Contractions of Filippov algebras

We introduce in this paper the contractions $\mathfrak{G}_c$ of $n$-Lie (or Filippov) algebras $\mathfrak{G}$ and show that they have a semidirect structure as their $n=2$ Lie algebra counterparts. As an example, we compute the non-trivial contractions of the simple $A_{n+1}$ Filippov algebras. By using the \.In\"on\"u-Wigner and the generalized Weimar-Woods contractions of ordinary Lie algebras, we compare (in the $\mathfrak{G}=A_{n+1}$ simple case) the Lie algebras Lie$\,\mathfrak{G}_c$ (the Lie algebra of inner endomorphisms of $\mathfrak{G}_c$) with certain contractions $(\mathrm{Lie}\,\mathfrak{G})_{IW}$ and $(\mathrm{Lie}\,\mathfrak{G})_{W-W}$ of the Lie algebra Lie$\,\mathfrak{G}$ associated with $\mathfrak{G}$.Comment: plain latex, 36 pages. A few misprints corrected. This v3 is actually v2 (v1 had been replaced by itself by error). To appear in J. Math. Phy

Corporate social responsibility, job satisfaction, and customer orientation in Angola

This study sought to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employees' costumer orientation through the mediating role of job satisfaction for a sample of tourism and hospitality employees in Angola. Data were collected from 125 respondents using anonymously completed structured questionnaires. Perceived CSR was assessed by the scale developed by Martínez et al. (2013), which includes social, economic and environmental issues. Job satisfaction was measured using Lima et al.'s (1994) job-facet scale, while customer orientation was evaluated using a reduced version of Saxe and Weitz's (1982) customer-orientation scale. The three dimensions of CSR in question have dissimilar levels of association with customer orientation. Only perceptions of company engagement in social CSR practices explain employees' customer orientation, and the relationship is partially mediated by job satisfaction. Additional studies with larger samples and longitudinal designs are needed to determine further the influence of CSR on employees' job satisfaction and customer orientation.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Internal variation temperature analysis and thermal mapping of a central processing unit (CPU)

This work aims to analyze the internal temperature variation of the central processing unit (CPU) of a personal computer, through the development of three distinct scenarios: one for reference and two aiming at its performance improvement. The finite volume method (FVM) was applied. Thus, Hypermesh 13.0 software was used for geometric model development and for surface mesh generation. For model contour conditions configuration, virtual simulation and post-processing, Starccm+ software was used. The results of this work indicated hot spots due to the heat dissipated during the operation of the CPU components. As expected, the processor region presented the highest temperatures in all proposed scenarios. The opening on the side of the cabinet, proposed in scenario 2, allowed a temperature reduction of about 18 °C in the processor region. In turn, scenario 3, in which heat exchangers were used in order to minimize the temperature of the hot air from the recirculation in the processor region, showed a minimum temperature reduction (about 3 °C) when compared to scenario 1

Comparative bioavailability of two digoxin formulations: determination in human plasma by microparticle enzyme immunoassay

The present study was performed to compare the bioavailability of two digoxin 0.25 mg tablet formulation in 30 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted open with randomized two period crossover design and a three-week washout period. Plasma samples were obtained over a 144 h interval. Digoxin concentrations were analyzed by a validated microparticle enzyme immunoassay with optical detection by fluorescence. Bioequivalence between the products was determined by calculating 90 % confidence intervals (90 % I.C) for the ratio of AUC0-72h and Cmax values for the test and reference products, using logarithmic transformed data. The 90 % confidence intervals were 86.98-118.33 %, and 84.52–98.76 %, respectively. Since the 90 % confidence intervals for Cmax and AUC0-72h were within the 80-125 % interval proposed by Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that the two Digoxin formulations are bioequivalent in their rate and extent of absorption.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Comparative bioavailability of two digoxin formulations: determination in human plasma by microparticle enzyme immunoassay

The present study was performed to compare the bioavailability of two digoxin 0.25 mg tablet formulation in 30 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted open with randomized two period crossover design and a three-week washout period. Plasma samples were obtained over a 144 h interval. Digoxin concentrations were analyzed by a validated microparticle enzyme immunoassay with optical detection by fluorescence. Bioequivalence between the products was determined by calculating 90 % confidence intervals (90 % I.C) for the ratio of AUC0-72h and Cmax values for the test and reference products, using logarithmic transformed data. The 90 % confidence intervals were 86.98-118.33 %, and 84.52–98.76 %, respectively. Since the 90 % confidence intervals for Cmax and AUC0-72h were within the 80-125 % interval proposed by Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that the two Digoxin formulations are bioequivalent in their rate and extent of absorption.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Uso, Acesso E Equidade Nos Serviços De Saúde Em São Paulo, Brasil

