Congruence of intranasal aerodynamics and functional heterogeneity of olfactory epithelium

Zonal organization of the olfactory system is determined not only by peculiarities of the expression of olfactory receptor genes but also by the geometry of nasal passage, where receptors to the most muco-soluble compounds are concentrated in the area with the maximal rate of air flow (dorsal part), while receptors to less volatile compounds are concentrated in ventral part of the nose. An increase in the flow rate in certain areas of nasal cavity, on the one hand, allows acceleration of the perception of odor stimuli by olfactory receptors and, on the other hand, increases the risk of the effect of different pathogens (contained in the air) on this area due to the larger intensity of their precipitation. In this study, we demonstrated by means of manganese- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that a more intensive capture of insoluble particles occurs in ventral part of mouse olfactory epithelium than in dorsal part during intranasal introduction of the colloid solution of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MON, Mn3O4). The joint introduction of MON and specific blockers of cellular transport and endocytosis demonstrated that the particles are captured from the nasal cavity by means of endocytosis and are transported in olfactory bulb cells by means of intracellular transport. The clathrin-dependent type of endocytosis mainly contributes to the capture of MON in the dorsal part of the olfactory epithelium (as opposed to ventral). Thus, it was established that two functional regions of mouse olfactory epithelium differing in the intensities of precipitation of submicron aerosols demonstrate different intensities of the capture of insoluble particles from the nasal cavity and have differences in the mechanisms of their endocytosis. Consequently, the structural and functional organization of mouse nasal cavity completely meets the principle of adaptive congruence, which limits infectious and toxic effects of nanoaerosols on the olfactory epithelium cells and the brain

Based on Perceptron Object Classification Algorithms for Processing of Agricultural Field Images

Neural network algorithms of object classification are considered in the paper applying to disease area recognition of agricultural field images. The images are presented as reduced normalized histograms. The classification is carried out for RGB-and HSV-space by using of a multilayer perceptron

About the Genesis of Pumice Deposits in the Region of Tarbagania and Pemzovaya Mountains in Kamchatka

В работе обсуждаются результаты изучения пемзовых отложений, расположенных в промежутке между вулканами Горелый и Мутновский на Камчатке. Приведены схема распространения пемзовых покровов и результаты петрохимических и геохимических исследований пемз и кислых лав. Выявлен ряд петрогеохимических особенностей пемз, указывающих на их вероятную генетическую обособленность.This paper discusses the results of study of pumice deposits between volcanoes Gorely and Mutnovskiy on Kamchatka. A scheme of the pumice sheets is presented. The results of petrochemical and geochemical studies of pumice and acidic lavas of Mutnovsky and Gorely are discussed. A number of petrogeochemical pumice features indicating their possible genetic isolation is revealed

Gradients of Taxonomic Diversity among Local Floras in the Russian Arctic

Latitudinal and longitudinal changes in taxonomic variables were analyzed in 319 local floras in the Russian Arctic. Within the studied segment of latitudinal gradient, most changes can be described in terms of linear regression with negative coefficients (a number of species, genera and families), or positive coefficients (a proportion of the leading families and genera). However, the mean number of species in a family or genus almost does not change with increasing latitude, although it slightly increases as one moves eastward. The proportion of monocots does not correlate with latitude, but slightly decreases as one moves eastward. Proportions of various families change asynchronously. Although correlation with longitude was less pronounced, mean species richness was specific to many subprovinces, even within a certain subzone. These differences reflect both the diversity of landscapes and the history of flora formation. Keywords: the Arctic, local floras, latitudinal and longitudinal gradient, floristic subprovince

КОНВЕЙЕРНАЯ АРХИТЕКТУРА ДЕКОДЕРА CABAC СТАНДАРТА Н.264/AVC ДЛЯ МОБИЛЬНЫХ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЙ

The paper describes a three-stage pipeline architecture implementation of the CABAC decoder for mobile applications, with image resolution up to 625SD. The decoder architecture is suggested for pipeline calculations with the decoding performance of one bin per clock cycle. The decoder is compatible with profiles high profile, high 10 profile and high 4:2:2 profile and supports regime MBAFF and 8×8 blocks. It is scalable both in the resolution and in the supported decoding tools described in standard H.264. A comparison of our implementation with implementations of a prototype CABAC decoder on FPGA from the company Xilinx is given.Описывается архитектура декодера CABAC для мобильных приложений c разрешением до 625SD с трехступенчатым конвейером, позволяющая обеспечить декодирование одного бина за такт. Декодер совместим с профилями high profile, high 10 profile, high 4:2:2 profile, поддерживает режим MBAFF и блоки 8 ? 8, а также масштабируем как по разрешению, так и по поддерживаемым инструментам декодирования, описанным в стандарте H.264. Выполняется сравнение с известными реализациями прототипа декодера CABAC на FPGA фирмы Xilinx

CORDIC-ТЕХНИКА ДЛЯ ФИКСИРОВАННОГО УГЛА ВРАЩЕНИЯ В ОПЕРАЦИИ УМНОЖЕНИЯ КВАТЕРНИОНОВ

The article contains a number of solutions for the key element of paraunitary filter banks based on quaternionic algebra (Q-PUBF) – the multiplier of quaternions with usage of CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer) techniques for the fixed angle of rotation where, unlike known solutions, 4D rotation control parameters are represented by nonlinear function of shifts number of input operands of the microrotation operation. Suggested approach of the multiplier designing on a quaternion-constant allows reaching the maximum performance of the multiplier scheme with low use of resources, for example, of FPGA.Предлагается ряд решений ключевого элемента параунитарного банка фильтров на основе алгебры кватернионов – умножителя кватернионов с использованием CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)-техники для фиксированного угла вращения, в которых в отличие от известных решений параметры управления 4D-вращением представляются нелинейной функцией числа сдвигов входных операндов операции микровращения. Предложенный подход проектирования умножителя на кватернион-константу позволяет достигать максимальной производительности схемы умножителя при скромном использовании ресурсов, например FPGA

Условия образования минеральных включений в гидротермальных метасоматитах г. Двугорбой, Южная Камчатка

Mineralogical and geochemical features of hydrothermal metasomatites of the Southern Kamchatka were studied. The probable physico-chemical conditions of formation of the studied mineral inclusions in hydrothermally altered rocks are considered.Исследования гидротермальных метасоматитов выявили их минералогические и геохимические особенности. Рассмотрены вероятные физико-химические условия образования исследованных минеральных включений в гидротермально измененных породах

ROLE OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRIC BREAST CANCER RECURRENCE

The purpose of the study was to define the factors influencing the development of a recurrence depending on the volume of surgical intervention and to investigate the possibility of performing organ-saving surgery (OSS) for centric breast cancer.The study used the clinical findings of 200 patients treated at the Department of Radiosurgery, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in 1996 to 2006. According to the volume of surgical intervention, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 106 patients who had undergone radical mastectomy; 2) 94 patients who had undergone radical resection. According to our data, the disease progressed in 32 (16%) cases. There were 12 local recurrences: in 8 (7.5%) and 4 (4.2%) cases after radical mastectomy and radical resection, respec- tively. The findings suggest that OSS may be performed after carefully patient selection, with all contraindications being kept in mind

БЫСТРОЕ ПРОТОТИПИРОВАНИЕ ВСТРАИВАЕМЫХ ПРОГРАММИРУЕМЫХ СИСТЕМ НА ПЛИС ДЛЯ МУЛЬТИМЕДИЙНЫХ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЙ

This paper illustrates rapid prototyping method applied for mobile multimedia systems with L2L (lossless-to-lossy) compression scheme. Debug module Xilinx ML-401 based on the FPGA (Filed Programmable Gate Array) is taken as the basis. Microblaze soft-processor is used as the main control unit. Proposed DCT-IDCT cores are developed using VHDL hardware description language as FSL (Fast Simples Link) coprocessors for Microblaze or standalone PLB (Processor Logical Bus) acceleration peripheral. Result of image processing is displayed on the screen connected via VGA interface. Proposed recursive architecture of DCT-IDCT core can be used as a basis of L2L coder.Рассматривается процесс быстрого прототипирования мобильных мультимедийных систем трансформационного кодирования изображений по схеме L2L (lossless-to-lossy): сжатие и восстановление изображения как без потерь, так и с контролируемым внесением артефактов. За основу берется отладочный модуль Xilinx ML-401, в качестве основного управляющего ядра используется встроенный софт-процессор MicroBlaze. Процессоры дискретного косинусного преобразования (ДКП) представляются в виде модулей на языке описания аппаратуры VHDL, которые подключаются к софт-процессору MicroBlaze в виде сопроцессора, результат обработки изображений выводится через VGA-интерфейс на экран монитора. Предлагается архитектура рекурсивного процессора вычисления ДКП – обратного ДКП, которая может рассматриваться как базовая при построении кодеров класса L2L