Estabilidade da caranha em diferentes períodos de armazenamento

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do tempo de armazenamento na qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial do pescado caranha (Piaractusmesopotamicus). Os pescados foram estocados em gelo durante zero, sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias e submetidos às contagens de micro-organismos mesófilos, psicrotróficos, coliformes a 35ºC e 45ºC, Salmonella sp. e estafilococos coagulase positiva. Foram realizadas análises de temperatura, pH, acidez, bases voláteis, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas, umidade, prova de cocção, bem como análise sensorial. As contagens de mesófilos, psicrotróficos, coliformes a 35ºC e 45ºC aumentaram com o tempo de armazenamento. A presença de Salmonella sp. não foi constatada, enquanto a contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva foi de <10 (est) UFC/g em todos os períodos de estocagem. Observou-se, ainda, que o tempo de armazenamento apresentou influência em todas as variáveis físico-químicas, exceto para temperatura. Na análise sensorial, foi constatado um aumento linear do índice de qualidade (IQ) ao longo do armazenamento, e a rejeição ocorreu aos 14 dias

Dwarf Silver Banana Post-harvest Anthracnose Control With Fungicides And Under Refrigeration [controle Pós-colheita Da Antracnose Da Banana -prata Anã Tratada Com Fungicidas E Mantida Sob Refrigeração]

Anthracnose is one of the main post-harvest disease of the banana, caused by different physiological races of Colletotrichum musae. It manifests itself mostly in ripe fruits, threatening its quality. Its appearance is related to the inadequate handling, absence of chemical control in field, and cooling. Application of chemical products is usually done during the processing, but it is important to point out that it can be done while the fruit is still in the field. This work had as an objective to verify the effect post-harvest application of fungicides to control anthracnose in Dwarf Silver bananas, stored at 20°C and 12°C. To that end, the influence of the thiabendazole and imazalil fungicides was tested on Colletotrichum musae. In the tests we employed Dwarfed Silver isolates of cultivars FHIA 02 and ST 4208 inoculated in Dwarfed Silver bananas. The evaluations were done every 3 days, by measuring the size of injuries (mm2). The inoculated fruits were discarded in the stage 7 of maturation (yellow with brown tips). The most efficient treatments in disease control were those in which the bananas were treated with the thiabendazole fungicide. The difference in relation to the pathogenicity of the isolates used, demonstrated the specificity of the cultivar.34410041008Chillet, M., de Bellaire, L.L., Dorel, M., Joas, J., Dubois, C., Marchal, J., Perrier, X., Evidence for the variation in susceptibility of bananas to wound anthracnose due to Colletotrichum musae and the influence of edaphic conditions (2000) Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, 86, pp. 33-47Couto, E.F., Menezes, M., (2004) Caracterização Fisiomorfológica De Isolados De C. Musae. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 29, pp. 406-412. , BrasíliaKimati, H., Amorim, L., Rezende, J.A.M., Bergamim, F.A., Camargo, L.E.A., (2005) Manual De Fitopatologia: Doenças Das Plantas Cultivadas, 2, p. 663. , São Paulo: CeresLima, L.C., de Castro, M.V., de Dias, M.S.C., Martins, R.M., Silva, D.F., Costa, S., Ribeiro Jr., P.M., Bresinski, T.L., (2001) Conservação Póscolheita De Banana Prata Anã Produzida Na Região De Minas Gerais, pp. 272-274. , In: SIMPÓSIO NORTE MINEIRO SOBRE A CULTURA DA BANANA, 1., 2001, Nova Porteirinha. Anais... Nova Porteirinha: EpamigLima, L.C., Dias, M.S.C., de Castro, M.V., Ribeiro Jr., P.M., de Silva, E.B., Controle da antracnose e qualidade de mangas (Mangifera indica L.) cv. haden, após tratamento hidrotémico e armazenamento refrigerado em atmosfera modificada Ciência E Agrotecnologia, 31 (2), pp. 298-304. , mar./ abr., 2007Lima, F.R.M., Oliveira, S.M.A., Menezes, M., Caracterização enzimática e patogenicidade cruzada de Colletotrichum spp. associados a doenças de póscolheita Fitopatologia Brasileira, (28), pp. 620-625. , Brasília, nov./dez. 2003de Nolasco, C.A., Salomão, L.C.C., Cecon, P.R., Bruckner, C.H., ROCHA, A.Qualidade póscolheita de banana 'Prata' tratada por hidrotermia Ciência E Agrotecnologia, 32 (5), pp. 1575-1581. , set./ out., 2008Peres, N.A.R., Kuramae, E.E., de Dias, M.S.C., de Souza, N.L., Identification e characterization of Colletotrichum spp. affeting fruit after harvest in Brazil (2002) Journal of Phytopathology, 150, pp. 128-134. , OxfordTuite, J., (1969) Plant Pathological Methods: Fungi and Bacteria, p. 239. , Mineapolis: BurgessVentura, J.A., Hinz, R.H., Controle das doenças da bananeira (2002) Controle De Doenças De Plantas Fruteiras, pp. 839-926. , In: ZAMBOLIN, L.VALE, F.X.R. doMONTEIRO, A.J.A.COSTA, H, Viçosa, MG: UF