The study analyzed how socioeconomic factors are associated with seeking, access, use, and quality of health care services in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were obtained from two household health surveys in São Paulo. We used logistic regression to analyze associations between socioeconomic factors and seeking, access, use, and quality of health care services. Access to health care services was high among those who sought it (94.91% in 2003 and 94.98% in 2008). The proportion of access to and use of health care services did not change significantly from 2003 to 2008. Use of services in the public sector was more frequent in lower socioeconomic groups. There were some socioeconomic differences in seeking health care and resolution of health problems. The study showed almost universal access to health care services, but the results suggest problems in quality of services and differences in quality experienced by lower socioeconomic groups, who mostly use the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS).33

The influence of the textural properties of activated carbons on acetaminophen adsorption at different temperatures

The influence of temperature (20–40 °C) on the acetaminophen adsorption onto activated carbons with different textures was studied. Different temperature dependences, not explained by kinetic effects, were observed for carbons with different micropore size distribution patterns: adsorption capacity increased for pine gasification residues (Pi-fa) derived carbons and decreased for sisal based materials. No significant variation was seen for carbon CP. The species identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy on the back-extraction solution proved that during the adsorption process exist the conditions required to promote the formation of acetaminophen oligomers which have constrained access to the narrow microporosity. The rotation energy of the dihedral angle between monomers (estimated by electronic DFT methods) showed that conformations in the planar form are less stable than the non-planar conformation (energy barrier of 70 and 23 kJ mol-1), but have critical dimensions similar to the monomer and can access most of the micropore volume. The enthalpy change of the overall process showed that the energy gain of the system (endothermic) for Pi-fa samples (˜40 kJ mol-1) was enough to allow a change in the dimer, or even a larger oligomer, conformation to the planar form. This will permit adsorption in the narrow micropores, thus explaining the uptake increase with temperature. Non-continuous micropore size distributions centered at pore widths close to the critical dimensions of the planar form seem to be crucial for a positive evolution of the adsorption capacity with temperature

Bona fide, strong-variable galactic luminous blue variable stars are fast rotators: Detection of a high rotational velocity in HR Carinae

We report optical observations of the luminous blue variable (LBV) HR Carinae which show that the star has reached a visual minimum phase in 2009. More importantly, we detected absorptions due to SiIV λλ4088-4116. To match their observed line profiles from 2009 May, a high rotational velocity of v rot ≃ 150 ∼ 20 km s-1 is needed (assuming an inclination angle of 30°), implying that HR Car rotates at ≃0.88 ∼ 0.2 of its critical velocity for breakup (vcrit). Our results suggest that fast rotation is typical in all strong-variable, bona fide galactic LBVs, which present S-Dor-type variability. Strong-variable LBVs are located in a well-defined region of the HR diagram during visual minimum (the "LBV minimum instability strip"). We suggest this region corresponds to where v crit is reached. To the left of this strip, a forbidden zone with vrot/vcrit>1 is present, explaining why no LBVs are detected in this zone. Since dormant/ex LBVs like P Cygni and HD 168625 have low v rot, we propose that LBVs can be separated into two groups: fast-rotating, strong-variable stars showing S-Dor cycles (such as AG Car and HR Car) and slow-rotating stars with much less variability (such as P Cygni and HD 168625). We speculate that supernova (SN) progenitors which had S-Dor cycles before exploding (such as in SN 2001ig, SN 2003bg, and SN 2005gj) could have been fast rotators. We suggest that the potential difficulty of fast-rotating Galactic LBVs to lose angular momentum is additional evidence that such stars could explode during the LBV phase.Instituto de Astrofísica de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICO – PESQUEROS DEL GÉNERO CYNOSCION (PISCES: SCIAENIDAE) EN EL GOLFO DE MONTIJO, PACÍFICO PANAMEÑO

