PRODUCTIVITY OF DILL ( ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.) AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURE RATES AND SOURCES

Dill ( Anethum graveolens L.) plants were cultivated during two successive seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). The experimental were conducting at the Experimental Farm, National Research Center (NRC), Egypt, to study the effect of different combination of organic fertilizers such as chicken and sheep manure and its rates on dill ( Anethum graveolens L.) plants. The obtained results indicated that, treated plants with different combination of organic fertilizers and its rates resulted in a significant increase in growth and yield characters , i.e. plant height, branch number, leaf number, umbel number, fresh weight, dry weight and fruit yield / plant in comparison with control plants. Chemical composition analysis of treated plants showed an increase in the essential oil percentage and main components (Carvone (R) and Limonene) of essential oil extracted from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) fruits. Treated plants showed a decreases in the heavy metals content in the plant tissues comparison to untreated plants. Also these results indicated that the application of organic manure reduced the harmful effects of hazardous heavy metal

Functional and genetic evidence that nucleoside transport is highly conserved in Leishmania species: Implications for pyrimidine-based chemotherapy

Leishmania pyrimidine salvage is replete with opportunities for therapeutic intervention with enzyme inhibitors or antimetabolites. Their uptake into cells depends upon specific transporters; therefore it is essential to establish whether various Leishmania species possess similar pyrimidine transporters capable of drug uptake. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of pyrimidine transport in L. major and L. mexicana. In both species, two transporters for uridine/adenosine were detected, one of which also transported uracil and the antimetabolites 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) and 5F,2′deoxyuridine (5F,2′dUrd), and was designated uridine-uracil transporter 1 (UUT1); the other transporter mediated uptake of adenosine, uridine, 5F,2′dUrd and thymidine and was designated Nucleoside Transporter 1 (NT1). To verify the reported L. donovani model of two NT1-like genes encoding uridine/adenosine transporters, and an NT2 gene encoding an inosine transporter, we cloned the corresponding L. major and L. mexicana genes, expressing each in T. brucei. Consistent with the L. donovani reports, the NT1-like genes of either species mediated the adenosine-sensitive uptake of [3H]-uridine but not of [3H]-inosine. Conversely, the NT2-like genes mediated uptake of [3H]-inosine but not [3H]-uridine. Among pyrimidine antimetabolites tested, 5-FU and 5F,2′dUrd were the most effective antileishmanials; resistance to both analogs was induced in L. major and L. mexicana. In each case it was found that the resistant cells had lost the transport capacity for the inducing drug. Metabolomics analysis found that the mechanism of action of 5-FU and 5F-2′dUrd was similar in both Leishmania species, with major changes in deoxynucleotide metabolism. We conclude that the pyrimidine salvage system is highly conserved in Leishmania species - essential information for the development of pyrimidine-based chemotherapy

Prediction of surface roughness in hard milling of AISI D2 tool steel

This paper presents a study of the development of a surface roughness model in end milling of hardened steel AISI D2 using PVD TiAIN coated carbide cutting tool. The hardness of AISI D2 tool lies within the range of 56-58 HRe. The independent variables or the primary machining parameters selected for this experiment were the cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. First and second order models were developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Experiments were conducted within specified ranges of the parameters. Design-Expert 6.0 software was used to develop the surface roughness equations as the predictive models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence interval has indicated that the models are valid in predicting the surface roughness of the part machined under specified condition

Amidoxime Functionalization of Algal/Polyethyleneimine Beads for the Sorption of Sr(II) from Aqueous Solutions

