Design of Sequential Circuit Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

Quantum dot cellular autometa presents a promissing nanoscale technology for replacement of conventional cmos based circuits.In this paper we introduce qca logic gates such has qca inverter and qca majority gate.This paper design the sequential logic gates.such as D latch,SR latch,JK latch,T flipflop,D flipflop,2 bit counter,4 bit shift register.These designs are captured and simulated using a design calld QCA designer

Decision Tree Classification of Spatial Data Streams Using Peano Trees of classification

Many organizations have large quantities of spatial data collected in various application areas, including remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), astronomy, computer cartography, environmental assessment and planning, etc.  These data collections are growing rapidly and can therefore be considered as spatial data streams.  For data stream classification, time is a major issue.  However, these spatial data sets are too large to be classified effectively in a reasonable amount of time using existing methods.  In this paper, we developed a new method for decision tree classification on spatial data streams using a data structure called Peano Count Tree (P-tree).  The Peano Count Tree is a spatial data organization that provides a lossless compressed representation of a spatial data set and facilitates efficient classification and other data mining techniques.  Using P-tree structure, fast calculation of measurements, such as information gain, can be achieved.  We compare P-tree based decision tree induction classification and a classical decision tree induction method with respect to the speed at which the classifier can be built (and rebuilt when substantial amounts of new data arrive).  Experimental results show that the P-tree method is significantly faster than existing classification methods, making it the preferred method for mining on spatial data streams

Manual Vacuum Aspiration Versus Curettage in first trimester incomplete abortion

INTRODUCTION: Early miscarriage is a common experience for women and is responsible for the maximum number of pregnancy losses. Approximately one in four women will experience such a loss in her life time6. Local data shows an annual abortion rate of 3% in women aged between 15-49 years, in that incomplete and missed abortion being most common, occurs in approximately 15% of clinically recognized pregnancies in 8,90,000 women per year. While abortion is legally permitted in many countries, women continue to face profound barriers that restrict their access to safe abortion services and endanger their health. Lack of trained abortion providers, restrictions in service availability and high costs may all present obstacles too great for women to overcome in a timely manner. Maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion are around 10-13% in developing countries. Hence a method which is safe and cost effective has to be found. At present vacuum aspiration, sharp curettage, medical evacuation with misoprostol and expectant management are the available methods. Vacuum aspiration has come up as the most widely used method due to its safety and being less painful than dilatation and curettage (D&C) and medical methods. A high efficacy of vacuum aspiration with success rate between 95-100% has been reported in various trials of study in vacuum aspiration. AIM OF STUDY: To compare the efficacy of manual vacuum aspiration against curettage in first trimester incomplete abortion in terms of type of anesthesia, procedure, and patient morbidity pattern. Anesthesia: The type of anesthesia used is either cervical block or intravenous anesthesia depending upon pain perception by the patient. Procedure: The procedure done for induced abortion is either manual vacuum aspiration or curettage. The efficacy of these two procedures is compared in terms of blood loss, blood transfusion, retained products, repeat procedure. Patient Morbidity: Patient’s morbidity is compared in terms of, complications like cervical laceration, uterine perforation, stay in hospital for more than two days. Study Design: Our study is a case control study conducted at Institute of Social Obstetrics, Govt. Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Chennai between the period September 2010 and September 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All women seeking MTP for incomplete abortion in our hospital between September 2010 - September 2011 were admitted. In these women who belonged to first trimester was taken for our study. Our sample size (CASES) was 100, who underwent manual vacuum aspiration was compared with 100 Controls who were offered curettage. Inclusion Criteria: 1. All pregnant women seeking MTP for incomplete abortion whose age was < 35 yrs. 2. Women who stayed near by the hospital for easy access. 3. Who can come for follow up. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with medical complications like uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes. 2. Blood dyscrasias, heart disease. 3. All MTPs attempted outside our institution. 4. Patients with evidence of sepsis. SUMMARY: In Our study, with a sample size of 100, abortion was induced using MVA in all CASES and curettage was the procedure used for CONTROLS. The results were compared in terms of anesthesia, procedure, and patient morbidity. • Out of the 100 patients in cases 89% needed only cervical block compared to controls which is 66%. In cases, 11% needed intravenous anaesthesia compared to the controls that was 34%. The p value is 0.037, which is significant. • The mean no of pads used by cases were 3.32 compared to controls that used 3.95. The p value is <0.001 which is significant. • The no of blood transfusion required in cases were 4% compared to controls, which was 12%. The p value is <0.037 which is significant. • In cases the % of patients who had retained products were 12% compared to controls which constituted around 42%. The p value is <0.000 which is significant. • The % of patients requiring repeat procedure was 8% in cases compared to controls which were 21%. The p value is < 0.009 which is significant. • In cases 9% of patients needed more than 2 days duration of stay compared to controls 24% .The p value is <0.004 which is significant. • In controls 12% had cervical laceration compared to cases were none of patient had cervical laceration. The p value is <0.000 which is significant. • It was observed that there was decrease in hemoglobin after the procedure in cases compared to controls group. • The average pain score in cases were 3.76 compared to controls which were 5.22. • There is no difference in age group in both cases and controls. • The first trimester abortion was more in primigravida in both groups. CONCLUSION: This study done in our hospital compared the efficacy of MVA against the curettage in first trimester incomplete abortion in terms of type of anesthesia needed, procedure done and patient morbidity for one year. The results are 1. Our study showed that, MVA can be done under local anesthesia (88%) compared to CURETTAGE which required more of IV anesthesia (34%), also the average pain score was less (3.76) when MVA used compared to CURETTAGE (5.22). 2. Our study showed that the average no of pads used was 3. 32 in patients who underwent MVA, compared to the average no of pads used in patients who underwent curettage which was 3.92 which is comparatively higher. Thus concluding the average amount of blood loss was more when curettage is used for abortion compared to MVA. 3. Our study showed that the need for blood transfusion is more when CURETTAGE (12%) is used for attempting abortion compared to MVA (4%). 4. Our study also showed that the number of patients who had retained products was less when MVA was used for inducing abortion compared to curettage and hence the need for repeat procedure was less when MVA is used for inducing abortion. 5. Comparing the complications in both procedure 12% of patients had cervical laceration who underwent curettage which was NIL in MVA. Also none of the patients in both procedure had uterine perforation. 6. Our study also showed that the decrease in hemoglobin was less when MVA is used as the procedure of choice. 7. The duration of stay in the hospital was less when MVA is used for inducing abortion in first trimester, compared to CURETTAGE. 8. Our study also showed that none of the groups had uterine perforation. 9. Also the duration of procedure was found to be same in both the procedures (8-10 min). Thus concluding that MVA is comparatively better than CURETTAGE in terms of anesthesia, procedure done, and patient morbidity

