Alternatives for avoiding degradation in ecological wine

Organic wines are prone to suffer from oxidative degradation due to the restrictions in the winemaking. This work studies the influence of different chemical routes, due to thermal and oxidative processes, in the wine aromatic profile. The resistance to these processes after the addition of compounds with a presumably antioxidant capacity was evaluated. Ascorbic acid, resveratrol, calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and the polyphenols: gallic acid, epicatechin and caffeic acid, were tested. The oxidative estate by cyclic voltammetry, aromatic composition and general profiles and sensorial analysis were performed; obtaining interesting differences depending on the applied treatment. All samples gave a characteristic voltammetry signal; showing a remarkable decrease in the current intensity on those samples that suffer a deeper degradation. Regarding the chemical analysis results, the application of the metal chelator EDTA, apart from the SO2 treatment, might be of interest to partly reduce the oxidative effect. Sensory differences were only found in samples treated with SO2 and those that had the addition of polyphenols, due to the appearance in these last samples of a strong vegetable aroma not perceptible in the other treatments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mechanisms underlying gas exchange alterations in an experimental model of pulmonary embolism

The aim of the present study was to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio that contributes to hypoxemia in pulmonary embolism by analyzing blood gases and volumetric capnography in a model of experimental acute pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolization with autologous blood clots was induced in seven pigs weighing 24.00 ± 0.6 kg, anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Significant changes occurred from baseline to 20 min after embolization, such as reduction in oxygen partial pressures in arterial blood (from 87.71 ± 8.64 to 39.14 ± 6.77 mmHg) and alveolar air (from 92.97 ± 2.14 to 63.91 ± 8.27 mmHg). The effective alveolar ventilation exhibited a significant reduction (from 199.62 ± 42.01 to 84.34 ± 44.13) consistent with the fall in alveolar gas volume that effectively participated in gas exchange. The relation between the alveolar ventilation that effectively participated in gas exchange and cardiac output (V Aeff/Q ratio) also presented a significant reduction after embolization (from 0.96 ± 0.34 to 0.33 ± 0.17 fraction). The carbon dioxide partial pressure increased significantly in arterial blood (from 37.51 ± 1.71 to 60.76 ± 6.62 mmHg), but decreased significantly in exhaled air at the end of the respiratory cycle (from 35.57 ± 1.22 to 23.15 ± 8.24 mmHg). Exhaled air at the end of the respiratory cycle returned to baseline values 40 min after embolism. The arterial to alveolar carbon dioxide gradient increased significantly (from 1.94 ± 1.36 to 37.61 ± 12.79 mmHg), as also did the calculated alveolar (from 56.38 ± 22.47 to 178.09 ± 37.46 mL) and physiological (from 0.37 ± 0.05 to 0.75 ± 0.10 fraction) dead spaces. Based on our data, we conclude that the severe arterial hypoxemia observed in this experimental model may be attributed to the reduction of the V Aeff/Q ratio. We were also able to demonstrate that V Aeff/Q progressively improves after embolization, a fact attributed to the alveolar ventilation redistribution induced by hypocapnic bronchoconstriction.1197120

Zeolite Beta membranes for the separation of hexane isomers

The preparation of a-alumina supported zeolite Beta membranes was successfully achieved and sped up by exploring combinations of three seeding techniques and three synthetic methods. The surface of the membranes was completely covered by well intergrown crystals; the thickness of the zeolite layers ranged from 2 to 6 lm depending on the synthesis method used. The quality of the membranes was tested by means of pervaporation of ethanol/1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) mixtures together with permporometry experiments. The performance in the vapour separation of quaternary equimolar mixtures of nhexane (nHEX), 3-methylpentane (3MP), 2,3-dimethylbutane (23DMB) and 2,2-dimethylbutane (22DMB) in the range 343–443 K showed that permeate flux decreases as the branching degree increases following the order: nHEX 3MP > 23DMB > 22DMB. In the retentate, the fractions of monobranched and normal hexane decrease while the concentration of dibranched isomers is increased compared to the feed composition. The influence of the temperature in the permeation fluxes indicates the existence of an activated transport mechanism which favours the permeation of more nHEX and 3MP with regard to their dibranched isomers. The octane number (ON) of the quaternary mixture was enhanced up to 5 points with the best synthesized membrane

