometry), IR (infrared) and 1H-NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance). The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against various bacterial strains. Furthermore, hemolysis was determined to assess cytotoxicity using bovine red blood cells.Results: Molecules 5g, 5a, 5p, 5g and 5i were found to be potent agents against S. aureus, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and B. subtilis with respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8.34 ± 0.55, 8.37 ± 0.12, 8.65 ± 0.57, 8.97 ± 0.12 and 9.24 ± 0.50 μM, compared to 7.80 ± 0.19, 7.45 ± 0.58, 7.14 ± 0.58, 7.16 ± 0.58 and 7.29 ± 0.90 μM for the reference standard, ciprofloxacin. The most active compounds, 5a, 5g, 5i and 5p, showed a hemolysis of 15.48, 8.03, 5.52 and 4.35 %, respectively.Conclusion: The synthesized compounds exhibit good antibacterial activity. The hemolysis data indicate that these compounds have a low toxicity level. However, in vivo studies are required to ascertain their potentials as new drug candidates.Keywords: 4-(2-Furoyl)-1-piperazine, 1H-NMR, EI-MS, Antimicrobial activity, Hemolytic activit

Prevalence of Amblyopia in Iranian Children

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Amblyopia is one of the common eye diseases in children and the risk of vision loss is possible. Therefore, the aim of this study is systematic review and meta-analysis in order to align the studies on the prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis relevant articles in scientific databases including SID, Science Direct and Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar in March 1999- February 2017, using the Persian and English Keywords of Amblyopia, children, Iran. FINDINGS: In the review of internal and external journals and search on SID databases 22 articles, PubMed 126 articles, Science Direct 112 articles and 116 Google Scholar search engines were obtained. Then the articles that had the initial conditions for entry into the study were 162 cases based on preliminary studies, with the elimination of 214 repetitive articles. Finally, removing 120 articles unrelated to the topic of the study and removing 24 articles in the secondary studies ultimately 18 papers entered the meta-analysis process. The overall Prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children was 5.4 % (Cl-95%: 3.1%-9.1%). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children is high

Searching for sterile neutrinos in ice

Oscillation interpretation of the results from the LSND, MiniBooNE and some other experiments requires existence of sterile neutrino with mass $\sim 1$ eV and mixing with the active neutrinos $|U_{\mu 0}|^2 \sim (0.02 - 0.04)$. It has been realized some time ago that existence of such a neutrino affects significantly the fluxes of atmospheric neutrinos in the TeV range which can be tested by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. In view of the first IceCube data release we have revisited the oscillations of high energy atmospheric neutrinos in the presence of one sterile neutrino. Properties of the oscillation probabilities are studied in details for various mixing schemes both analytically and numerically. The energy spectra and angular distributions of the $\nu_\mu-$events have been computed for the simplest $\nu_s-$mass, and $\nu_s - \nu_\mu$ mixing schemes and confronted with the IceCube data. An illustrative statistical analysis of the present data shows that in the $\nu_s-$mass mixing case the sterile neutrinos with parameters required by LSND/MiniBooNE can be excluded at about $3\sigma$ level. The $\nu_s- \nu_\mu$ mixing scheme, however, can not be ruled out with currently available IceCube data.Comment: 41 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEP. Minor changes from the previous versio

A new and sensitive reaction rate method for spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of thiourea in different water samples based on an induction period

BACKGROUNDAgrilus bigutattus (Fabricius) is a forest pest of increasing importance in the United Kingdom. The larvae damage weakened native oaks and are thought to contribute to premature tree death. Suspected links with acute oak decline (AOD) are not yet confirmed, but AOD-predisposed trees appear to become more susceptible to A. biguttatus attack. Thus, management may be necessary for control of this insect. To explore the possibility of monitoring beetle populations by baited traps, the host tree volatiles regulating A. biguttatus-oak interactions were studied. RESULTSBiologically active volatile organic compounds in dynamic headspace extracts of oak foliage and bark were identified initially by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the structures were confirmed by GC coinjection with authentic compounds. Of two synthetic blends of these compounds comprising the active leaf volatiles, the simpler one containing three components evoked strongly positive behavioural responses in four-arm olfactometer tests with virgin females and males, although fresh leaf material was more efficient than the blend. The other blend, comprising a five-component mixture made up of bark volatiles, proved to be as behaviourally active for gravid females as bark tissue. CONCLUSIONSThese initial results on A. biguttatus chemical ecology reveal aspects of the role of attractive tree volatiles in the host-finding of beetles and underpin the development of semiochemically based surveillance strategies for this forest insect. (c) 2015 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry

Social, environmental and psychological factors associated with objective physical activity levels in the over 65s

Objective: To assess physical activity levels objectively using accelerometers in community dwelling over 65 s and to examine associations with health, social, environmental and psychological factors. Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting: 17 general practices in Scotland, United Kingdom. Participants: Random sampling of over 65 s registered with the practices in four strata young-old (65–80 years), old-old (over 80 years), more affluent and less affluent groups. Main Outcome Measures: Accelerometry counts of activity per day. Associations between activity and Theory of Planned Behaviour variables, the physical environment, health, wellbeing and demographic variables were examined with multiple regression analysis and multilevel modelling. Results: 547 older people (mean (SD) age 79(8) years, 54% female) were analysed representing 94% of those surveyed. Accelerometry counts were highest in the affluent younger group, followed by the deprived younger group, with lowest levels in the deprived over 80 s group. Multiple regression analysis showed that lower age, higher perceived behavioural control, the physical function subscale of SF-36, and having someone nearby to turn to were all independently associated with higher physical activity levels (R2 = 0.32). In addition, hours of sunshine were independently significantly associated with greater physical activity in a multilevel model. Conclusions: Other than age and hours of sunlight, the variables identified are modifiable, and provide a strong basis for the future development of novel multidimensional interventions aimed at increasing activity participation in later life.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe