Could be possible to innovate in Veterinary TFG?

Resúmenes IV Congreso VetDoc de Docencia Veterinaria, León 2017 (6-7 de Julio)[ES] Se ha realizado un análisis comparativo sobre las características de los TFG en todos los grados en Veterinaria de las Universidades Públicas Españolas. En la Facultad de Veterinaria de Murcia, el TFG consiste en la realización de un trabajo de investigación de unos 30 folios con estructura similar a un trabajo de investigación científica además de la presentación de dicho trabajo en exposición y defensa pública ante un tribunal

Development of genomic simple sequence repeat markers for yam

Yam ( Dioscorea spp.) is a major staple crop widely cultivated for its starchy tubers. To date, very few marker resources are publicly avail - able as tools for genetic and genomic studies of this economically important crop. In this study, 90 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from an enriched genomic library of yellow Guinea yam ( D. cayenensis Lam.). Cross- amplification revealed that 85 (94.4%) and 51 (56.7%) of these SSRs could be successfully transferred to the two major cultivated species of D. rotundata Poir. and D. alata L., respec - tively. Polymorphisms in 30 markers selected on the basis of reliability and reproducibility of DNA bands were evaluated using a panel of 12 D. cayenensis , 48 D. rotundata , and 48 D. alata accessions. Accordingly, number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 8 in D. cayenensis (mean = 3.9), 3 to 30 in D. rotundata (mean = 13.9), and 2 to 22 in D. alata (mean = 12.1). The average observed and expected heterozygosi - ties were 0.156 and 0.634 ( D. cayenensis ), 0.326 and 0.853 ( D. rotundata ), and 0.247 and 0.836 ( D. alata ), respectively. Clustering based on six SSRs that were polymorphic in at least four of the five cultivated Dioscorea species studied, including D. cayenensis , D. rotundata , D. alata , D. dumetorum (Kunth) Pax., and D. bulbifera L., detected groups consistent with the phyloge - netic relationships of the species except for D. dumetorum . These new SSR markers are invalu - able resources for applications such as genetic diversity analysis and marker-assisted breedingYam ( Dioscorea spp.) is a major staple crop widely cultivated for its starchy tubers. To date, very few marker resources are publicly avail - able as tools for genetic and genomic studies of this economically important crop. In this study, 90 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from an enriched genomic library of yellow Guinea yam ( D. cayenensis Lam.). Cross- amplification revealed that 85 (94.4%) and 51 (56.7%) of these SSRs could be successfully transferred to the two major cultivated species of D. rotundata Poir. and D. alata L., respec - tively. Polymorphisms in 30 markers selected on the basis of reliability and reproducibility of DNA bands were evaluated using a panel of 12 D. cayenensis , 48 D. rotundata , and 48 D. alata accessions. Accordingly, number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 8 in D. cayenensis (mean = 3.9), 3 to 30 in D. rotundata (mean = 13.9), and 2 to 22 in D. alata (mean = 12.1). The average observed and expected heterozygosi - ties were 0.156 and 0.634 ( D. cayenensis ), 0.326 and 0.853 ( D. rotundata ), and 0.247 and 0.836 ( D. alata ), respectively. Clustering based on six SSRs that were polymorphic in at least four of the five cultivated Dioscorea species studied, including D. cayenensis , D. rotundata , D. alata , D. dumetorum (Kunth) Pax., and D. bulbifera L., detected groups consistent with the phyloge - netic relationships of the species except for D. dumetorum . These new SSR markers are invalu - able resources for applications such as genetic diversity analysis and marker-assisted breedin

De semillas a bioenergía: un camino de conversión para la valorización de semillas de ricino y jatrofa

The world’s energy matrix can be diversified with biodiesel from castor and jatropha oil. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess a conversion path for the valorization of castor and jatropha seeds. The results showed the maximum extraction of castor oil at 90 °C, 2 rpm, and 6 mm nozzle, achieving a yield of 36.97% and for jatropha oil at 100 °C, 1.5 rpm, and 10 mm nozzle, achieving a yield of 20.11%. The acid value and cloud point of castor and jatropha oil were 0.797 and 23.44 mg KOH/g, 10±1 °C and 12±0.55 °C, respectively; while the pour point was -3 °C for both. The acid value and cloud point for biodiesels ranged from 0.26-0.43 mg KOH/g, and -12.50-6.10 °C, respectively. The viscosity of oils and biodiesel ranged from 0.02-1.3 P. GC-MS indicated 66.38% of methyl ricinoleate in castor biodiesel and 31.64% of methyl oleate in jatropha biodiesel. The HHV for castor and jatropha biodiesel ranged from 32.37-40.25 MJ/kg.La matriz energética mundial puede diversificarse con biodiesel de ricino y de jatrofa. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la ruta de conversión de las semillas de ricino y jatrofa. Los resultados mostraron que la máxima extracción de aceite de ricino se dio a 90 °C, 2 rpm, y boquilla de 6 mm, alcanzando un rendimiento de 36,97% y para el aceite de jatrofa fue a 100 °C, 1,5 rpm, y boquilla de 10 mm, obteniendo un rendimiento de 20,11%. El índice de acidez y punto de nube del aceite de ricino y jatrofa fue de 0,797 y 23,44 mg de KOH/g, 10 ± 1 °C y 12 ± 0,55 °C, respectivamente, mientras que el punto de fluidez fue de -3 °C para ambos. El índice de acidez y el punto de nube del biodiésel de ricino y jatropha fueron 0,43 y 0,26 mg KOH/g, -12,50 °C y 6,10 °C, respectivamente. La viscosidad dinámica de los aceites y el biodiesel osciló entre 0,02 y 1,3 P. El análisis GC-MS indicó 66,38% de ricinoleato de metilo en biodiesel de higuerilla y 31,64% de oleato de metilo en biodiesel de jatrofa. El HHV para el biodiésel de ricino y jatrofa osciló entre 32,37 y 40,25 MJ/kg

Resonant Raman-active localized vibrational modes in AlyGa{1-y}NxAs{1-x} alloys: Experiment and firstprinciples calculations

The localized vibrational modes associated with substitutional aluminium and nitrogen atoms in AlyGa1−yNxAs1−x have been studied within first-principles density functional theory using a supercell approach. Localized vibrational modes related to N-AlmGa4−m (1≤m≥4) complexes have been identified, which reveal the formation of N-Al4 units well above random abundance, in qualitative agreement with a large calculated value (391 meV) of the Al-N bond formation energy. We determine the resonant Raman-active modes from the selection rule obtained by calculating the electron-phonon coupling strength and optical transition matrix elements and compare them with resonant Raman spectroscopy measurements. The localized modes from Raman scattering measurements with frequencies around 325, 385, 400, 450, 500, and 540 cm−1 are found to be in good agreement with the calculated modes (326, 364, 384, 410, 456, 507, and 556 cm−1). The modes are classified as follows: the two modes at 326 and 556 cm−1 belong to the N-AlGa3 configuration; there are three modes which belong to N-Al2Ga2 with frequencies at 326, 364, and 507 cm−1; the N-Al3Ga configuration gives rise to modes whose frequencies are 384 and 456 cm−1; and the mode at a frequency of 410 cm−1 belongs to the N-Al4 complex. The comparison of line intensities from samples before and after rapid thermal annealing allows us to experimentally distinguish vibrational modes associated with different clusters, in agreement with the theoretical assignments

Resonant Raman study of local vibrational modes in AlGaAsN layers

We report on resonant inelastic light scattering in dilute AlGaAsN films. Intense narrow peaks associated to N-related local vibration modes (LVM) have been observed around 325, 385, 400, 450, 500 and 540 cm−1. Their frequencies are compared to density functional theory supercell calculations of AlnGa4−nN complexes (n=1−4). We find clear indications of the formation of Al4N complexes. The values of the extended phonon frequencies reveal changes in the N distribution depending on the growth conditions. The LVM spectra are resonant in the energy range from 1.75 to 1.79 eV, which corresponds to an N-related electronic transition. Our results confirm the preferential bonding of N to Al in AlGaAsN

Genomic profiling of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders using cell-free DNA