Zeolite Beta Membranes for the Octane Upgrading of C5/C6 Light Naphta

The zeolite Beta membranes were prepared by secondary growth method in asymmetric tubular Al2O3 supports (Inocermic GmbH, Germany), combining three different types of seeding techniques and crystallization conditions. Figure 1 show SEM micrographs of a typical non-calcined beta membrane synthesized in this work (cross section view). The vapour permeation experiments performed in the apparatus shown in Figure 2 with mixtures of nHEX, 3MP, 23DMB and 22DMB show that permeate flux increase as the degree of branching decreases following the order: nHEX>>3MP>23DMB>22DMB. Approximately one third of the feed stream cross the membranes. Figure 3 shows that in the retentate stream the fractions of monobranched and normal hexane isomers (low RON compounds) decrease while the concentration of dibranched isomers (high RON compounds) is increased in relation to the equimolar feed composition. Consequently, the RON can be boosted in retentate up to 3.8 points. These results demonstrate the potential of the zeolite beta membranes for application in the production of additive-free premium gasoline

Key odorants of the typical aroma of Sherry vinegar

A representative Sherry vinegar was analysed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Two GC-O techniques were used targeting compounds with impact on the perceived quality of Sherry vinegar, i.e. detection frequency and aroma extract dilution analysis. A total of 108 aromatic notes were detected and 64 of them were identified. Diacetyl, isoamyl acetate, acetic acid, and sotolon reached the highest frequency and flavour dilution (FD) factors. Ethyl acetate accounted for the maximum frequency but had only a FD factor of 4. Similarity tests were performed between the Sherry vinegar and model solutions of all possible combinations of these compounds. The highest value from the similarity test was observed when diacetyl, ethyl acetate and sotolon were added simultaneously. The profile of this model solution and the representative Sherry vinegar showed a good similarity in the general aroma description, which emphasises the important contribution of these 3 compounds to the global aroma of this vinegar

Suicide Pact

Objective: To determine the time of diagnosis of typical orofacial clefts in different Brazilian regions and its influence on age at surgical correction. Method: This was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in medical centers in the Southeast, South, and Northeast of Brazil. Trained speech therapists and geneticists interviewed the parents of affected children using a previously validated questionnaire. Epi-Info and SPSS were used for data analysis. Significance level was set at 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The sample consisted of 215 interviews conducted in the following regions: 21.9% (47) in the Southeast, 51.1% (110) in the South, and 27% (58) in the Northeast. Monthly family income was higher in the Southeast (p ≤ 0.05). Cleft lip and palate were found in 61.4% (132) of cases, cleft palate in 20.9% (45), and cleft lip in 17.7% (38). Diagnosis occurred in the maternity ward in 75.3% (162) of cases, during the prenatal period in 14% (30), and after hospital discharge in 10.2% (22). The Southeast had a higher frequency of prenatal diagnosis (27.7%), possibly related to greater purchasing power in this region and greater availability of prenatal investigation. Of all cases diagnosed in the maternity ward, 74.4% occurred in the Northeast. However, no significant difference was found when comparing time of diagnosis, region, and age at first surgery. Conclusion: Considering that diagnosis is more common in the maternity ward, local health care teams should be trained in order to effectively improve the initial care of these patients. Although time of diagnosis did not affect age at surgery, it favors the planning of neonatal care and treatment of affected infants. Copyright © 2011 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.873225230Wyszynski, D.F., (2002) Cleft Lip and Palate: From Origin to Treatment, , New York: Oxford University PressMoore, K.L., Persaud, T.V., The Pharyngeal (Branchial) Apparatus (1998) The Developing Human Clinically Oriented Embryology, pp. 215-256. , Moore KL, Persaud TV. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB SaundersMossey, P.A., Little, J., Epidemiology of oral clefts: An international perspective (2002) Cleft Lip and Palate: from Origin to Treatment, pp. 127-158. , Wyszynski DF, editor. New York: Oxford University PressGlobal strategies to reduce the healthcare burden of craniofacial anomalies (2002) Report of WHO Meetings on International Collaborative Research on Craniofacial Anomalies, , Word Health Organization. Geneva: WHOStoll, C., Alembik, Y., Dott, B., Roth, M.P., Associated malformations in cases with oral clefts (2000) Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 37 (1), pp. 41-47Marazita, M.L., Mooney, M.P., Current concepts in the embryology and genetics of cleft lip and cleft palate (2004) Clin Plast Surg, 31, pp. 125-140Cohen Jr., M.M., Gorlin, R.J., Fraser, F.C., Craniofacial Disorders (1997) Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics, pp. 1121-1148. , Rimoin DL, Connor JM, Pyeritz RE, Korf BR, editors. New York: Churchill LivingstoneShprintzen, R.J., Siegel-Sadewitz, V.L., Amato, J., Goldberg, R.B., Anomalies associated with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both (1985) American Journal of Medical Genetics, 20 (4), pp. 585-595. , DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320200404Offerdal, K., Jebens, N., Syvertsen, T., Blaas, H.G., Johansen, O.J., Eik-Nes, S.H., Prenatal ultrasound detection of facial clefts: A prospective study of 49,314 deliveries in a non-selected population in Norway (2008) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 31, pp. 639-646Russell, K.A., Allen, V.M., MacDonald, M.E., Smith, K., Dodds, L., A population-based evaluation of antenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts (2008) Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 45 (2), pp. 148-153. , DOI 10.1597/06-202.1Bunduki, V., Ruano, R., Sapienza, A.D., Hanaoka, B.Y., Zugaib, M., Diagnóstico pré-natal de fenda labial e palatina: Experiência de 40 casos (2001) RBGO, 23, pp. 561-566Grandjean, H., Larroque, D., Levi, S., The performance of routine ultrasonographic screening of pregnancies in the Eurofetus Study (1999) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 181 (2), pp. 446-454. , DOI 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70577-6Amstalden-Mendes, L.G., Magna, L.A., Gil-da-Silva-Lopes, V.L., Neonatal care of infants with cleft lip and/or palate: Feeding orientation and evolution of weight gain in a nonspecialized Brazilian hospital (2007) Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 44 (3), pp. 329-334. , DOI 10.1597/05-177Reid, J., A review of feeding interventions for infants with cleft palate (2004) Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 41 (3), pp. 268-278. , DOI 10.1597/02-148.1Shaw, W.C., Semb, G., Nelson, P., Brattström, V., Molsted, K., Prahl- Andersen, B., The Eurocleft Project 1996-2000: Overview (2001) J Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, 29, pp. 131-140Chitty, L.S., Griffin, D.R., Anormalidades do lábio e do palato fetal: Diagnóstico ultra-sonográfico (2005) Tratamento de Fissura Labial e Fenda Palatina, pp. 107-116. , Watson AC, Sell DA, Grunwell P. São Paulo: Editora SantosHabel, A., O papel do pediatra (2005) Tratamento de Fissura Labial e Fenda Palatina, pp. 123-135. , Watson AC, Sell DA, Grunwell P. São Paulo: Editora SantosRibeiro-Roda, S., Gil-da-Silva-Lopes, V.L., Aspectos odontológicos das fendas labiopalatinas e orientações para cuidados básicos (2008) Rev Cienc Med, 17, pp. 95-103Monlleo, I.L., Gil-da-Silva-Lopes, V.L., Craniofacial anomalies: Description and evaluation of treatment under the Brazilian Unified Health System (2006) Cadernos de Saude Publica, 22 (5), pp. 913-922. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/csp/v22n5/04.pdfLoffredo, L.C., Freitas, J.A., Grigolli, A.A., Prevalência das fissuras orais de 1975 a 1994 (2001) Rev Saude Publica, 35, pp. 571-575Nunes, L.M., Queluz, D.P., Pereira, A.C., Prevalência de fissuras labiopalatais no município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 1999-2004 (2007) Rev Bras Epidemiol, 10, pp. 109-116Cerqueira, M.N., Teixeira, S.C., Naressi, S.C., Ferrreira, A.P., Ocorrência de fissuras labiopalatais na cidade de São José dos Campos-SP (2005) Rev Bras Epidemiol, 8, pp. 161-166Di Ninno, C.Q., Santos, P.G., Bueno, M.G., Syrio, I.M., A influência da época do diagnóstico das fissuras labiopalatinas (2006) Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol, 11, pp. 75-81Jones, M.C., Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate: Detection rates, accuracy of ultrasonography, associated anomalies and strategies for counseling (2002) Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 39, pp. 169-173Johnson, N., Sandy, J.R., Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate (2003) Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 40 (2), pp. 186-189. , DOI 10.1597/1545-1569(2003)0402.0.CO;2Bradbury, E., Bannister, P., Aconselhamento pré-natal, perinatal e pós-natal (2005) Tratamento de Fissura Labial e Fenda Palatina, pp. 117-122. , Watson AC, Sell DA, Grunwell P. São Paulo: Editora SantosDi Ninno, C.Q., Gomes, R.O., Santos, P.G., Bueno, M.G., Galvão, D.A., Meira, A.L., O conhecimento de profissionais da área da saúde sobre fissura labiopalatina (2004) Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol, 9, pp. 93-101Schardosim, L.R., Nogueira, D.A., Bosco, V.L., Pereima, M.J., Bebês portadores de fissura labiopalatal: Satisfação dos pais com as orientações recebidas dos profissionais (2004) JBP Rev Ibero-am Odontopediatr Odontol Bebe, 7, pp. 568-573Amstalden-Mendes, L.G., Gil-da-Silva-Lopes, V.L., Fenda de lábio e ou palato: Recursos para alimentação antes da correção cirúrgica (2006) Rev Cienc Med, 15, pp. 437-448. , CampinasVieira, G.O., Martins, C.C., Vieira, T.O., De Oliveira, N.F., Silva, L.R., Factors predicting early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of life (2010) J Pediatr, 86, pp. 441-444. , Rio