 The size structure, weight and reproductive patterns of five species of corvinas in the genus Cynoscion was determined in the Gulf of Montijo between April of 2003 and March of 2004. Samples were collected at disembarkation sites (Palo Seco) and fishing boats (in the middle and outer parts of the Gulf) using gillnets with an opening of 7,62 cm (Mesh 3) and 8,89 cm (Mesh 3,5). Sampling was performed monthly with a three-day sampling effort per locality per month. At each sampling site, specimens were identified to species, measured, weighted and gonads were extracted, weighted and classified by color and shape. With this information, the stages of gonadal development were established and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) was calculated. The total volumes in landings for corvina were obtained through the Dirección de Recursos Marinos y Costeros of the Autoridad Marítima de Panama for years for Palo Seco in years 2002-2003. Also, the total fishing volume from the Gulf of Montijo was obtained from the Contraloría General de la República. Cynoscion squamipinnis and C. phoxocephalus presented continuous reproduction. Maximum reproductive activity occurred between October and March. Reproductive and spawning peaks occurred between October and December as reflected by the GSI behavior. In both species, the size frequencies compared to the minimum reproductive size (L50) indicated that pre-reproductive recruitment occurs before than fishing. For C. albus fishing takes place before the reproductive recruitment takes place because the largest number of individuals are represented in the earlier stages of development. This is reflected by the low GSI. C. reticulatus and C. stolzmanni were poorly represented in the catching. There was no possibility of doing population inference on this species. The peak of reproductive activity coincides with the periods of greatest catch, which can negatively impact the resource. There was an inverse relationship between the maximum volumes of catch vs. the number of fishing boats operating in the area. An increase in the fishing effort resulted in a decrease in the capture of fish in the Gulf of Montijo between 1998 and 2003.  Entre abril de 2003 y marzo de 2004, se determinó la estructura de tallas, pesos y patrones reproductivos de cinco especies de corvinas del género Cynoscion en el Golfo de Montijo. Se realizaron muestreos en puntos de desembarco (Palo Seco) y a bordo de embarcaciones (parte media y externa del Golfo) con el uso de trasmallos de 7.62 cm (malla 3) y 8.89 cm (malla 3.5) de luz de malla. Los muestreos se realizaron mensualmente, con una duración de tres días en cada localidad. En cada zona los ejemplares fueron identificados, medidos, pesados y se les extrajo las gónadas, las cuales fueron pesadas y clasificadas con base a criterios morfocromáticos, lo cual permitió establecer estadios de desarrollo gonadal y calcular el índice gonadosomático (IGS). Se determinaron los volúmenes de captura de corvinas para los años 2002 – 2003 y los volúmenes totales de pesca y cantidad de embarcaciones registradas para el Golfo de Montijo. Cynoscion squamipinnis y C. phoxocephalus presentaron reproducción continua, con máxima actividad entre octubre y marzo, con picos de madurez y desove entre octubre y diciembre, lo cual se ve reflejado en el comportamiento del IGS. En ambas especies la comparación de la frecuencia de tallas capturadas con la talla mínima reproductiva (L50) indica que el reclutamiento reproductivo ocurre antes que el reclutamiento pesquero. Para C. albus el reclutamiento pesquero ocurre antes que el reproductivo, pues la mayor cantidad de individuos capturados se presentaron en fases tempranas del ciclo gonadal, lo que se ve reflejado en bajos valores del IGS. Para C. reticulatus y C. stolzmanni, la poca representatividad en las capturas no permitió hacer inferencias poblacionales. La época de máxima actividad reproductiva coincide con la época de máximos volúmenes de capturas para las corvinas, lo que puede impactar de manera negativa el recurso. El análisis de los volúmenes totales de capturas contra registro de embarcaciones indica una relación inversa, por lo que un aumento en el esfuerzo pesquero reflejó una disminución en los volúmenes de captura para peces en el Golfo de Montijo entre 1998 y 2003

Study of comparative bioavailability among two formulations containing hydroxyzine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers after a single dose administration

The study was performed to compare the bioavailability of two hydroxyzine hydrochloride 25 mg tablet formulation in 16 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted open with randomized two period crossover design and a two weeks wash out period. Plasma samples were obtained over a 96 h interval. Hydroxyzine concentrations were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioequivalence between the products was determined by calculating 90 % confidence intervals (90 % I.C) for the ratio of AUC0-t , AUC0-inf and Cmax values for the test and reference products, using logarithmic transformed data. The 90 % confidence intervals were 81.89-105.85 %, 84.61-105.30 %, and 84.04-108.66 %, respectively. Since the 90 % confidence intervals for Cmax , AUC0-t and AUC0-inf were within the 80-125 % interval proposed by the Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that the two hydroxyzine hydrochloride formulations are bioequivalent in their rate and extent of absorption.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire