Influence of experimental hypokinesia on gastric secretory function

The gastric secretory function of rats was studied in 4, 8, 16 and 30 day hypokinesia. Inhibition of both the gastric juice secretory and acid producing functions was found. The greatest inhibition was observed on day 8 of limited mobility. By days 16 and 30 of the experiment, a tendency of the gastric secretory activity to return to normal was observed, although it remained reduced

Problem of the noise-noise correlation function in hot non-Abelian plasma

In this work on the basis of Kadomtsev's kinetic fluctuation theory we present the more general expression for noise-noise correlation function in effective theory for ultrasoft field modes.Comment: 3 pages, REVTeX

Features of cholinergic cardia regulation under conditions of hypokinesia

The features of cholinergic processes in the heart on the 4th, 8th, 16th and 30th days of hypokinesia were studied in experiments on 382 albino rats. It was shown that hypokinesia is attended by increased acetylcholine content in the atria, reduced choline acetyltransferase activity in the atria and ventricles and by increased activity of acetylcholinesterase in the ventricles and of pseudocholinesterase in both parts of the heart. The sensitivity of the heart to exogenic acetylcholine and to stimulation of the vagus nerve increases

Nonlinear dynamics of soft fermion excitations in hot QCD plasma III: Soft-quark bremsstrahlung and energy losses

In general line with our early works [Yu.A. Markov, M.A. Markova, Nucl. Phys. A770 (2006) 162; 784 (2007) 443] within the framework of a semiclassical approximation the general theory of calculation of effective currents and sources generating bremsstrahlung of an arbitrary number of soft quarks and soft gluons at collision of a high-energy color-charged particle with thermal partons in a hot quark-gluon plasma, is developed. For the case of one- and two-scattering thermal partons with radiation of one or two soft excitations, the effective currents and sources are calculated in an explicit form. In the model case of `frozen' medium, approximate expressions for energy losses induced by the most simple processes of bremsstrahlung of soft quark and soft gluon, are derived. On the basis of a conception of the mutual cancellation of singularities in the sum of so-called `diagonal' and `off-diagonal' contributions to the energy losses, an effective method of determining color factors in scattering probabilities, containing the initial values of Grassmann color charges, is suggested. The dynamical equations for Grassmann color charges of hard particle used by us early are proved to be insufficient for investigation of the higher radiative processes. It is shown that for correct description of these processes the given equations should be supplemented successively with the higher-order terms in powers of the soft fermionic field.Comment: 93 pages, 20 figure

VERBALIZATION OF “FAMILY” AS A CULTURAL NOTION IN THE NOVELS “WAR AND PEACE” BY L. TOLSTOY AND “IN CHANCERY” BY J. GALSWORTHY

Purpose: The paper is devoted to the study of verbalizing the social and cultural notion "family" in the second volume of the novel “War and Peace” by L. Tolstoy and the novel “In Chancery” by J. Galsworthy. It describes the stylistic devices enabling to realize positive and negative connotative components of the meaning of linguistic units verbalizing the notion “family”. Methodology: In order to achieve the goal of our research we conducted a thorough comparative analysis of the texts of the works under study. Result: The results of our study allow us to draw a conclusion regarding the linguistic means enabling to realize ameliorative and pejorative connotative components in the meaning of the word “family” used in combination with it. Furthermore, the evidence from this study allowed us to compare the images of the British and Russian in the studied works represented by the analyzed linguistic means. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Verbalization of “Family” as a Cultural Notion in the Novels “War and Peace” BY L. Tolstoy and “In Chancery” by J. Galsworthy is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Substantivismo formal em russo

