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Micro- and Nanocapillary Structures Based on Dielectric Materials to Focus the Ion Beams
The 255 keV and 150 keV proton beams transmission through tapered glass capillaries with 10 ΞΌm and
5 ΞΌm outlet diameters, respectively, were studied. The dependence of the output current on input current
and the dependence of coefficient of proton beam transmission through capillary on the tilt angle of the capillary
with respect to the beam axis were investigated. The focusing and guiding effects for transmitted
proton beams were observed.
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Peculiarities of proton transmission through tapered glass capillaries
A study of the 150β320 keV proton beam transmission through
tapered glass (borosilicate) capillaries with different diameters of the input and output of the capillary was performed. The focusing effect was observed. The areal
density of the transmitted beam is enhanced by approximately 20 times. It was shown that changing a taper angle from 0.5 deg to 1.7 deg evidences increase of the
transmission coefficient by more than 300 times keeping the initial energy spectrum of ions. The ion transmission through self-ordered nanoporous alumina membranes prepared by anodic oxidation of high-purity aluminium was studied for different energies of ions
Peculiarities of proton transmission through tapered glass capillaries
A study of the 150β320 keV proton beam transmission through tapered glass (borosilicate) capillaries with diο¬erent diameters of the input and output of the capillary was performed. The focusing eο¬ect was observed. The areal density of the transmitted beam is enhanced by approximately 20 times. It was shown that changing a taper angle from 0.5 deg to 1.7 deg evidences increase of the transmission coeο¬cient by more than 300 times keeping the initial energy spectrum of ions. The ion transmission through self-ordered nanoporous alumina membranes prepared by anodic oxidation of high-purity aluminium was studied for diο¬erent energies of ions
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅
The results of a fundamental research is presented confirming two hypotheses concerning the process of a crop harvestΒ forming and transpiration as the two main bio-energetic factors of fertility. Transpiration is a thermodynamic process inΒ an open self-organizing system, which has a dissipative random character. Transpiration consumes about 95 percent of theΒ water consumed by the plant. (Purpose of research) The research objective is to obtain results confirming two hypotheses, according to which the efficiency of the process of crop formation is due to transpiration as a bio-energy factor of fertility and its components: photosynthetic exergy and thermal exergy. (Methods and materials) The basic principles of thermodynamic systems self-organization, as well as methods of experimental studies of the principle of subordination to the parameter of the order in which the system control variable is dependent on parameter of the order. The relation of the order parameter (thermal exergy of solar radiation (SR)) and the variable control (transpiration) was determined. The values of the correlation coefficients of these two processes have a value close to one. This confirms that transpiration is a dissipative self-organizing process underlying the transpiration irrigation mechanism. It is revealed that a fractal dimension of a time series of transpiration of cucumber with natural light, a potato is artificial, and their probability haracteristics: the mathematical expectation, standard deviation and variance. (Results and discussion) We received confirmation of the scientific hypothesis about the influence of limiting climatic factors on the theoretical limit of plant productivity and fractal dimension of transpiration as an indicator of production processes in crop production. (Conclusions) We put forward supplemental scientific hypothesis about the influence of limiting climatic factors on the theoretical limit of plant productivity. It was showed that under artificial light intensity of shoots of potatoes fractal dimension is equal to 1.1, and the variance of the temporary random number of transpiration series decreased more than 6 times compared to the same time series under natural light of SRΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ.Β Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 95 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. (Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Β ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π°: ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. (ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ) Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Β ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° (ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π‘Π)) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ). ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ,Β ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ: ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ. (Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅. (ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΒ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.Β ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° 1,1,Β Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² 6 ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΒ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π
Live imaging of micro and macro wettability variations of carbonate oil reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery and CO/ trapping/storage
Carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs are considered as potential candidates for chemically enhanced oil recovery and for COΒ² geological storage. However, investigation of one main controlling parameterβwettabilityβis usually performed by conventional integral methods at the core-scale. Moreover, literature reports show that wettability distribution may vary at the micro-scale due to the chemical heterogeneity of the reservoir and residing fluids. These differences may profoundly affect the derivation of other reservoir parameters such as relative permeability and capillary pressure, thus rendering subsequent simulations inaccurate. Here we developed an innovative approach by comparing the wettability distribution on carbonates at micro and macro-scale by combining live-imaging of controlled condensation experiments and X-ray mapping with sessile drop technique. The wettability was quantified by measuring the differences in contact angles before and after aging in palmitic, stearic and naphthenic acids. Furthermore, the influence of organic acids on wettability was examined at micro-scale, which revealed wetting heterogeneity of the surface (i.e., mixed wettability), while corresponding macro-scale measurements indicated hydrophobic wetting properties. The thickness of the adsorbed acid layer was determined, and it was correlated with the wetting properties. These findings bring into question the applicability of macro-scale data in reservoir modeling for enhanced oil recovery and geological storage of greenhouse gases