Diagnosing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is challenging and often requires invasive procedures. Analyses of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) isolated from plasma is minimally invasive and highly effective for genomic profiling of tumors. We studied the feasibility of using cfDNA to profile PTLD and explore its potential to serve as a screening tool. We included seventeen patients with monomorphic PTLD after solid organ transplantation in this multi-center observational cohort study. We used low-coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS) to detect copy number variations (CNVs) and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load and somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cfDNA from plasma. Seven out of seventeen (41%) patients had EBV-positive tumors, and 13/17 (76%) had stage IV disease. Nine out of seventeen (56%) patients showed CNVs in cfDNA, with more CNVs in EBV-negative cases. Recurrent gains were detected for 3q, 11q, and 18q. Recurrent losses were observed at 6q. The fraction of EBV reads in cfDNA from EBV-positive patients was 3-log higher compared to controls and EBV-negative patients. 289 SNVs were identified, with a median of 19 per sample. SNV burden correlated significantly with lactate dehydrogenase levels. Similar SNV burdens were observed in EBV-negative and EBV-positive PTLD. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53 and KMT2D (41%), followed by SPEN, TET2 (35%), and ARID1A, IGLL5, and PIM1 (29%), indicating DNA damage response, epigenetic regulation, and B-cell signaling/NFkB pathways as drivers of PTLD. Overall, CNVs were more prevalent in EBV-negative lymphoma, while no difference was observed in the number of SNVs. Our data indicated the potential of analyzing cfDNA as a tool for PTLD screening and response monitoring.</p

Histological caracterization of experimental urethroplasties with oral mucosa

Introducción: Diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas se han utilizado para la reconstrucción uretral, entre ellas la utilización de injertos de mucosa oral. El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar las modificaciones estructurales y ultraestructurales en los tejidos injertados sometidos a condiciones ambientales diferentes a las del tejido original. Material y métodos: 20 ratas Wistar macho de 300 g sometidas a anestesia general. Al grupo control se seccionó longitudinalmente la uretra peneana suturándola posteriormente. Grupos estudio, se realizó uretroplastia con injertos de mucosa oral autóloga y análisis (fijación con formaldehido y tinción H&E) tras sacrificio a los 7, 14 y 30 días. Resultados: La técnica empleada fue factible. El análisis de los tejidos orales implantados mostró adecuada integración, que fue completa a los 30 días presentando 5-6 capas de células planas estructura semejante al epitelio uretral. Conclusiones: La mucosa oral como injerto heterotópico se diferencia de forma adecuada generando un tejido estructuralmente similar a la uretra nativa.Introduction: Several surgical techniques have been used for urethral reconstruction. In this context, oral mucosa grafts are currently required. The aim of this study was to analyze the structural and ultraestructural modifications of grafted tissues exposed to different environmental conditions. Material and methods: 20 male Wistar rats under general anesthesia were used. Control group was set, and groups of study were set, and underwent an urethroplasty with oral mucosa graft analyzed at 7, 14 and 30 days. Results: The technique used was feasible. The analysis in oral grafted tissues showed an adequate integration level, with a shrinking interphase formation between the oral and urethral mucosa. At 30 days, the integration was completed and the oral mucosa showed 5-6 flat cell layers, with a similar structure to the urethral epithelium. Conclusions: The oral mucosa used as heterologous graft was able to differentiate in an adequate way to generate a structurally similar tissue to the native urethra.Financiado por: FIS expediente P 107061

Second-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer : Data from the Spanish AGAMENON registry

Second-line treatments boost overall survival in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, there is a paucity of information as to patterns of use and the results achieved in actual clinical practice. The study population comprised patients with AGC in the AGAMENON registry who had received second-line. The objective was to describe the pattern of second-line therapies administered, progression-free survival following second-line (PFS-2), and post-progression survival since first-line (PPS). 2311 cases with 2066 progression events since first-line (89.3%) were recorded; 245 (10.6%) patients died during first-line treatment and 1326/2066 (64.1%) received a second-line. Median PFS-2 and PPS were 3.1 (95% CI, 2.9-3.3) and 5.8 months (5.5-6.3), respectively. The most widely used strategies were monoCT (56.9%), polyCT (15.0%), ramucirumab+CT (12.6%), platinum-reintroduction (8.3%), trastuzumab+CT (6.1%), and ramucirumab (1.1%). PFS-2/PPS medians gradually increased in monoCT, 2.6/5.1 months; polyCT 3.4/6.3 months; ramucirumab+CT, 4.1/6.5 months; platinum-reintroduction, 4.2/6.7 months, and for the HER2+ subgroup in particular, trastuzumab+CT, 5.2/11.7 months. Correlation between PFS since first-line and OS was moderate in the series as a whole (Kendall's τ = 0.613), lower in those subjects who received second-line (Kendall's τ = 0.539), especially with ramucirumab+CT (Kendall's τ = 0.413). This analysis reveals the diversity in second-line treatment for AGC, highlighting the effectiveness of paclitaxel-ramucirumab and, for a selected subgroup of patients, platinum reintroduction; both strategies endorsed by recent clinical guidelines