Anticodes and error-correcting for digital data transmission

The work reported in this thesis is an investigation in the field of error-control coding. This subject is concerned with increasing the reliability of digital data transmission through a noisy medium, by coding the transmitted data. In this respect, an extension and development of a method for finding optimum and near-optimum codes, using N.m digital arrays known as anticodes, is established and described. The anticodes, which have opposite properties to their complementary related error-control codes, are disjoined fron the original maximal-length code, known as the parent anticode, to leave good linear block codes. The mathematical analysis of the parent anticode and as a result the mathematical analysis of its related anticodes has given some useful insight into the construction of a large number of optimum and near-optimum anticodes resulting respectively in a large number of optimum and near-optimum codes. This work has been devoted to the construction of anticodes from unit basic (small dimension) anticodes by means of various systematic construction and refinement techniques, which simplifies the construction of the associated linear block codes over a wide range of parameters. An extensive list of these anticodes and codes is given in the thesis. The work also has been extended to the construction of anticodes in which the symbols have been chosen from the elements of the finite field GF(q), and, in particular, a large number of optimum and near-optimum codes over GF(3) have been found. This generalises the concept of anticodes into the subject of multilevel codes

Measuring supply chain complexity based on multi-criteria decision approach

This study identified twenty-two drivers that cause the complexity in supply chain. The level of such complexity is quantified by using hybrid AHP and GRA method. A case company is studied in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The results from the case company were analyzed and it is seen that the level of supply chain complexity of the case company is 0.44, which is signifying that there is a considerable scope of improvement in terms of minimizing complexity in its supply chain. From the study outcomes, it is realized that the case company mainly needs substantial improvement on the issues of “government regulation,” “internal communication and information sharing,” and “company culture” in order to minimize the level of accompanied complexity in its supply chain.©2020 IEOM Society.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Determination of IL-6 and CRP in Patients with Type Two - Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad/ Iraq

يعد داء السكري ((DM Diabetes mellitus المعروف عالميا كمشكلة صحية الذي يؤدي الى الاعتلال و الموت . تتضمن الاضطرابات المناعية للمرض الاستجابة المناعية الخلوية للخلايا اللمفية T- cells التي تساهم في المسار الفسيولوجيPath physiological l لمرض السكري من النوع الثاني (Two- DM)  Diabetes   mellitus . شملت الدراسة (50) فرد تتراوح اعمارهم بين (15-85) سنة الذين حضروا الى مستشفى الكاظمية التعليمي في بغداد وقسمت الافراد الى مجموعتين الاولى تضمنت  (35) مريض  (20 انثى و 15 رجل) والمجموعة الثانية (15) فرد من الاصحاء  كسيطرة . تم فحص انترلوكين 6 - IL و البروتين الفعال C- ((CRP  لكل من مرضى السكري والاصحاء. فقد اشارت الدراسة بعدم وجود اختلاف معنوي(p≥0.05)  بين كل من CRP (-ve-) و CRP (+ve) في الدم السكري وكذلك بوجود اختلاف معنوي (p≥0.05)   في مستويات  الانترلوكين IL 6 - في المرضى السكري والأصحاء. لقد هدفت الدراسة تقييم ومقارنة انترلوكين 6-  ILو البروتين الفعال C- (CRP) في مرضى السكري في المرضى العراقيين في مدينة بغداد.Diabetes mellitus (DM) type Two is a major worldwide health problem leading to an increase mortality and serious morbidity. Immunological disturbances involving the cell mediated immune system and improper-lymphocyte function contributes to the path physiological of type Two- DM. The study consist of 50 subjects, ages ranging between (15-85) years who attended to Al-kazimaih medical hospital in Baghdad/Iraq which divided in to two groups; the first group consists 35 patient  (20 females and 15 male) and the second 15 (5 female and 10 males) normal healthy as a control. The patients with type Two -DM were detected for IL-6 and CRP markers so as for control by ELISA test and agglutination test respectively. The results revealed that’s no significant differences (p≥0.05) between the level of CRP in patients type Two- DM and level of CRP in control. So as there were significant differences (p≤0.05) between the levels of IL-6 concentrations in type Two- DM and control represented by increase of IL- 6 in control than in patients. This study aimed to assess and compare the level of serum IL-6 and CRP in patient of type Two- DM in Iraqi patients in Baghdad city

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in IGFI, IGF-II and IGFBP-II with production traits in breeder hens of Mazandaran native fowls breeding station

The purpose of this study was to detect the polymorphism in IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-II marker loci and their association with body weight at 8 weeks, average egg weight and total number of eggs laid during first 12 weeks after flocks maturity in breeder hens of native fowls. Blood samples were collected randomly from 160 individuals and genomic DNA was extracted using modified salting out method. A set of specific primer pairs were used for amplification of target genomic DNA at each marker loci and polymorphisms were detected using PCR-RFLP method. For IGF-I and IGFBP-II marker loci, allele B was the most frequent allele and ranged from 0.61 to 0.63 while, allele A was identified as a dominant allele in IGF-I marker site due to the highest frequency (0.57). The frequency of AA homozygous genotype was the lowest among all marker loci (0.08), whereas, AB genotype showed the highest frequency (0.61). Analysis of phenotypic data showed that the average egg weight and total number of eggs laid during first 12 weeks after flocks maturity were significantly affected by IGF-II and IGF-I marker loci respectively. No significant associations were observed between IGFBP-II genotypes and production traits. Comparison between detected alleles in the present study with reported allele by other research groups revealed a new allelic pattern for the analyzed marker loci in breeder hens of Mazandaran native fowls breeding station

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING LEVEL ON EFFECTIVE RUMEN DEGRADABILITY OF ALFALFA HAY AND MAIZE SILAGE

Cilj ovog rada bio je ocijeniti djelovanje razine hranidbe (RH) na djelotvornu razgradljivost (DR) u buragu i nestanak in situ kinetike suhe tvari (ST) i neutralna deterdženta vlakna (NDV) sijena lucerne i kukuruzne silaže. Primijenjen je standardni postupak najlonskih vreća za procjenu nestanka suhe tvari i neutralna deterdženta vlakna. Najlonske vreće s uzorcima inkubirane su na 8,16, 24, 48, 72 i 96 sati kanilama u burag četiriju ovaca (wether), a primijenjen je eksponencijalni model Orskova i McDonalda (1979) za izračunavanje kinetike degradacije. Mjerena je razgradljivost u buragu uzoraka krmiva na četiri razine unosa. U kukuruznoj silaži smanjili su se djelotvorna razgradljivost suhe tvari od 56.9% na 40.7% s povećanjem unosa od 1 do 2.5 puta većeg od uzdržnih potreba. Vrijednosti za DR suhe tvari sijena lucerne na razini hranidbe 1, 1.5, 2 i 2.5 u prosjeku su bile 60.3, 55.3, 44.5 i 42.9%. Općenito, DR je bila značajno viša (p>0.01) za RH=1 nego za druge postupke. Isto je primijećeno u NDV degradaciji oba krmiva. Djelotvorna razgradljivost NDV-a smanjila se od 53.08% uz RH 1 do 39.78% uz RH 2.5 u sijenu lucerne i od 42.58% na 32.18% u kukuruznoj silaži. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da se DR suhe tvari i NDF dramatično snizuje kad RH raste više od 2 puta od potreba za uzdržnu energiju.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding level (FL) on effective rumen degradability (ED) and In situ disappearance kinetics of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of alfalfa hay and maize silage. Standard procedure for nylon bags technique was used to estimate ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM) and NDF. Nylon bags containing samples were incubated for 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the rumen of four ruminally cannulated sheep (wether) and the exponential model of Ørskov and McDonald (1979) was used to calculate degradation kinetics. The ruminal degradability of forages samples were measured at four levels of intake. In maize silage, ED of DM decreased from 56.9% to 40.7% as intake increased from 1 to 2.5 times of maintenance. Values for the ED of dry matter of alfalfa hay at FL 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 averaged 60.3, 55.3, 44.5 and 42.9% respectively. In general, ED was significantly (p<0.01) higher at the maintenance level of feeding (FL=1) than for other treatments. The same situation was seen in NDF degradation of both forages. ED of NDF decreased from 53.08% at FL 1 to 39.78% at FL 2.5 in alfalfa hay and from 42.58% to 32.18% in maize silage. The results of this experiment indicated that ED of DM and NDF decreased dramatically when FL increased to more than 2 times of maintenance energ