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
The necessary condition for obtaining high yields is the management of plant production processes in closed artificial agroecosystems. It is important to control the intensity of these processes in a dynamic mode. (Research purpose) To develop a non-destructive method for controlling the plant productivity growth to create algorithms for controlling the plant production processes. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the dependence of plant productivity on leaf temperature. They determined the increase in plant leaf mass using digital scales, studied the leaf temperature and the control object with a pyrometric thermometer and measured the leaf surface area. (Results and discussion) The authors obtained the values of plant and environmental parameters and, taking into account the moisture consumption for transpiration cooling, determined the values of the lettuce leaf mass growth (Latuca sativa L.), which would be used in conjunction with other measured plant and environmental parameters to control the limiting factors in closed artificial agroecosystems. (Conclusions) The authors developed a non-destructive method to control plant productivity growth in climatic chambers using the example of Krasnyy Dubolistnyy lettuce. It was determined that the green mass growth rate had a maximum if the mass of cooling water during evaporation was 0.65 gram. That meant the plant tried to maximize the use of free energy and the productive factors that determined it. The weight values calculated from the experiment results (2.0 grams) corresponded to the data obtained at the Omsk State Agrarian University (1.9 gram) with an accuracy of 5 percent.Π Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ β Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Π². ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅. Β (Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. (ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΠ·ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Β (Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ° (Latuca sativaβ
L.), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
. (ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° 0,65 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (2,0 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°) ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ (1,9 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°), Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 5 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
Two New Species of \u3ci\u3eHermeuptychia\u3c/i\u3e from North America and Three Neotype Designations (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Abstract
Two new species of Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964 are described. Hermeuptychia sinuosa Grishin, sp. n. (type locality Guatemala: El Progreso, MorazΓ‘n) is an isolated member of the genus that does not readily fit into known species groups, as suggested by its distinct male and female genitalia and COI DNA barcode sequences. It is distinguished from its congeners by prominently wavy submarginal lines, rounder wings and distinctive genitalia, and can typically be identified by a white dot, instead of an eyespot, near the ventral hindwing apex. Hermeuptychia occidentalis Grishin, sp. n. (type locality Mexico: Guerrero, Acapulco) belongs to the Hermeuptychia sosybius group as indicated by the presence of androconia on the dorsal surface of the wings, genitalia and COI DNA barcodes, and in addition to DNA characters, differs from its relatives in the shape of the uncus and female genitalia. Neotypes of Oreas strigata canthe HΓΌbner, [1811] (type locality Suriname: Gelderland, Suriname River), Megisto acmenis HΓΌbner, 1823 (type locality Argentina: Buenos Aires), and Satyrus cantheus Godart, [1824] (type locality USA: Florida, Pinellas County, St. Petersburg) and lectotype of Euptychia celmis var. bonaΓ«rensis [sic] Burmeister, 1878 (type locality Argentina: Buenos Aires) are designated. These designations establish Hermeuptychia canthe as a valid species widely distributed in South America from Colombia to Bolivia and southeast Brazil, Euptychia celmis var. bonaΓ«rensis [sic] Burmeister, 1878 as a junior objective synonym of Yphthimoides acmenis, and S. cantheus as a junior subjective synonym of Hermeuptychia sosybius (Fabricius, 1793). Papilio camerta Cramer, 1780 is treated as nomen dubium requiring further studies to determine an identity that is consistent with the original description, as it may be conspecific with Paryphthimoides poltys (Prittwitz, 1865) instead of being a Hermeuptychia species as currently assumed.
Resumen
Se describe dos nuevas especies de Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964. Hermeuptychia sinuosa Grishin, sp. n. (localidad tipo Guatemala: El Progreso, MorazΓ‘n), es un componente aislado del gΓ©nero que no encaja fΓ‘cilmente en los grupos de especies conocidas, como lo indica su distintiva genitalia masculina y femenina y las secuencias de ADN del cΓ³digo de barras COI. Se distingue de sus congΓ©neres por tener lΓneas submarginales prominentemente onduladas, alas mΓ‘s redondas y genitales diferentes, y se puede identificar tΓpicamente por un punto blanco, en lugar de una mancha ocular, cerca del Γ‘pice ventral del ala anterior. Hermeuptychia occidentalis Grishin, sp. n. (localidad tipo MΓ©xico: Guerrero, Acapulco) pertenece al grupo de Hermeuptychia sosybius como lo indica la presencia de androconia en las alas anteriores, la estructura genital y secuencias de ADN de la regiΓ³n del cΓ³digo de barras COI, y ademΓ‘s de caracteres del ADN, se diferencia de sus parientes en la forma del uncus y la genitalia femenina. Se designa neotipos para Oreas strigata canthe HΓΌbner, [1811] (localidad tipo Surinam: Gelderland, RΓo Surinam), Megisto acmenis HΓΌbner, 1823 (localidad tipo Argentina: Buenos Aires), y Satyrus cantheus Godart, [1824] (localidad tipo Estados Unidos: Florida, Pinellas County, St. Petersburg), y el lectotipo de Euptychia celmis var. bonaΓ«rensis [sic] Burmeister, 1878 (localidad tipo Argentina: Buenos Aires). Estas designaciones establecen a Hermeuptychia canthe como una especie vΓ‘lida ampliamente distribuida en AmΓ©rica del Sur desde Colombia hasta Bolivia y el sureste de Brasil, a Euptychia celmis var. bonaΓ«rensis [sic] Burmeister, 1878 como sinΓ³nimo objetivo mΓ‘s reciente de Yphthimoides acmenis, y a S. cantheus como sinΓ³nimo subjetivo mΓ‘s reciente de Hermeuptychia sosybius (Fabricius, 1793). Papilio camerta Cramer, 1780 es tratado como un nomen dubium requiriendo mΓ‘s estudios para determinar una identidad que sea consistente con la descripciΓ³n original, ya que puede ser coespecΓfica con Paryphthimoides poltys (Prittwitz, 1865) en lugar de ser una especie de Hermeuptychia como se asume actualmente.
COI = c oxidase subunit
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