Comparison of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids (\u3ci\u3eAcyrthosiphon pisum\u3c/i\u3e) to crowding and predator cues

1. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris; Hemiptera: Aphididae) exhibit transgenerational wing polyphenism, in which unwinged females produce genetically identical winged offspring in response to environmental cues such as overcrowding and predation risk that indicate poor habitat quality. 2. Laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids exposed to cues from ladybird predators and crowding, and their response was compared to pea aphids that were not exposed to any cues (control). 3. The study used cues from two different ladybird species: Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to investigate whether the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids to predator cues can be generalized 4. The intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids to crowding was found to be much stronger than their response to predator cues. There was no response to H. convergens cues and the response to C. septempunctata cues was mixed

Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR: a new tool to study the spatial and electronic structure of photosynthetic complexes

In the last two decades, Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR has created its own niche in studies involving photosynthetic membrane protein complexes, owing to its ability to provide structural and functional information at atomic resolution of membrane proteins when in the membrane, in the natural environment. The light-harvesting two (LH2) transmembrane complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila is used to illustrate the procedure of the technique applicable in photosynthesis research. One- and two-dimensional solid-state NMR experiments involving 13C- and 15N-labeled LH2 complexes allow to make a sequence-specific assignment of NMR signals, which forms the basis for resolving structural details and the assessment of charge transfer, electronic delocalization effects, and functional strain in the ground state

Concept of Vasantha Ritucharya - An Overview

Ayurveda - The science of life has always reflected in two different of plains as “Swasthasya Swastha Rakshanam Athurasaya Vikara Prasamanam”.[1] It is well known that Ayurveda gives first priority to the preventive aspects and thus attains its first aim that is Swasthya Rakshana. Hence, when the main aim remains to be Swasthya Rakshana it in turn means homeostasis of Doshas, Dhatu and Mala. This can be only achieved by following proper Dinacharya, Rithucharya and Ratricharya. It is very essential to get accustomed to each Ritus as they are plenty of changes that are happening around the nature during each Ritu. To maintain the proper homeostasis in body it is inevitable to follow the Pathya and Apathya, Ahara-Viahara in each Ritu. All Acharyas have uniquely described regarding the same in Samhithas. Vasantha Rutu (March 15-May 15) comes under the Adanakala constituting of Chaithra and Vaishaka Masa

Ensuring the Data Integrity and Confidentiality in Cloud Storage Using Hash Function and TPA

Main call for Cloud computing is that users only utilize what they required and only pay for whatever they are using. Mobile Cloud Computing refers to an infrastructure where data processing and storage can happen away from mobile device. Research estimates that mobile subscribers worldwide will reach 15 billion by the end of 2014 and 18 billion by at the ending of 2016. Due to increasing use of mobile devices the requirement of cloud computing in mobile devices arise, which evolves Mobile Cloud Computing. Mobile devices require large storage capacity and maximum CPU speed. As we are storing data on cloud there is an issue of data security. As there is risk associated with data storage many IT professionals are not showing their interest towards Mobile Cloud Computing. To ensure the users' data correctness in the cloud, here we are proposing an effective mechanism with salient feature of data integrity and confidentiality. This paper proposed a solution which uses the RSA algorithm and mechanism of hash function along with various cryptography tools to provide better security to the data stored on the cloud. This model can not only solve the problem of storage of massive data, but also make sure that it will give data access control mechanisms and ensure sharing data files with confidentiality and integrity. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15055

A tachyonic extension of the stringy no-go theorem

We investigate the tachyon-dilaton-metric system to study the "graceful exit" problem in string theoretic inflation, where tachyon plays the role of the scalar field. From the phase space analysis, we find that the inflationary phase does not smoothly connect to a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) expanding universe, thereby providing a simple tachyonic extension of the recently proved stringy no-go theorem.Comment: TeX file (PHYZZX), 10 pages, change in the title, many changes in the text (the version to appear in Phys. Rev. D