Developing pressure swing adsorption process for biogas upgrading using shaped MIL-160(Al)

In this study, regarding the increasing interest on renewable sources of energy as well as considering the challenges of climate changes, the potential of shaped MOF MIL-160 (Al) for biogas upgrading has been evaluated. Accordingly, firstly the breakthrough assessments of CO2 and CH4 adsorption onto this sorbents were studied. Afterwards, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process to this end was designed and developed. The results showed MIL-160(Al) has an excellent potential for biogas upgrading concerning CO2 and CH4 separation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influência de herbicidas na atividade fotossintética de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar em campo os efeitos de herbicidas sobre a atividade fotossintética de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento em blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas principais alocaram-se os herbicidas ametryn (2.000 g ha-1), trifloxysulfuron-sodium (22,5 g ha 1), a mistura de ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1.463 + 37,0 g ha-1) e uma testemunha capinada. Nas subparcelas foram avaliados seis genótipos de cana-de-açúcar (RB72454, RB835486, RB855113, RB867515, RB947520 e SP80-1816). Aos 70 dias após o plantio e 15 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas, foram realizadas as avaliações da taxa de fluxo de gases pelos estômatos (U - μmol s-1), concentração de CO2 subestomática (Ci = μmol mol-1), taxa fotossintética (A - μmol m 2 s-1) e CO2 consumido (ΔC - μmol mol-1), na primeira folha da cana-de-açúcar com a lígula visível (dewlap visível). O ametryn causou danos significativos nas características fisiológicas ligadas à atividade fotossintética da cana-de-açúcar, em comparação com o trifloxysulfuron-sodium. Os genótipos de cana-de-açúcar apresentam sensibilidade diferencial aos herbicidas. Os mais suscetíveis ao ametryn foram o RB835486 e RB867515, e os mais tolerantes, o RB72454, RB855113, RB947520 e SP80-1816. Quanto às características avaliadas, não se observou diferença entre os genótipos tratados com o trifloxysulfuron-sodium e a mistura de ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides on the photosynthetic activity of sugarcane genotypes, under field conditions. An experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with split-plots and four replications.The following herbicides were allocated in the main plot: ametryn (2.000 g ha-1), trifloxysulfuron-sodium (22.5 g ha-1), mixture of ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1,463 + 37 g ha-1) and a hoed treatment without herbicide. In the subplots, six sugarcane genotypes (RB72454, RB835486, RB855113, RB867515, RB947520 and SP80-1816) were allocated. At 70 days after planting and 15 days after herbicide application, evaluations of stomatal gas flow rate (U - μmol s-1), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci - μmol mol-1) , photosynthetic rate (A - μmol m-2 s-1) and CO2 consumed (ΔC - μmol mol-1) were conducted on the first plant leaf with visible ligule. Ametryn caused significant damage to the physiological characteristics related to sugarcane photosynthetic activity compared to the trifloxysulfuron-sodium. Sugarcane genotypes show differential sensitivity to herbicide treatments, with the most susceptible to ametryn being RB835486 and RB867515, and the most tolerant RB72454, RB855113, RB947520, SP80-1816 and RB867515. Regarding the evaluated characteristics, there was no difference between the genotypes treated with trifloxysulfuron- sodium and the mixture of ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium

cis-Acting Complex-Trait-Associated lincRNA Expression Correlates with Modulation of Chromosomal Architecture.

Intergenic long noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are the largest class of transcripts in the human genome. Although many have recently been linked to complex human traits, the underlying mechanisms for most of these transcripts remain undetermined. We investigated the regulatory roles of a high-confidence and reproducible set of 69 trait-relevant lincRNAs (TR-lincRNAs) in human lymphoblastoid cells whose biological relevance is supported by their evolutionary conservation during recent human history and genetic interactions with other trait-associated loci. Their enrichment in enhancer-like chromatin signatures, interactions with nearby trait-relevant protein-coding loci, and preferential location at topologically associated domain (TAD) boundaries provide evidence that TR-lincRNAs likely regulate proximal trait-relevant gene expression in cis by modulating local chromosomal architecture. This is consistent with the positive and significant correlation found between TR-lincRNA abundance and intra-TAD DNA-DNA contacts. Our results provide insights into the molecular mode of action by which TR-lincRNAs contribute to complex human traits

Geochemistry, mineralogy, solid-phase fractionation and oral bioaccessibility of lead in urban soils of Lisbon

An urban survey of Lisbon, the largest city in Portugal, was carried out to investigate its environmental burden, emphasizing metallic elements and their public health impacts. This paper examines the geochemistry of lead (Pb) and its influence on human health data. A total of 51 soil samples were collected from urban recreational areas used by children to play outdoors. The semi-quantitative analysis of Pb was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after an acid digestion. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the soil mineralogy. The solid-phase distribution of Pb in the urban soils was investigated on a subset of 7 soils, out of a total of 51 samples, using a non-specific sequential extraction method coupled with chemometric analysis. Oral bioaccessibility measurements were obtained using the Unified BARGE Method developed by the Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe. The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) investigation of Pb solid-phase distribution; (2) interpretation of Pb oral bioaccessibility measurements; (3) integration of metal geochemistry with human health data; and (4) understanding the influence of geochemistry and mineralogy on oral bioaccessibility. The results show that the bioaccessible fraction of Pb is lower when major metal fractions are associated with less soluble soil phases such as Fe oxyhydroxides, and more increased when the metal is in the highly soluble carbonate phase. However, there is some evidence that the proportion of carbonates in the soil environment is also a key control over the oral bioaccessibility of Pb, irrespective of its solid-phase fractionation