International audienceThere is a need for developing new sorbents that incorporate renewable resources for the treatment of metal-containing solutions. Algal-polyethyleneimine beads (APEI) (reinforced with alginate) are functionalized by grafting amidoxime groups (AO-APEI). Physicochemical characteristics of the new material are characterized using FTIR, XPS, TGA, SEM, SEM-EDX, and BET. AO-APEI beads are tested for the recovery of Sr(II) from synthetic solutions after pH optimization (≈ pH 6). Uptake kinetics is fast (equilibrium ≈ 60-90 min). Sorption isotherm (fitted by the Langmuir equation) shows remarkable sorption capacity (≈ 189 mg Sr g −1). Sr(II) is desorbed using 0.2 M HCl/0.5 M CaCl 2 solution; sorbent recycling over five cycles shows high stability in terms of sorption/desorption performances. The presence of competitor cations is studied in relation to the pH; the selectivity for Sr(II) is correlated to the softness parameter. Finally, the recovery of Sr(II) is carried out in complex solutions (seawater samples): AO-APEI is remarkably selective over highly concentrated metal cations such as Na(I), K(I), Mg(II), and Ca(II), with weaker selectivity over B(I) and As(V). AO-APEI appears to be a promising material for selective recovery of strontium from complex solutions (including seawater)

Effects of Introducing Different Levels of Groundnut Hay Treated with Urea and Molasses on Performance of Desert Lambs (Hammari Ecotype)

Non-traditional agricultural by-products are a potentially valuable alternative source of animal feed which may decrease dependence on traditional feed products and decrease overall feeding costs. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using groundnut hay in lambs fattening. Groundnut hay was used at three levels (0, 20 and 30%) in three iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets (A, B and C). Twenty seven male lambs of Sudanese Desert sheep (Hamari ecotype) were selected according to their age (4-5months) and average live body weight (20.5Kg) and they were kept in Rural Development and Extension Center (R.D.E.C). The experimental feed includes three different levels of groundnut hay treated with urea and molasses (0, 20 and 30 %). Experimental animals were fed for 60 days included two weeks as adaptation periods. All the data was collected and statistically analyzed by using statistical package for Social Studies (SPSS version 17.0). an A Completely Randomized Design (CRD). One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncans multiple range were used to test for difference among the treatments means. The study showed a significant differences (P>0.05) among different treatments for average values of final live body weight gain(FLBWG), total live body weight gain(TLBWG), daily live body weight gain(DLBWG), feed conversion rate(FCR), feed conversion rate as % of live body weight gain, cost of one kg feed and cost of one kg live weight per (SG). While initial live body weight (ILBW) and daily feed intake (DFI) showed no significant differences (P>0.05) among different treatments. Treatment A (control) reported the highest and best values of final live body weight, daily weight gain, cost of one kg feed, and cost of one kg live weight followed by treatment B (%20) while treatment C (30%) reported the lowest values so, we recommend to use groundnut hay up to 20% for finishing desert lamb.&nbsp

Modeling of surface roughness during end milling of AISI H13 hardened tool steel

Hard machining, a frequently used term in today’s machine tool industries, refers to the machining of material with a hardness value over 45 HRC. The concept of hard machining was developed in 80s; however, the prevalent industrial implementation of hard part machining was adopted during the last decade [1]. Advantages in hard machining incorporate the complete machining process with a single fixture setup, eliminating intermediate heat treatment and final grinding process while still meeting the dimensional and surface roughness specifications [2]. The widespread demand of hardened tool steel like AISI H13 requires high speed machining (HSM). Over the last decade, HSM has been used to manufacture molds/dies made from AISI H13. Many progressive works have been carried out to improve the high speed machining performance of H13. However, despite the significant importance of surface finish most of the machining researchers to date have concentrated on chip morphology, tool life and wear mechanism. In hard part machining, surface finish is a major quality criterion. With an accurate level of roughness it is possible to eliminate final grinding process, sometime even the hand polishing [3]. Considering its importance some researchers conducted their studies on surface quality during hard machining. Choudhury at el. [4] applied Taguchi method for the prediction of surface roughness during the end milling of AISI H13 tool steel and found that roughness value tends to decrease with increasing cutting speed and decreasing feed rate. El-Baradie [5] drew similar conclusion on cutting speed. He observed that increase of cutting speed maximizes productivity, at the same time, it improves surface quality. However, in all of the above cases and other works related to the surface roughness study it was found that the lowest achievable surface finish was only 0.2 μm. at high cutting speed mode. In most of the cases roughness values were sufficiently high to fall in the grinding region (above 0.2 to 0.4 μm). Moreover, material removal rate was limited for using lower radial depth of cut and feed per tooth (Rd = 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm and f = 0.10 mm/tooth). In this context, considering the influence of surface finish on mold/die for net shape manufacturing, current paper deals with the performance of PCBN and PVD-TiAlN coated carbide tool inserts in terms of surface roughness during the end milling of H13 hardened tool steel (52 HRC). In this regard, mathematical models based on the experimental results were developed in order to predict the surface finish during the end milling of H13 hardened tool steel

