Preferences in ‘Jalapeño’ pepper attributes: a choice study in Mexico

Background: According to Mexican growers of ‘Jalapeño’ peppers, its commercialization is the primary limitation. Thus, consumer knowledge is critical to develop added-value strategies. The objective of this study was to identify ‘Jalapeño’ quality attributes to determine consumer preferences and willingness to pay, based on socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: A nationwide face-to-face survey was carried out using the discrete choice experiment method. The survey included 1200 consumers stratified by gender, age and region. Results: Heterogeneity analysis using the probabilistic segmentation model revealed three types of consumers: A price-sensitive segment, non-demanding consumers without specific preferences and selective consumers with a preference shifted toward specific ‘Jalapeño’ characteristics. Thus, detail-oriented producers must compete through price strategies, based on the marketplace (markets on wheels, grocery stores, or supermarkets) and through some quality attributes preferred by selective consumers. Therefore, results suggest that farmers should grow the correct varieties with appropriate agronomic management to cope consumer preferences. Conclusions: This paper contributes to the growing body of the ‘Jalapeño’ literature by explicitly investigating consumer preferences and willingness to pay for them.Postprint (published version

La asistencia psiquiátrica en la historia política brasileña

This study analyzes the relationship between psychiatric care and Brazilian political history at different points in time: in the second half of the nineteenth century, when the creation of the first asylum served as an affirmation of Imperial power; at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the introduction of psychiatry was part of the new Brazilian Republic's pledge to become a «civilized » nation; in the 1940s, when a centralized Brazilian State boosted the expansion of psychiatric care; and as of the 1970s, in which case the Brazilian psychiatric reform has run parallel to political redemocratization.Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre la asistencia psiquiátrica y la historia política brasileña durante diferentes momentos: la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, cuando la creación del primer manicomio sirvió como afirmación del poder imperial; el inicio del siglo XX, cuando la configuración de la psiquiatría ayudaba a la joven República a recorrer el camino hacia una nación civilizada; los años 40, en los que un Estado centralizador dio un fuerte impulso a la asistencia psiquiátrica; y desde finales de los años 70, cuando los avances en la psiquiatría brasileña vinieron de la mano de la redemocratización política

Medida Rápida e Simultânea dos Tempos de Relaxação Longitudinal e Transversal por RMN-CWFP.

bitstream/CNPDIA/10475/1/CT66_2005.pd

Peritumoural, but not intratumoural, lymphatic vessel density and invasion correlate with colorectal carcinoma poor-outcome markers

To evaluate whether lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) are useful markers of worse outcome in colorectal carcinoma and if LVD and LVI correlate to the classical clinical-pathological parameters, we analysed 120 cases of colorectal carcinomas selected from the files of Division of Pathology, Hospital das Clinicas, São Paulo University, Brazil. Assessment of LVD and LVI was performed by immunohistochemical detection of lymphatic vessels, using the monoclonal antibody D2-40. Higher LVD was found in the intratumoural area, when comparing with normal and peritumoural areas (p < 0.001). However, peritumoural LVD, but not intratumoural, correlated with both colonic-wall-invasion depth (p = 0.037) and liver metastasis (p = 0.012). Remarkably, LVI was found associated with local invasion (p = 0.016), nodal metastasis (p = 0.022) and hepatic metastasis (p < 0.001). Peritumoural LVD and LVI are directly related to histopathological variables indicative of poor outcome such as lymph-node status and liver metastasis

El Hospicio Nacional de Alienados en la prensa de Río de Janeiro (1903-1911)

During the first decade of the twentieth century, the press of the republican capital disseminated representations and helped to form opinions about the National Hospice of Alienated Persons (HNA), the first Brazilian psychiatric institution, which began to function in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1852. For this investigation we have analyzed the news about the hospice in two newspapers - O Paiz and Correio da Manhã. We follow here the most recent Brazilian historiography, as well as the history of psychiatry in Ibero-American countries, to discuss the emphasis given to the social control function of the asylum and to point out its hybrid and multifaceted character in the news that circulated in the press of the federal capital. In the two newspapers, the varied set of references to the HNA puts into circulation three points of view: the first two express how the institutional life, in its different aspects (administrative, welfare, scientific) is described and portrayed by the press; while the third point of view brings together the situations in which the hospice is considered as a solution for events that disturb the life of the city.Este trabajo analiza la forma en que la prensa de la capital republicana difundió informaciones durante la primera década del siglo XX, contribuyendo a la formación de opiniones acerca del Hospicio Nacional de Alienados (HNA), primera institución psiquiátrica brasileña que abrió sus puertas en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro en 1852. Para esta investigación hemos analizado las noticias sobre el Hospicio en dos diarios: O Paiz y Correio da Manhã. Hemos seguido en ella tanto la historiografía brasileña más reciente, como la referente a la historia de la psiquiatría en Iberoamérica, con objeto de relativizar la relevancia otorgada a la psiquiatría y al manicomio en su función de control social, así como de apuntar su carácter híbrido y polifacético en las noticias que se publicaron en la prensa de la capital federal. En los dos periódicos, el conjunto variado de menciones sobre el HNA pone en juego tres puntos de vista: los dos primeros se centran en la descripción y el retrato de la vida institucional, llevado a cabo por prensa, en sus diferentes aspectos (administrativo, asistencial, científico); mientras que el tercero analiza aquellas situaciones en que el Hospicio se contempla como una solución para acontecimientos que perturbaban la vida de la ciudad