Gruppenpsychotherapie im Alter:eine Meta-Analyse der Jahre 1990-2004

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin zu untersuchen, wie viel, und vor allem mit welchen Ergebnissen über Gruppenpsychotherapie bei älteren Menschen in den letzten 15 Jahren innerhalb der deutschen und anglo-amerikanischen Literatur berichtet wurde. Die Studien zu den kognitiv-behavioralen Gruppentherapien kommen nahezu bei allen Diagnosen zu ausschließlich positiven Ergebnissen. Dagegen kommen die Studien über die altersspezifischen Therapien, die häufig speziell für kognitiv eingeschränkte Patienten konzipiert wurden, zu sehr unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Es besteht keine einheitliche Meinung darüber, ob sie erfolgreich anwendbar sind. Sie zeigen in vielen Fällen nicht in allen gemessenen Parametern, sondern nur in manchen der Messparameter positive Outcome Ergebnisse an. Bei den tiefenpsychologischen Gruppentherapien und sozio-kommunikativen bzw. humanistisch orientierten Gruppenpsychotherapien werden die Ergebnisse meist nur exemplarisch in Übersichtsartikeln und Kasuistiken dargestellt. Diese Übersichtsartikel und Kasuistiken berichten über fast ausschließlich positive Ergebnisse der Therapien

A qualitative investigation of sport injury rehabilitation motivation from the perspective of the ATC-athlete dyad

It is estimated that over 50,000 sport injuries are sustained by NCAA athletes every year (Dick, Agel, & Marshall, 2007). Many of these injuries require rehabilitation, and proper adherence to a prescribed rehabilitation program has long been known to lead to better rehabilitation outcomes (Brewer, Van Raalte, Cornelius, Petitpas, Sklar, Pohlman, et al., 2000; Derscheid & Feiring, 1987; Heredia, Munoz, & Artaza, 2004). However, the mechanisms by which adherence to a rehabilitation program can be achieved are not yet well-understood, perhaps due to a lack of rich qualitative studies designed to explore the complexities of the rehabilitation process (Ohman, 2005). To begin to alleviate this shortcoming, the purpose of this study is to qualitatively investigate athletes’ motivation in the context of sport injury rehabilitation. More specifically, certified athletic trainers (ATCs) and NCAA athletes were observed during rehabilitation sessions and interviewed in a semistructured manner to determine how self-determination theory (SDT) constructs may affect adherence to sport injury rehabilitation programs. Data analysis revealed three influential categories: ATC-athlete relationship, athlete autonomy, and ATC competence. Two themes (trust, autonomy by necessity) were also uncovered and a negative case was identified. Findings coincide with prior research highlighting the importance of trust and the ATC-athlete relationship. Autonomy by necessity represents a novel finding within sport psychology literature. Implications for future research include examining the role of trust with the sport injury rehabilitation context relative to SDT and identifying specific behaviors ATCs can engage in to regulate their athletes’ motivation to adhere

Dynamic relocalization of hOGG1 during the cell cycle is disrupted in cells harbouring the hOGG1-Cys(326) polymorphic variant

Numerous lines of evidence support the role of oxidative stress in different types of cancer. A major DNA lesion, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), is formed by reactive oxygen species in the genome under physiological conditions. 8-OxoG is strongly mutagenic, generating G·C→T·A transversions, a frequent somatic mutation in cancers. hOGG1 was cloned as a gene encoding a DNA glycosylase that specifically recognizes and removes 8-oxoG from 8-oxoG:C base pairs and suppresses G·C→T·A transversions. In this study, we investigated the subcellular localization and expression of hOGG1 during the cell cycle. Northern blots showed cell-cycle-dependent mRNA expression of the two major hOGG1 isoforms. By using a cell line constitutively expressing hOGG1 fused to enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP), we observed a dynamic relocalization of EGFP-hOGG1 to the nucleoli during the S-phase of the cell cycle, and this localization was shown to be linked to transcription. A C/G change that results in an amino acid substitution from serine to cysteine in codon 326 has been reported as a genetic polymorphism and a risk allele for a variety of cancers. We investigated the cellular localization of the corresponding protein, hOGG1-Cys(326), fused to EGFP and observed a dramatic effect on its localization that is explained by a change in the phosphorylation status of hOGG1

Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Sweden 2000–2003, increasing incidence and regional differences

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has gradually become more frequent in most countries of the world. Sweden has remained one of few exceptions to the high occurrence of MRSA in many other countries. During the late 1990s, Sweden experienced a large health-care associated outbreak which with resolute efforts was overcome. Subsequently, MRSA was made a notifiable diagnosis in Sweden in 2000. METHODS: From the start of being a notifiable disease in January 2000, the Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI) initiated an active surveillance of MRSA. RESULTS: The number of reported MRSA-cases in Sweden increased from 325 cases in 2000 to 544 in 2003, corresponding to an overall increase in incidence from 3.7 to 6.1 per 100000 inhabitants. Twenty five per cent of the cases were infected abroad. The domestic cases were predominantly found through cultures taken on clinical indication and the cases infected abroad through screening. There were considerable regional differences in MRSA-incidence and age-distribution of cases. CONCLUSION: The MRSA incidence in Sweden increased over the years 2000–2003. Sweden now poises on the rim of the same development that was seen in the United Kingdom some ten years ago. A quarter of the cases were infected abroad, reflecting that international transmission is now increasingly important in a low-endemic setting. To remain in this favourable situation, stepped up measures will be needed, to identify imported cases, to control domestic outbreaks and to prevent transmission within the health-care sector

Reframing NCDs? An analysis of current debates

There have been many debates in recent years as to whether the communicable disease versus non-communicable disease (NCD) division is a meaningful one in disease classification. Several critiques have been raised about the framing of NCDs, regarding not only the prominent role that infections play in the aetiology of NCDs, but also the communicability of many social determinants of NCDs and the individualistic, ‘lifestyle’ framing of NCDs that tends to focus on health behaviours to the neglect of socio-political, environmental, and structural determinants of health. In this paper, we give a historical overview of the usage of the NCD terminology and analyse some of the recent debates regarding the naming and framing of NCDs. We argue that a lack of reflection on the assumptions underlying the naming and framing of NCDs may lead to the collection of insufficient epidemiological data, the development of inappropriate interventions and the provision of inadequate care. Work in social epidemiology, health promotion, medical anthropology, demography, and other fields may provide insights into the ways in which efforts targeting NCDs may be reframed to improve impact and efficacy. In addition, concepts such as multimorbidity and syndemics, frameworks such as ecosocial theory and approaches based in the social sciences may provide a way forward in the conceptualization of disease

Climate-Smart Landscapes: Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Adaptation and Mitigation in Tropical Agriculture

Addressing the global challenges of climate change, food security, and poverty alleviation requires enhancing the adaptive capacity and mitigation potential of agricultural landscapes across the tropics. However, adaptation and mitigation activities tend to be approached separately due to a variety of technical, political, financial, and socioeconomic constraints. Here, we demonstrate that many tropical agricultural systems can provide both mitigation and adaptation benefits if they are designed and managed appropriately and if the larger landscape context is considered. Many of the activities needed for adaptation and mitigation in tropical agricultural landscapes are the same needed for sustainable agriculture more generally, but thinking at the landscape scale opens a new dimension for achieving synergies. Intentional integration of adaptation and mitigation activities in agricultural landscapes offers significant benefits that go beyond the scope of climate change to food security, biodiversity conservation, and poverty alleviation. However, achieving these objectives will require transformative changes in current policies, institutional arrangements, and funding mechanisms to foster broad‐scale adoption of climate‐smart approaches in agricultural landscapes

Transnational Investments of the Tunisian Diaspora: Trajectories, Skills Accumulation and Constraints

This chapter is based on recent empirical data on Tunisians living in Switzerland. It focuses on their migration pathways and experiences, and it examines their propensity to engage in entrepreneurial and business activities in their home country. Despite the hopes generated by the revolution of 2011, there are many people in Tunisia, especially young males from disadvantaged regions, who have not enjoyed the positive changes in employment opportunities and professional prospects. This has led them to them emigrate to Europe to ensure an income for themselves and their families back in Tunisia. An online survey accompanied by follow-up interviews enabled us to observe the experiences of Tunisian diaspora entrepreneurs and their current and potential future transnational business and investment activities. This chapter shows how the internationalization and accumulation of networks and skills by Tunisians, resulting from the multiple destinations they traversed before arriving to Switzerland, has influenced their professional capacities and their business and entrepreneurial projects in Tunisia. Tunisians feel a strong motivation to contribute to the development process in their home country, and they tend to invest and open businesses in their villages of origin. Several enablers and obstacles that influence their actions are observed. A number of policy recommendations based on the experiences and aspirations of these Tunisians are included in the conclusions