Development of tool life prediction model of TiAlN coated tools during the high speed hard milling of AISI H13 steel

Considering the demand for reduced cycle time and increased productivity hard turning and milling have become a useful alternative when high material removal rate is an immense requirement. Advantages in hard machining incorporate the complete machining process with a single fixture setup, eliminating intermediate heat treatment and final grinding process while still meeting the dimensional and surface roughness specifications [1]. Over the last decade high speed machining has been used extensively to produce mould and die from hardened material like AISI H13 tool steel. Many progressive works have been carried out to improve the high speed machining performance of H13. Despite the widespread adoption of milling process in fabricating mould and die, most of the research works till to date concentrated on hard turning. J. J. Junz Wang & M. Y. Zheng, 2003 et al [1], illustrated the machining characteristics of AISI H13 tool steels of hardness 41 and 20 HRC and found that the higher cutting and frictional energies are required in the chip shearing as well as in the nose ploughing processes of the softer tool steel. Poulachon et al. [2] , showed that the major influencing parameter on tool-wear happens to be the presence of carbides in the steel microstructure. Ghani et al. [3] applied Taguchi method to optimize cutting parameters in end milling of H13 steel at high speed cutting. They found that feed and depth of cut possess the most significant effect over tool life for a given range of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. Recently with the advent of new fabrication and coating technology, tool insert like TiAlN coated carbide is receiving increasing attention from both industrial and research communities. Coated carbide tools enjoy lower price than CBN tools, (normally used for hard machining) but have a shorter tool life with lower material removal in comparison to PCBN. Early prediction of tool wear during high speed machining by coated carbide is quite important since high tool wear has an adverse effect on surface finish, which is considered to be the major quality criterion of finished part. In this context, in present study, an appropriate model for effective prediction of tool life has been developed during the high speed end milling of H13 tool steel using PVD-TiAlN coated tool inserts. RSM is a statistical method that combines design of experiments, regression analysis and statistical inferences [4]. RSM also reduces total number of trials needed to generate the experimental data in order to response model. The application of RSM in machining parameter optimization was first reported to be used by SM.Wu, 1965. Since then many researchers have been using this technique to design their experiments and model the responses. Alauddin et al. [5] used RSM to optimise the surface finish in end milling of Inconel 718 under dry condition. They developed contours to select a combination of cutting speed, and feed without increasing the surface roughness. Öktem et al. [6] incorporated RSM with developed genetic algorithm to optimize cutting parameters for better surface quality in case of Inconel 718. S. Saikumar and M. S. Shunmugam et al. [7] also combined RSM with differential evolution and genetic algorithms to draw a comparison between these methods. In current study, the model has been developed by RSM in terms of cutting speed (v), feed (f) and axial depth of cut (a). Experimental runs were designed based on the principles of central composite design (CCD) of RSM. Tool life data collected from the experimental trials were used to formulate the RSM models

Effect of Substituting Soybean Meal with Moringa oleifera Meal on the Growth and Body Composition of Labeo rohita Fingerlings

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

In vivo analgesic effect of aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica L. fruits.

To study the effects of Tamarindus indica L. aqueous fruit extract on the antinociceptive activities in rodent models. Methods: The analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin tests. Results: The extract (60–600 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the writhing test in a dose-dependent manner with the percentage of analgesia recorded between 51.8 and 74.1%. In addition, the extract also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the latency time in the hot plate test in a dose-dependent manner. Further study showed that the extract elicited inhibitory activity in both the early and late phases of the formalin test. Moreover, pretreatment with 5 mg/kg naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, significantly (p < 0.05) modified the antinociceptive effect of the extract in all tests. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of T. indica possesses potential antinociceptive activity at both the peripheral and central levels, which are mediated via activation of the opioidergic mechanism