The conservation of energy-momentum and the mass for the graviton

In this work we give special attention to the bimetric theory of gravitation with massive gravitons proposed by Visser in 1998. In his theory, a prior background metric is necessary to take in account the massive term. Although in the great part of the astrophysical studies the Minkowski metric is the best choice to the background metric, it is not possible to consider this metric in cosmology. In order to keep the Minkowski metric as background in this case, we suggest an interpretation of the energy-momentum conservation in Visser's theory, which is in accordance with the equivalence principle and recovers naturally the special relativity in the absence of gravitational sources. Although we do not present a general proof of our hypothesis we show its validity in the simple case of a plane and dust-dominated universe, in which the `massive term' appears like an extra contribution for the energy density.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publishing in GR

A Study of the Scintillation Induced by Alpha Particles and Gamma Rays in Liquid Xenon in an Electric Field

Scintillation produced in liquid xenon by alpha particles and gamma rays has been studied as a function of applied electric field. For back scattered gamma rays with energy of about 200 keV, the number of scintillation photons was found to decrease by 64+/-2% with increasing field strength. Consequently, the pulse shape discrimination power between alpha particles and gamma rays is found to reduce with increasing field, but remaining non-zero at higher fields.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research

Vp/Vs ratios in the Parnaíba Basin from joint active-passive seismic analysis – Implications for continental amalgamation and basin formation

Acknowledgements The authors thank Jordi Julià and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Thanks to the PBAP program for the availability of WARR, DSR and teleseismic three-component data (Project 5547: BP ENERGY/FUB/FINATEC— PARNAÍBA BASIN REFRACTION EXPERIMENT). RAF thanks CNPq and INCT Estudos Tectônicos (CNPq, CAPES, FAP-DF) for research fellowship and funds. *The data that support the findings of this study may be available from the authors upon reasonable request.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Clinical outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia: evaluation of genetic and molecular findings in a real-life setting

sem informação1261518631865sem informaçãosem informaçã

The Psychedelic State Induced By Ayahuasca Modulates The Activity And Connectivity Of The Default Mode Network

The experiences induced by psychedelics share a wide variety of subjective features, related to the complex changes in perception and cognition induced by this class of drugs. A remarkable increase in introspection is at the core of these altered states of consciousness. Self-oriented mental activity has been consistently linked to the Default Mode Network (DMN), a set of brain regionsmore active during rest than during the execution of a goal-directed task. Here we used fMRI technique to inspect the DMN during the psychedelic state induced by Ayahuasca in ten experienced subjects. Ayahuasca is a potion traditionally used by Amazonian Amerindians composed by a mixture of compounds that increase monoaminergic transmission. In particular, we examined whether Ayahuasca changes the activity and connectivity of the DMN and the connection between the DMN and the task-positive network (TPN). Ayahuasca caused a significant decrease in activity throughmost parts of the DMN, including its most consistent hubs: the Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC)/Precuneus and the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC). Functional connectivity within the PCC/Precuneus decreased after Ayahuasca intake. No significant change was observed in the DMN-TPN orthogonality. Altogether, our results support the notion that the altered state of consciousness induced by Ayahuasca, like those induced by psilocybin (another serotonergic psychedelic), meditation and sleep, is linked to the modulation of the activity and the connectivity of the DMN.102Watts, A., Psychedelics and religious experience (1968) California Law Review, 56, pp. 74-85Shanon, B., (2002) The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomenology of the Ayahuasca Experience, 6, p. 475. , OxfordNew York: Oxford University PressDos Santos, R.G., Grasa, E., Valle, M., Ballester, M.R., Bouso, J.C., Pharmacology of ayahuasca administered in two repeated doses (2012) Psychopharmacology, 219, pp. 1039-1053. , PMID: 21842159Callaway, J.C., McKenna, D.J., Grob, C.S., Brito, G.S., Raymon, L.P., Pharmacokinetics of Hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans (1999) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65, pp. 243-256. , PMID: 10404423Fontanilla, D., Johannessen, M., Hajipour, A.R., Cozzi, N.V., Jackson, M.B., The hallucinogen N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous sigma-1 receptor regulator (2009) Science, 323, pp. 934-937. , PMID: 19213917Mckenna, D.J., Towers, G.H.N., Abbott, F., Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors in South-American hallucinogenic plants-tryptamine and beta-carboline constituents of ayahuasca (1984) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 10, pp. 195-223. , PMID: 6587171De Araujo, D.B., Ribeiro, S., Cecchi, G.A., Carvalho, F.M., Sanchez, T.A., Seeing with the eyes shut: Neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion (2012) Human Brain MappingRiba, J., Valle, M., Urbano, G., Yritia, M., Morte, A., Human pharmacology of ayahuasca: Subjective and cardiovascular effects, monoamine metabolite excretion, and pharmacokinetics (2003) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 306, pp. 73-83. , PMID: 12660312Riba, J., Rodriguez-Fornells, A., Urbano, G., Morte, A., Antonijoan, R., Subjective effects and tolerability of the South American psychoactive beverage Ayahuasca in healthy volunteers (2001) Psychopharmacology, 154, pp. 85-95. , PMID: 11292011Bouso, J.C., Fabregas, J.M., Antonijoan, R.M., Rodriguez-Fornells, A., Riba, J., Acute effects of ayahuasca on neuropsychological performance: Differences in executive function between experienced and occasional users (2013) Psychopharmacology, 230, pp. 415-424. , PMID: 23793226Riba, J., Romero, S., Grasa, E., Mena, E., Carrio, I., Increased frontal and paralimbic activation following ayahuasca, the pan-amazonian inebriant (2006) Psychopharmacology, 186, pp. 93-98. , PMID: 16575552Sheline, Y.I., Barch, D.M., Price, J.L., Rundle, M.M., Vaishnavi, S.N., The default mode network and self-referential processes in depression (2009) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, pp. 1942-1947. , PMID: 19171889Sood, A., Jones, D.T., On mind wandering, attention, brain networks, and meditation (2013) Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 9, pp. 136-141. , PMID: 23643368Buckner, R.L., Andrews-Hanna, J.R., Schacter, D.L., The brain's default network. Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease (2008) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008, 1124, pp. 1-38. , PMID: 18400922Samann, P.G., Wehrle, R., Hoehn, D., Spoormaker, V.I., Peters, H., Development of the brain's default mode network from wakefulness to slow wave sleep (2011) Cerebral Cortex, 21, pp. 2082-2093. , PMID: 21330468Carhart-Harris, R.L., Erritzoe, D., Williams, T., Stone, J.M., Reed, L.J., Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin (2012) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, pp. 2138-2143. , PMID: 22308440Brewer, J.A., Worhunsky, P.D., Gray, J.R., Tang, Y.-Y., Weber, J., Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity (2011) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, pp. 20254-20259. , PMID: 22114193Raichle, M.E., MacLeod, A.M., Snyder, A.Z., Powers, W.J., Gusnard, D.A., A default mode of brain function (2001) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, pp. 676-682. , PMID: 11209064Mason, M.F., Norton, M.I., Van Horn, J.D., Wegner, D.M., Grafton, S.T., Wandering minds: The default network and stimulus-independent thought (2007) Science, 315, pp. 393-395. , PMID: 17234951Smallwood, J., Schooler, J.W., The restless mind (2006) Psychological Bulletin, 132, pp. 946-958. , PMID: 17073528Buckner, R.L., Carroll, D.C., Self-projection and the brain (2007) Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, pp. 49-57. , PMID: 17188554Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., Greck, M., Bennpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., Self-referential processing in our brain. A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self (2006) Neuroimage, 31, pp. 440-457. , PMID: 16466680Garrity, A.G., Pearlson, G.D., McKiernan, K., Lloyd, D., Kiehl, K.A., Aberrant "default mode" functional connectivity in schizophrenia (2007) American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, pp. 450-457. , PMID: 17329470Van Eimeren, T., Monchi, O., Ballanger, B., Strafella, A.P., Dysfunction of the default mode network in parkinson disease a functional magnetic resonance imaging study (2009) Archives of Neurology, 66, pp. 877-883. , PMID: 19597090Gentili, C., Del Carlo, A., Cetani, F., Pratali, S., Pennato, T., Default mode network activity differs between patients with Social Phobia and helathy controls (2009) Psychology & Health, 24, pp. 181-181. , PMID: 25622306Bossong, M.G., Jansma, J.M., Van Hell, H.H., Jager, G., Kahn, R.S., Default mode network in the effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on human executive function (2013) PLoS One, 8, p. e70074. , PMID: 23936144Kennedy, D.P., Courchesne, E., Functional abnormalities of the default network during self- and other-reflection in autism (2008) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3, pp. 177-190. , PMID: 19015108Greicius, M.D., Srivastava, G., Reiss, A.L., Menon, V., Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from healthy aging: Evidence from functional MRI (2004) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, pp. 4637-4642. , PMID: 15070770McGeown, W.J., Mazzoni, G., Venneri, A., Kirsch, I., Hypnotic induction decreases anterior default mode activity (2009) Consciousness and Cognition, 18, pp. 848-855. , PMID: 19782614Smith, S.M., The future of FMRI connectivity (2012) Neuroimage, 62, pp. 1257-1266. , PMID: 22248579Jang, J.H., Jung, W.H., Kang, D.-H., Byun, M.S., Kwon, S.J., Increased default mode network connectivity associated with meditation (2011) Neuroscience Letters, 487, pp. 358-362. , PMID: 21034792Greicius, M.D., Kiviniemi, V., Tervonen, O., Vainionpaa, V., Alahuhta, S., Persistent default-mode network connectivity during light sedation (2008) Human Brain Mapping, 29, pp. 839-847. , PMID: 18219620Horovitz, S.G., Braun, A.R., Carr, W.S., Picchioni, D., Balkin, T.J., Decoupling of the brain's default mode network during deep sleep (2009) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, pp. 11376-11381. , PMID: 19549821Schrouff, J., Perlbarg, V., Boly, M., Marrelec, G., Boveroux, P., Brain functional integration decreases during propofol-induced loss of consciousness (2011) Neuroimage, 57, pp. 198-205. , PMID: 21524704Carhart-Harris, R.L., Leech, R., Erritzoe, D., Williams, T.M., Stone, J.M., Functional connectivity measures after psilocybin inform a novel hypothesis of early psychosis (2012) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39, pp. 1343-1351. , PMID: 23044373Fox, M.D., Snyder, A.Z., Vincent, J.L., Corbetta, M., Van Essen, D.C., The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks (2005) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, pp. 9673-9678. , PMID: 15976020Uddin, L.Q., Kelly, A.M., Biswal, B.B., Castellanos, F.X., Milham, M.P., Functional connectivity of default mode network components: Correlation, anticorrelation, and causality (2009) Human Brain Mapping, 30, pp. 625-637. , PMID: 18219617Kriegeskorte, N., Simmons, W.K., Bellgowan, P.S.F., Baker, C.I., Circular analysis in systems neuroscience: The dangers of double dipping (2009) Nature Neuroscience, 12, p. 540Laird, A.R., Eickhoff, S.B., Li, K., Robin, D.A., Glahn, D.C., Investigating the functional heterogeneity of the default mode network using coordinate-based meta-analytic modeling (2009) Journal of Neuroscience, 29, pp. 14496-14505. , PMID: 19923283Song, X.-W., Dong, Z.-Y., Long, X.-Y., Li, S.-F., Zuo, X.-N., REST: A toolkit for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data processing (2011) Plos One, 6, p. e25031. , PMID: 21949842Murphy, K., Birn, R.M., Handwerker, D.A., Jones, T.B., Bandettini, P.A., The impact of global signal regression on resting state correlations: Are anti-correlated networks introduced? (2009) Neuroimage, 44, pp. 893-905. , PMID: 18976716Weissenbacher, A., Kasess, C., Gerstl, F., Lanzenberger, R., Moser, E., Correlations and anticorrelations in resting-state functional connectivity MRI: A quantitative comparison of preprocessing strategies (2009) Neuroimage, 47, pp. 1408-1416. , PMID: 19442749Keller, C.J., Bickel, S., Honey, C.J., Groppe, D.M., Entz, L., Neurophysiological investigation of spontaneous correlated and anticorrelated fluctuations of the BOLD signal (2013) The Journal of Neuroscience, 33, pp. 6333-6342. , PMID: 23575832Brefczynski-Lewis, J.A., Lutz, A., Schaefer, H.S., Levinson, D.B., Davidson, R.J., Neural correlates of attentional expertise in long-term meditation practitioners (2007) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, pp. 11483-11488. , PMID: 17596341James, W., (1902) The Varieties of Religious Experiencea Study in Human Nature, 12, p. 534. , New York etc.: Longmans, Green, and co, 5311. pRinpoche, Y.M., (2007) The Joy of Living, , New York: Three Rivers, PMID: 25506957Hasenkamp, W., Wilson-Mendenhall, C.D., Duncan, E., Barsalou, L.W., Mind wandering and attention during focused meditation: A fine-grained temporal analysis of fluctuating cognitive states (2012) Neuroimage, 59, pp. 750-760. , PMID: 21782031Hasenkamp, W., Barsalou, L.W., Effects of meditation experience on functional connectivity of distributed brain networks (2012) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, p. 6. , PMID: 23419982Ray, T.S., Psychedelics and the human receptorome (2010) PLoS One, 5, p. e9019. , PMID: 20126400Su, T.-P., Hayashi, T., Vaupel, D.B., When the endogenous hallucinogenic trace amine n, n-dimethyltryptamine meets the sigma-1 receptor (2009) Science Signaling, 2, p. e12Young, R., Biggs, J., Ziegler, V., Meyer, D., A rating scale for mania: Reliability, validity and sensitivity (1978) The British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, pp. 429-435. , PMID: 728692Boveroux, P., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Bruno, M.A., Noirhomme, Q., Lauwick, S., Breakdown of within- and between-network resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity during propofol-induced loss of consciousness (2010) Anesthesiology, 113, pp. 1038-1053. , PMID: 20885292Josipovic, Z., Dinstein, I., Weber, J., Heeger, D.J., Influence of meditation on anti-correlated networks in the brain (2012) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, p. 5. , PMID: 22363273Fox, M.D., Zhang, D., Snyder, A.Z., Raichle, M.E., The global signal and observed anticorrelated resting state brain networks (2009) Journal of Neurophysiology, 101, pp. 3270-3283. , PMID: 1933946

Primeiro levantamento de mosca das frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e diversidade de parasitoides entre frutos de myrtaceae em todo o Estado da Bahia, Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species that use myrtaceous fruit, particularly guava, as hosts in several localities in the state of Bahia and to determine the infestation rates, pupal viability rates, and fruit fly-parasitoid associations. Sampling of myrtaceous fruit was carried out in 24 municipalities in different regions in the state of Bahia. Four fruit fly species, Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha zenildae, Anastrepha sororcula, and Ceratitis capitata were obtained from the collected fruit. Three parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) emerged from Anastrepha larvae/pupae, Doryctobracon areolatus, Utetes anastrephae, and Asobara anastrephae. Doryctobracon areolatus emerged from A. fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. zenildae; Utetes anastrephae emerged from A. fraterculus and A. zenildae; and Asobara anastrephae emerged from A. fraterculus. Fruit fly and myrtaceous fruit associations are reported for the first time in several municipalities in the state of Bahia. A. zenildae was found infesting Syzygium malaccense for the first time in Brazil