WinEcon Fiscal Pathways: A Computer Based Learning Module for the Subject Macroeconomic Theory and Policy

trade reforms, manufacturing performance, Australia

Evaluation of Shugor, Dubasi and Watish subtypes of Sudan Desert sheep at the El-Huda National Sheep Research Station, Gezira Province, Sudan

Presents results obtained from a trial conducted at El-Huda National Sheep Research Station, Sudan, Shugor, Dubasi and Watish subtypes of Sudan Desert sheep to compare productivity, reproductivity and animal performance, with particular reference to lambing, lambing intervals, body weight, growth rates and mortality rates, incl. recommendations for further investigations

Gallium oxide and gadolinium gallium oxide insulators on Si δ-doped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures

Test devices have been fabricated on two specially grown GaAs/AlGaAs wafers with 10 nm thick gate dielectrics composed of either Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or a stack of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Gd<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.15</sub>O<sub>0.6</sub>. The wafers have two GaAs transport channels either side of an AlGaAs barrier containing a Si delta-doping layer. Temperature dependent capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) studies have been performed at temperatures between 10 and 300 K. Bias cooling experiments reveal the presence of DX centers in both wafers. Both wafers show a forward bias gate leakage that is by a single activated channel at higher temperatures and by tunneling at lower temperatures. When Gd<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.15</sub>O<sub>0.6</sub> is included in a stack with 1 nm of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at the interface, the gate leakage is greatly reduced due to the larger band gap of the Gd<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.15</sub>O<sub>0.6</sub> layer. The different band gaps of the two oxides result in a difference in the gate voltage at the onset of leakage of ~3 V. However, the inclusion of Gd<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.15</sub>O<sub>0.6</sub> in the gate insulator introduces many oxide states (≤4.70Ã�Â�10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>âÂ�Â�2</sup>). Transmission electron microscope images of the interface region show that the growth of a Gd<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.15</sub>O<sub>0.6</sub> layer on Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> disturbs the well ordered Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaAs interface. We therefore conclude that while including Gd<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.15</sub>O<sub>0.6</sub> in a dielectric stack with Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is necessary for use in device applications, the inclusion of Gd decreases the quality of the Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaAs interface and near interface region by introducing roughness and a large number of defect states

Monte Carlo simulations of high-performance implant free In_0.3Ga_0.7 nano-MOSFETs for low-power CMOS applications

No abstract available

Periaqueductal grey EP3 receptors facilitate spinal nociception in arthritic secondary hypersensitivity

Descending controls on spinal nociceptive processing play a pivotal role in shaping the pain experience following tissue injury. Secondary hypersensitivity develops within undamaged tissue adjacent, and distant to, damaged sites. Spinal neuronal pools innervating regions of secondary hypersensitivity are dominated by descending facilitation that amplifies spinal inputs from un-sensitized peripheral nociceptors. Cyclooxygenase–prostaglandin E2 signaling within the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) is pro-nociceptive in naïve and acutely inflamed animals but its contributions in more prolonged inflammation and, importantly, secondary hypersensitivity remain unknown. In naïve rats, prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3R) antagonism in vlPAG modulated noxious withdrawal reflex (EMG) thresholds to preferential C-, but not A-, nociceptor activation, and raised thermal withdrawal thresholds in awake animals. In rats with inflammatory arthritis, secondary mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity of the hind-paw developed, and this was associated with spinal sensitization to Anociceptor inputs alone. In arthritic rats, blockade of vlPAG EP3R raised EMG thresholds to C-nociceptor activation in the area of secondary hypersensitivity to a degree equivalent to that evoked by the same manipulation in naïve rats

Stationary power applications for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

The benefits provided by Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFC) for power generation (e.g. low operating temperatures, and non-corrosive and stable electrolyte), as well as advances in recent years in lowering their cost and improving anode poisoning tolerance, are stimulating interest in the system for stationary power applications. A significant market potentially exists for PEFCs in certain stationary applications where PEFC technology is a more attractive alternative to other fuel cell technologies. A difficulty with the PEFC is its operation on reformed fuels containing CO, which poisons the anode catalyst. This difficulty can be alleviated in several ways. One possible approach is described whereby the product reformate is purified using a relatively low cost, high-throughput hydrogen permselective separator. Preliminary experiments demonstrate the utility of the concept

The origins and development of the Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology (JHSB) 1919-2019

As an introduction to the final issue of the Journal’s Centenary Volume, this article outlines the history and development of the Journal over its first hundred years. Further detail of the research papers published in the Journal can be found in the Centenary Reviews published in issues 5 and 6 of this volume (Dixon, 2019; Foster, 2019)

Movements of feral camels in central Australia determined by satellite telemetry

Movements of two female one-humped camels in central Australia were tracked using satellite telemetry between March 1986 and July 1987. During that time both animals travelled a minimum distance of over 1000 km within a radius of 125 km for one animal, and 200 km for the other. However, their movements were uite punctuated and both animals spent periods of up to several months in rleatively small areas before moving over longer distances to new areas. Both camels moved at greater rates overnight. An activity index, probably measuring feeding rate, declined during the study period for both animals. Patchy and sporadic rainfall may explain some of these results