Despite the fact that, the study of parts of speech in the Russian language has been conducted for more than two and a half centuries, attention to this topic has not weakened. Interest in the present stage of the development of linguistics is caused by the so-called transient phenomena in the sphere of parts of speech, i.e. transition of a word from one part of speech to another. Questions arise not only about the semantics, word-formation and general categories of similar words, but also about their particular grammatical features, the loss or acquisition of certain grammatical features. The relevance of the topic is due to the unresolved problem of interpreting the transition of words from different parts of speech to nouns, the need to refine the existing terminological synonymy in the grammar. The problem of the investigation consists in revealing the essence of formal substantiation, its difference from the actual substantivization (conversion), the relationship with the phenomenon of semantic word-formation. The aim of the research is to delineate the concepts of a noun, substantivization, formal substantivization, quasi-substantivization, conversion, the transition of words from one part of speech to another, grammatical homonymy, to show the relationship between grammar and word formation, the influence of semantic word formation on grammatical phenomena. The novelty of the study consists in the correction and refinement of a number of theoretical propositions related to the teaching of parts of speech in the Russian language, transitional phenomena in the sphere of nominal parts of speech, the study of the interrelation and interaction of word-formative and grammatical factors in language and speech.The theoretical basis for the study was the work on grammar and word formation of M. V. Lomonosov, V. Vinogradov, V. A. Beloshapkov, E. A. Zemskaya, D. V. Sichinava, V. Markov, G. A. Nikolaev. The main significant results of the study include the following. It is noted that cases of formal substantiation include examples of the functioning of morphemes, words of different parts of speech, word combinations, and sentences in the position of the subject, object or an action. The role of the context in determining the semantics peculiarity and the grammatical status of such constructions is shown. The leading role of semantic word-formation in the phenomena of formal substantivization and proper substantivization was noted. Attention is drawn to the semantic and grammatical syncretism of elements of formal substantivization.A pesar de que el estudio de las partes del discurso en el idioma ruso se ha realizado durante más de dos siglos y medio, la atención a este tema no se ha debilitado. El interés en la etapa actual del desarrollo de la lingüística es causado por los llamados fenómenos transitorios en la esfera de las partes del habla, es decir, la transición de una palabra de una parte del habla a otra. Las preguntas surgen no solo sobre la semántica, la formación de palabras y las categorías generales de palabras similares, sino también sobre sus características gramaticales particulares, la pérdida o adquisición de ciertas características gramaticales. La relevancia del tema se debe al problema no resuelto de interpretar la transición de palabras de diferentes partes del habla a sustantivos, la necesidad de refinar la sinonimia terminológica existente en la gramática. El problema de la investigación consiste en revelar la esencia de la sustanciación formal, su diferencia con la sustantivización (conversión) real, la relación con el fenómeno de la formación de palabras semánticas. El objetivo de la investigación es delinear los conceptos de sustantivo, sustantivización, sustantivización formal, cuasi-sustantivización, conversión, la transición de palabras de una parte del discurso a otro, homonimia gramatical, para mostrar la relación entre la gramática y la formación de palabras, la influencia de la formación de palabras semánticas en fenómenos gramaticales. La novedad del estudio consiste en la corrección y el refinamiento de una serie de proposiciones teóricas relacionadas con la enseñanza de las partes del discurso en el idioma ruso, los fenómenos transicionales en el ámbito de las partes nominales del habla, el estudio de la interrelación e interacción de la palabra Factores informativos y gramaticales en el lenguaje y el habla.La base teórica para el estudio fue el trabajo sobre gramática y formación de palabras de M. V. Lomonosov, V. Vinogradov, V. A. Beloshapkov, E. A. Zemskaya, D. V. Sichinava, V. Markov, G. A. Nikolaev. Los principales resultados significativos del estudio incluyen lo siguiente. Se observa que los casos de confirmación formal incluyen ejemplos del funcionamiento de los morfemas, palabras de diferentes partes del discurso, combinaciones de palabras y oraciones en la posición del sujeto u objeto de acción. Se muestra el papel del contexto en la determinación de la peculiaridad semántica y el estado gramatical de tales construcciones. Se observó el papel principal de la formación de palabras semánticas en los fenómenos de sustantivización formal y sustantivización adecuada. Se llama la atención sobre el sincretismo semántico y gramatical de los elementos de sustantivización formal.Embora o estudo das partes do discurso na língua russa tenha sido conduzido por mais de dois séculos e meio, a atenção a esse tópico não foi enfraquecida. O interesse no atual estágio de desenvolvimento da lingüística é causado pelos chamados fenômenos transitórios na área de partes do discurso, ou seja, a transição de uma palavra de uma parte do discurso para outro. Perguntas e categorias formação de palavras gerais de palavras semelhantes, mas também em suas características gramaticais particulares, perda ou aquisição de determinadas características gramaticais não surgem apenas sobre semântica. A relevância do tema é devido ao problema não resolvido de interpretar a transição de palavras de diferentes partes do substantivos fala, a necessidade de aperfeiçoar a sinonímia terminológica existente na gramática. O problema da pesquisa consiste em revelar a essência da comprovação formal, sua diferença com a comprovação real (conversão), a relação com o fenômeno da formação de palavras semânticas. O objetivo da pesquisa é delinear os conceitos de substantivo, sustantivización sustantivización formal, quasi-sustantivización, conversão, palavras de transição de uma parte do discurso para outro, homônimos gramaticais, para mostrar a relação entre a formação de gramática e palavra, a influência da formação de palavras semânticas em fenômenos gramaticais. A novidade do estudo é a correção e refinamento de uma série de proposições teóricas relacionadas com o ensino das partes do discurso em língua russa, fenômenos transitórios no campo de peças nominais do discurso, o estudo da inter-relação e Interação da palavra Fatores informativos e gramaticais na linguagem e na fala.A base teórica para o estudo foi o trabalho em gramática e palavra formação M. V. Lomonosov, V. Winogradow, V. A. Beloshapkov, E. A. Zemskaya, D. V. Sichinava, V. Markov, A. G. Nikolaev. Os principais resultados significativos do estudo incluem o seguinte. Observa-se que os casos de confirmação formal incluem exemplos de como morfemas, palavras de diferentes partes do discurso, combinações de palavras e frases na posição do sujeito ou objeto de ação. O papel do contexto na determinação da peculiaridade semântica e do estado gramatical de tais construções é mostrado. O principal papel da formação de palavras semânticas nos fenômenos de substantivação formal e substantivização adequada foi observado. Chama-se a atenção para o sincretismo semântico e gramatical dos elementos da substantivação formal

DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF RELATED SPECIES OF FLYCATCHERS (MUSCICAPIDAE) FAMILY

The article is devoted to the observation of differences in relation between aggressive behavior of related species of Flycatchers (Muscicapidae) family and behavior acts in naturally watering places. Observations have reviled the timing separation between presence and engagement of Flycatchers in morning hours and relation with acts of aggression. Each representative of Flycatchers family is using the watering place in different ways. The correlation between intraspecific and interspecific contacts with the predominance of interspecific and highly aggressive interactions has been analyzed. The rating of successfulness of the acts of aggression has been established for every particular group of Flycatchers. It demonstrates the energetic justification of aggressive behavior for spotter, red-breasted and pied flycatchers but energetic overspend and failure for collared flycatcher

"And there was no Need to Say Anything …": Silence in the System of Means of Expression of the Author's Position

The article presents the first attempt to systematically examine the status of the phenomenon of silence as one of the most important means of expressing the author's position in the novel "Noble Nest" using the method of slow reading. It analyzes the key scenes of Turgenev's text, and through them identifies the val­ue-based positioning in the system of characters (the opposition between "religious humanism" and "Christian ethics"). The authors of the article show the process of creating perceptibility for the reader of the semantic residue by Turgenev in the picture of the directly depicted and spoken. This is designed to mark the transition of the characters beyond the boundaries of the concrete historical background through the nature of the word of art. In this way Turgenev created his own version of the "higher reality" in the "Noble Nest" and, accordingly, the field of cultural dialogue with the works of his great contemporaries-realists.В статье впервые системно рассматривается статус феномена безмолвия как одного из важнейших средств выражения авторской позиции в романе "Дворянское гнездо" с применением методики медленного чтения

Sing to me, baby: Infants show neural tracking and rhythmic movements to live and dynamic maternal singing

Infant-directed singing has unique acoustic characteristics that may allow even very young infants to respond to the rhythms carried through the caregiver’s voice. The goal of this study was to examine neural and movement responses to live and dynamic maternal singing in 7-month-old infants and their relation to linguistic development. In total, 60 mother-infant dyads were observed during two singing conditions (playsong and lullaby). In Study 1 (n = 30), we measured infant EEG and used an encoding approach utilizing ridge regressions to measure neural tracking. In Study 2 (n =40), we coded infant rhythmic movements. In both studies, we assessed children’s vocabulary when they were 20 months old. In Study 1, we found above-threshold neural tracking of maternal singing, with superior tracking of lullabies than playsongs. We also found that the acoustic features of infant-directed singing modulated tracking. In Study 2, infants showed more rhythmic movement to playsongs than lullabies. Importantly, neural coordination (Study 1) and rhythmic movement (Study 2) to playsongs were positively related to infants’ expressive vocabulary at 20 months. These results highlight the importance of infants’ brain and movement coordination to their caregiver’s musical presentations, potentially as a function of musical variability