Communicative aspects of professional activity

Today language and communication are the objects of research in different sciences. The article discusses the history of communication, the stress is laid upon the study of communication within the frameworks of public relations.В современном мире язык и коммуникация являются объектом исследования самых разных наук. В статье уделяется внимание истории развития коммуникации, но акцент делается на изучение коммуникации в рамках связей с общественностью

Energy of dispersing of loamy soils to elementary particles using ultrasound

Elementary soil particles are the first soil-specific level in the soil structure hierarchy, which is also the object of the soil texture analysis. To disperse soil solids to elementary soil particles (ESP), it is necessary to break the strong bonds between particles by physical action. An effective way of physical dispersion is to treat soil suspensions with ultrasound. However, depending on the type of soil, the required energy level varies, as it is determined by the stability of the soil structure. In this work the experiment with increasing energy (from 65 to 1 101 J·mL-1) of ultrasonic dispersion at constant power equal to 32.4 W is described. Soil samples from the upper horizons of three types of loamy soils (Retisol, Phaeozem, Chernozem) were used in the experiment. For this purpose, a horn-type ultrasonic disruptor Digital Sonifier S-250D (Branson Ultrasonics, USA) with a stepped solid horn tip (13 mm) was used. It was found that the value of the total energy of dispersion Et required for complete destruction of soil aggregates to ESP depends on soil type and varies within 200–800 J·mL-1 for loamy soils with an organic matter content of 1.8–4.6 g. 100 g-1 soil. For sample preparation of soils for grain-size analysis with a subsequent determination of soil texture class according to Kachinsky classification, the value Et = 250 J·mL-1 is sufficient, as it allows obtaining the maximum amount of physical clay (<10 µm) at the minimum duration of sample preparation

Cybernetic welness of the youth: Psychological aspect

The ever more growing relevance of the issue under evaluation is explained by the wide expansion of digital technology that leads to the necessity to ensure cybernetic wellness of the population, especially the young. The goal of this article is to detect the psychological peculiarities of the Internet dependence of the youth. The leading approach to this issue is the empirical one (psychological evaluation); it allows detection of differences in socialization levels depending on severity of the Internet dependence among the students and the connection between the level of the Internet dependence and socialization for the young. The article analyzes the severity of the modern youth’s Internet dependence, describes the main criteria of the Internet addictions, forms of appearance and motives for development of addictive behavior among the young, stages of Internet addictions. This article may be used by the psychologists that perform psychological follow-up within the framework of psychocorrective, training and consulting jobs with students and the youth suffering of or damaged by Internet dependence, or fighting the consequences of Internet-addiction-based behavior. The article may also interest other specialists working with the young (teachers, social workers). © 2016 Zinnatova et al

Climate and Grazing Effects on the Biomass and Photosynthetic Capacity of Dominant Species in Mongolia Steppe Communities

Global climate change and grazing are the key factors affecting plant productivity in steppe regions of Mongolia. It is important to separate the impacts of these factors and to assess the contribution of each factor to the biomass of pastoral plants. Here, we studied the grazing and climate impact on biomass and functional traits in three dominant species of Mongolian steppe plant communities: Artemisia frigida Willd., Stipa krylovii Roshev., and Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad. Both aridity and grazing significantly influenced the biomass of the studied species but the direction and scope of the changes were species-specific. Grazing had no effect on leaf mass per area (LMA), photosynthesis (

Hygienic evaluation of adequacy of introduction of the five-day training week among students of 10 classes

The article presents the results of a hygienic assessment of the introduction of a five-day school week among schoolchildren. Several indicators of attention of schoolchildren are considered, and their emotional state is also evaluated.В статье приведены результаты гигиенической оценки введения пятидневной учебной недели среди учащихся 10-го класса. В ходе исследования проводилась буквенная корректурная проба (тест Бурдона) с целью оценки концентрации и устойчивости внимания, а также была разработана анкета для определения эмоционального состояния школьников. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали снижение работоспособности в конце четверти, при этом низкие показатели концентрации и устойчивости внимания были, как в понедельник, так и в пятницу. В начале школьной четверти показатели понедельника были выше, чем показатели, подученные в пятницу, и выше показателей, полученных в конце четверти, t ≥2

Structure and Development of Flowers and Inflorescences in Burmannia (Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreales)

Species of the genus Burmannia possess distinctive and highly elaborated flowers with prominent floral tubes that often bear large longitudinal wings. Complicated floral structure of Burmannia hampers understanding its floral evolutionary morphology and biology of the genus. In addition, information on structural features believed to be taxonomically important is lacking for some species. Here we provide an investigation of flowers and inflorescences of Burmannia based on a comprehensive sampling that included eight species with various lifestyles (autotrophic, partially mycoheterotrophic and mycoheterotrophic). We describe the diversity of inflorescence architecture in the genus: a basic (most likely, ancestral) inflorescence type is a thyrsoid comprising two cincinni, which is transformed into a botryoid in some species via reduction of the lateral cymes to single flowers. Burmannia oblonga differs from all the other studied species in having an adaxial (vs. transversal) floral prophyll. For the first time, we describe in detail early floral development in Burmannia. We report presence of the inner tepal lobes in B. oblonga, a species with reportedly absent inner tepals; the growth of the inner tepal lobes is arrested after the middle stage of floral development of this species, and therefore they are undetectable in a mature flower. Floral vasculature in Burmannia varies to reflect the variation of the size of the inner tepal lobes; in B. oblonga with the most reduced inner tepals their vascular supply is completely lost. The gynoecium consists of synascidiate, symplicate, and asymplicate zones. The symplicate zone is secondarily trilocular (except for its distal portion in some of the species) without visible traces of postgenital fusion, which prevented earlier researchers to correctly identify the zones within a definitive ovary. The placentas occupy the entire symplicate zone and a short distal portion of the synascidiate zone. Finally, we revealed an unexpected diversity of stamen-style interactions in Burmannia. In all species studied, the stamens are tightly arranged around the common style to occlude the flower entrance. However, in some species the stamens are free from the common style, whereas in the others the stamen connectives are postgenitally fused with the common style, which results in formation of a gynostegium

The role of Drosophila Merlin in spermatogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Drosophila </it>Merlin, the homolog of the human <it>Neurofibromatosis 2 </it>(<it>NF2</it>) gene, is important for the regulation of cell proliferation and receptor endocytosis. Male flies carrying a <it>Mer</it>³allele, a missense mutation (Met¹⁷⁷→Ile) in the <it>Merlin </it>gene, are viable but sterile; however, the cause of sterility is unknown.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Testis examination reveals that hemizygous <it>Mer</it>³mutant males have small seminal vesicles that contain only a few immotile sperm. By cytological and electron microscopy analyses of the <it>Mer</it>³, <it>Mer</it>⁴(Gln¹⁷⁰→stop), and control testes at various stages of spermatogenesis, we show that <it>Merlin </it>mutations affect meiotic cytokinesis of spermatocytes, cyst polarization and nuclear shaping during spermatid elongation, and spermatid individualization. We also demonstrate that the lethality and sterility phenotype of the <it>Mer</it>⁴mutant is rescued by the introduction of a wild-type <it>Merlin </it>gene. Immunostaining demonstrates that the Merlin protein is redistributed to the area associated with the microtubules of the central spindle in telophase and its staining is less in the region of the contractile ring during meiotic cytokinesis. At the onion stage, Merlin is concentrated in the Nebenkern of spermatids, and this mitochondrial localization is maintained throughout sperm formation. Also, Merlin exhibits punctate staining in the acrosomal region of mature sperm.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>Merlin </it>mutations affect spermatogenesis at multiple stages. The Merlin protein is dynamically redistributed during meiosis of spermatocytes and is concentrated in the Nebenkern of spermatids. Our results demonstrated for the first time the mitochondrial localization of Merlin and suggest that Merlin may play a role in mitochondria formation and function during spermatogenesis.</p

Change of salt tolerance in common wheat after introgression of genetic material from Aegilops speltoides and Triticum timopheevii

To improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), novel genotypes with genomic fragments introgressed from other cereal species are extensively developed. One of the most important abiotic environmental factors that impede the expansion of wheat cultivation areas is soil salinity. Salt-sensitive wheat varieties have poor yield and impaired grain quality when exposed to salinity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of influence of alien genetic material on salinity tolerance in common wheat seedlings. Seedlings of introgression lines carrying single fragments of Aegilops speltoides and T. timopheevii genomes in common wheat chromosomes 2А, 5В, and 6В, were tested for salt tolerance. The parental common spring wheat genotypes Saratovskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 29 and Rodina-1, possessing mode- rate salt tolerance, were used as reference. The expe- riment showed that the presence of the translocation T5BS • 5BL-5SL either in Novosibirskaya 29 or in Rodina-1 increased salt tolerance. On the contrary, another translocation between T. aestivum and Ae. speltoides (T6BS • 6BL-6SL) made wheat more sensitive to salinity. Different fragments of T. timo- pheevii genome had different effects: introgression into the chromosome 2A increased salt tolerance, whereas introgression into chromosome 5B reduced it significantly. The observed differences between the parental wheat genotypes and the introgression lines derived from them are discussed with regard to the locations of alien introgression fragments in the lines tested and the map positions of known wheat QTLs and major genes related to salt tolerance. It is assumed that a locus yet undescribed that affects wheat salt tolerance is located distal to the Xgwm0604 marker on the long arm of chromosome 5B

Reputational Risks of the University in the New Conditions for the Development of Russian Higher Education

Условия развития современного мирового сообщества постоянно изменяются и усложняются, оказывая серьезное влияние на деятельность организаций и предприятий отраслей народного хозяйства. Испытывают на себе влияние изменяющихся условий и высшие учебные заведения. Это проявляется в появлении новых серьезных проблем и рисков, в том числе репутационных, которые требуют особого внимания и реагирования, а также эффективной государственной политики по поддержке отечественных университетов. Цель статьи - рассмотрение новых условий развития российских вузов и определение современных репутационных рисков, возникающих в их деятельности. В ходе исследования были получены следующие результаты: оценка изменившихся условий деятельности вузов страны; идентификация, анализ и обоснование репутационных рисков высших учебных заведений России, обусловленных новыми условиями деятельности и тенденциями развития университетов в последние годы. Возникновение угроз для репутации вузов связано с влиянием различных факторов: давлением мировых санкций и внутригосударственными проблемами, такими, как ухудшение демографической ситуации, трансформация системы высшего образования, снижение показателей подготовки научных кадров и замедление развития академической профессии, распространение коронавирусной инфекции и др. Формируемая государственная политика в сфере высшего образования создает для университетов России перспективы дальнейшего развития, повышения эффективности деятельности и конкурентоспособности на рынке образовательных услуг, а также укрепления их репутации на этой основе. Полученные результаты исследования могут представлять интерес для руководителей высших учебных заведений, профессорско-преподавательского персонала, а также для ученых, изучающих проблемы управления высшей школой.The conditions for the development of the modern world community are constantly changing and becoming more complex. They have a serious impact on the activities of organizations and enterprises in the sectors of the national economy. Higher education institutions are also under the influence of changing conditions. This can be seen via new serious problems and risks, including reputational ones that require special attention and response, and an effective state policy to support domestic universities. The purpose of the article is to consider the new conditions for the development of Russian universities and to determine the current reputational risks in their activities. The following results have been obtained within the study: the changed conditions for the Russian universities’ activities are assessed; the reputational risks of higher education institutions due to the latest operating conditions and development trends are identified, analyzed, and justified. The threats to the universities’ reputation appear due to the pressure of global sanctions and due to domestic problems: the deteriorating demographic situation, the transformation of the higher education system, the decline in the training of scientific personnel, the slowdown in the development of the academic profession, the spread of coronavirus infection, etc. Today’s state policy in the field of higher education creates prospects for further development of Russian universities, for increasing the efficiency of their activities and competitiveness in the educational services market, and, on this basis, for strengthening their reputation. The results of our research may be of interest to the heads of higher educational institutions, to their teaching staff, as well as to the scholars who study the problems of higher education management

Gravitational Instabilities and Wave Perturbations in Static Self-Gravitating Mediums

В работе в рамках нелокальной теории гравитации в нерелятивистском пределе рассматривается распространение малых возмущений в самогравитирующих средах. Показано, что при определенных условиях одновременный учет темной материи и темной энергии позволяет сделать корректной математическую постановку задачи Джинса о гравитационной неустойчивости статической однородной сплошной среды. Получен закон дисперсии малых одномерных возмущений. Исследованы гравитационные неустойчивости, возникающие в таких системах.In the paper within the nonlocal theory of gravitation in the nonrelativistic limit the propagation of small perturbations in self-gravitating mediums is considered. It is shown that under certain conditions the simultaneous consideration of dark matter and dark energy allows one to make a correct mathematical statement of the Jeans problem about the gravitational instability of a static homogeneous continuous medium. The law of dispersion of small one dimensional perturbations is obtained. The gravitational instabilities arising in such systems are investigated