Attitudes, Perceptions, and Tendencies of the Iranian Students in Medical Fields towards Cheating and Academic Dishonesty

      Background and Objectives: Despite universities initiating different controlling systems, cheating is still rampant and a global phenomena. One side of the problem of cheating involves the attitudes, perceptions and tendencies of the university students towards cheating and academic misconduct. The present survey seeks to elaborate on the above aspects among the students at one of the most important universities in Tehran, Iran. Methods and Sample: The study has benefitted from the translated and validated version of the questionnaire used by Lupton and Chapman (2002). The sample included 386 students studying at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) in Tehran in different fields of medical sciences.  Findings and Discussion: The survey has found some very interesting results on what Iranian university students think of cheating and academic dishonesty, despite all the controlling systems used in assigning homework and initiating mid-term and final exams. Almost 81.1 % of the female students and 85.2 % of male students did not consider “giving the exam answers to someone at the following semester” an act of cheating. Moreover, 72.2 % of students responded that they had not cheated. Interestingly, 65.4 % of the respondents have admitted that they had given information of a previous exam to another student. The results showed that sex did not have any role in cheating and academic dishonesty (p=0.826)

Optic radiation structure and anatomy in the normally developing brain determined using diffusion MRI and tractography

The optic radiation (OR) is a component of the visual system known to be myelin mature very early in life. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and its unique ability to reconstruct the OR in vivo were used to study structural maturation through analysis of DTI metrics in a cohort of 90 children aged 5–18 years. As the OR is at risk of damage during epilepsy surgery, we measured its position relative to characteristic anatomical landmarks. Anatomical distances, DTI metrics and volume of the OR were investigated for age, gender and hemisphere effects. We observed changes in DTI metrics with age comparable to known trajectories in other white matter tracts. Left lateralization of DTI metrics was observed that showed a gender effect in lateralization. Sexual dimorphism of DTI metrics in the right hemisphere was also found. With respect to OR dimensions, volume was shown to be right lateralised and sexual dimorphism demonstrated for the extent of the left OR. The anatomical results presented for the OR have potentially important applications for neurosurgical planning

Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) as an Indicator of Left Ventricular Function, Early Outcome and Mechanical Complications after Acute Myocardial Infarction

Aims This study investigated the prognostic value of B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and its relation with left ventricular function and post-myocardial infarction complications. Methods In this cross-sectional study, plasma BNP level was measured for 42 consecutive patients (mean ± SD: 61.6 ± 10.85 years old) with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI) and 42 healthy, age and gender matched subjects. Result BNP level in AMI patients were significantly higher than control group (@ P < 0.001). Regarding to infarct location, the highest BNP level measured in inferoposterior MI (BNP = 4436.63 ± 6188.159 pg/ml) and the lowest one indicated in standalone inferior MI (BNP = 598.83 ± 309.867 pg/ml ( P = 0.071). There was significant reverse relation between BNP and EF ( P = 0.006, OR = −0.47) and a significant relationship between BNP and killip classification ( P = 0.036). There was no significant relation between diastolic and right-ventricular function and BNP level ( P = 0.61, P = 0.21). The highest BNP level was detected in LV septal rupture and false aneurysm ( P = 0.02) and in ventricular tachycardia, but without significant relationship ( P = 0.25). Conclusion After the onset of AMI, BNP blood level can be used as an important predictor for left ventricular dysfunction, killip classification, early mechanical complications and cardiac death