Stabilityof the caranhain differentstorage periods

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the influence of storage time on the microbiological, physical-chemical, and sensorial quality of the fish (Piaractusmesopotamicus). The fish were stored on ice for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and submitted to counts of mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliform microorganisms at 35ºC and 45ºC, Salmonella sp. and coagulase positive staphylococci. Analyzes of temperature, pH, acidity, volatile bases, proteins, lipids, ashes, humidity, cooking test, as well as sensorial analysis were performed. Counts of mesophiles, psychrotrophic, coliforms at 35°C and 45°C increased with storage time. The presence of Salmonella sp. was not observed, whereas the coagulase positive Staphylococcus count was <10 (est) CFU/g in all storage periods. It was also observed that the storage time had influence on all physical-chemical variables, except for temperature. In the sensorial analysis, a linear increase of the quality index (IQ) was verified throughout the storage and the rejection occurred at 14 days.</p><p></p

Preserving accuracy in GenBank

GenBank, the public repository for nucleotide and protein sequences, is a critical resource for molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and ecology. While some attention has been drawn to sequence errors, common annotation errors also reduce the value of this database. In fact, for organisms such as fungi, which are notoriously difficult to identify, up to 20% of DNA sequence records may have erroneous lineage designations in GenBank. Gene function annotation in protein sequence databases is similarly error-prone. Because identity and function of new sequences are often determined by bioinformatic analyses, both types of errors are propagated into new accessions, leading to long-term degradation of the quality of the database. Currently, primary sequence data are annotated by the authors of those data, and can only be reannotated by the same authors. This is inefficient and unsustainable over the long term as authors eventually leave the field. Although it is possible to link third-party databases to GenBank records, this is a short-term solution that has little guarantee of permanence. Similarly, the current third-party annotation option in GenBank (TPA) complicates rather than solves the problem by creating an identical record with a new annotation, while leaving the original record unflagged and unlinked to the new record. Since the origin of public zoological and botanical specimen collections, an open system of cumulative annotation has evolved, whereby the original name is retained, but additional opinion is directly appended and used for filing and retrieval. This was needed as new specimens and analyses allowed for reevaluation of older specimens and the original depositors became unavailable. The time has come for the public sequence database to incorporate a community-curated, cumulative annotation process that allows third parties to improve the annotations of sequences when warranted by published peer-reviewed analyses.Fil: Bidartondo, Martin I.. Imperial College London; Reino Unido. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino UnidoFil: Bruns, Thomas D.. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Blackwell, Meredith. Louisiana State University; Estados UnidosFil: Edwards, Ivan. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Taylor, Andy F. S.. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SueciaFil: Bianchinotti, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Padamsee, Mahajabeen. University of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Callac, Philippe. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Lima, Nelson. Universidade do Minho; PortugalFil: White, Merlin M.. Boise State University; Estados UnidosFil: Barreau Daly, Camila. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Juncai, M. A.. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de ChinaFil: Buyck, Bart. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; FranciaFil: Rabeler, Richard K.. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Liles, Mark R.. Auburn University; Estados UnidosFil: Estes, Dwayne. Austin Peay State University; Estados UnidosFil: Carter, Richard. Valdosta State University; Estados UnidosFil: Herr Jr., J. M.. University of South Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Chandler, Gregory. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Kerekes, Jennifer. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Cruse Sanders, Jennifer. Salem College Herbarium; Estados UnidosFil: Galán Marquez, R.. Universidad de Alcalá; EspañaFil: Horak, Egon. Zurich Herbarium; SuizaFil: Fitzsimons, Michael. University of Chicago; Estados UnidosFil: Döering, Heidi. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino UnidoFil: Yao, Su. China Center of Industrial Culture Collection; ChinaFil: Hynson, Nicole. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Ryberg, Martin. University Goteborg; SueciaFil: Arnold, A. E.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Hughes, Karen. University of Tennessee; Estados Unido