The process approach in a deyatelnyost of industrial company

© Medwell Journals, 2017. The study is devoted to historical and methodological issues of application of the process approach in the practice of industrial enterprises. It is concluded that the development of industrial production and the increasing complexity of consumer preferences, evolving tools and process approach, from the division of labor in the sequence of manufacturing operations to the build process in the form of networking-based infrastructure platform. The process approach is the most important sign of improved management of not only individual institutions but also their associations. The process is called a set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms Inputs into Outputs (ISO). The yield of the process (product) is of value for the consumer. When people talk about the process approach is meant primarily that the management of the process and each of the works included in it (activity subprocess, the process of a second or subsequent levels or function) takes place with the use of special instructional techniques, fairly well developed and avoids many error. Thus, scientists have presented three basic value creation process. The first-a chain of value creation which is strictly a serial production process of creating a specific product. Sustainable advantage of the value chain is achieved through constant monitoring of these parameters, reduction of all types of costs, improve business processes and increase production quality. An important criterion for the chain-is effective. Workshop of value creation aimed at solving consumer problems which causes non-linearity of the production process and presenting it as a set of specific projects. It becomes an important degree of uniqueness of the problems to be solved and which determines the market size and the size of the value created and the level of qualification of the personnel. Value creation chain is considered as a process of creating infrastructure, uniting consumers wishing to be temporarily interdependent while remaining generally independent and separated in space and time. In this case, there are two production processes: the process of creating and maintaining infrastructure and multiple processes of the same type of interaction of users with each other. A key feature of the network of value creation - the maximum operating efficiency of existing infrastructure and increase the value of its customer base both for the participants and for third parties. With the development of the economic environment of the organization functioning, use of computer technologies in production processes is changing the organization of the process itself: from a linear sequential set of activities goes into the organization's unique network of interactions. In the late 60's process approach found its application in the description of the design and modeling stages primarily software. A number of developed tools based process approach: SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique)-technology of structural analysis and design; WFD (Work Flow Diagram)-workflow diagrams; DFD (Data Flow Diagram)-diagrams of data streams; ERD (Entity Relation Diagram)-diagram "entity-relationship"; STD (State Transition Diagrams)-state transition diagram. These tools allow to visually represent various processes (workflow, information and resource flows) in the form of graphic models made it possible to optimize processes in order to reduce the development cycle. With the introduction of the process approach in the industrial activity of the enterprise it is important to adhere to the following principles: the principle of the relationship process-reveals the interconnectedness not only stages of the process but also the network of processes in a controlled process. The principle of demand process-takes into account the relevance of the process and its individual stages and phases and focus on a particular demanded result. The principle of documenting processes-allows to standardize the process to get a basis for changes and further development of the process as an information bank documented analytical data; the principle of process control-defines the process boundaries, its timing and the planned key performance indicators. The principle of responsibility for the process-uses a variety of specialists and staff and delineates areas of responsibility for the process and its results. Thus, the process approach is one of the tools of production activities is not only an individual of any enterprise but some entities including cluster. Using a process approach in the planning and organization of production affects the formation of the market paradigm and application of scientific approaches, forming a new type of production and the level of development of production tools

Stress Cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy)

In this article we describe a rare clinical condition of stress cardiomyopathy (takotsubo cardiomyopathy) for which we, despite controversy and lack of data, identified the main pathogenic pathways (including the direct toxic effect of catecholamines on the myocardium, catecholamine-mediated myocardial stunning, and microcirculation disorders). After the systematic review, we identified the distinct pathology features of this condition and new diagnostic strategies

About methods of teaching of information security

The article reveals the problem of information security and presents a method of teaching information security at the University. The ways of formation of competences and conditions of their successful development are describedВ статье раскрыта проблема защиты информации и представлена методика преподавания информационной безопасности в вузе. Описаны способы формирования компетенций и условия их успешного освоени

Sustainable condition of the agricultural sector’s environmental, economic, and social components from the perspective of open innovation

The aim of the study is to elaborate an econometric model to determine the conditions for ensuring the balanced development of environmental, economic, and social components of the Russian agricultural sector within the Eastern European region. The method of fuzzy sets was used to build an integral model for assessing the level of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in Eastern Europe on the basis of economic, environmental, and social sustainability indicators. The control indicators (independent variables) and integral economic, environmental, social sustainability (dependent variables) helped build multifactor linear regression models and calculate the indicators of elasticity of dependent variables from independent variables, which characterize the change in sustainable development indicators with the growth of controlling factors by 1%. This model allows us to define and analyze the levels of sustainable development of the industry, both in a specific country and within the region in general. The study shows that, for Russia and Eastern European countries, innovation is one of the crucial factors in ensuring sustainable development of agriculture in the region, taking into account the current state and level of economic development. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

The Introduction of 1C:University Prof. in Higher Education Institutions

В статье рассматривается программный продукт «1С: Университет», который способствует совершенствованию документооборота в образовательной организации. Показаны основные достоинства и недостатки «1С: Университет», а также представлена актуальность применения данной программной реализации в образовательном процессе.The article discusses the software product "1C: University", which contributes to the improvement of document management in an educational organization. The main advantages and disadvantages of "1C: University" are shown, and the relevance of the application of this software implementation in the educational process is presented

Эволюция методики и новые протоколы ультразвукового исследования легких при COVID-19 пневмониях

Competent triage of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is not only about efficient allocation of hospital resources, but also about making timely decisions that can ultimately save the patient's life. When healthcare facility is overloaded, computed tomography to assess the severity of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in each individual case is not always possible. Alternative solutions, however, are opted.The aim of the study was to develop Lung UltraSound (LUS) protocols with high diagnostic potential for assessing the severity of pneumonia caused by COVID-19, which can be reliably used instead of CT during triage in an emergency setting.Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data on 161 hospitalized patients with confirmed pneumonia caused by COVID-19, subjected to both CT and LUS within 24 hours after hospitalization. Three consecutive LUS protocols, including two LUS developed by the NMHC (National Medical Surgical Center) authors, were tested to choose the most reliable protocol for assessing the severity of lung damage in pneumonia caused by COVID-19 (based on correlation with chest CT results). We also checked the applicability of LUS for the prognosis of the disease.Results. Moderate (50% CT) and severe (50% CT) lung damage can be distinguished when using both - the 16-zone and 12-zone LUS NMHC scanning protocols. The AUC for the ROC curves was almost identical: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.90 and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73–0.88) for the 16-zone and 12-zone LUS NMHC protocols, respectively. The 16-zone LUS NMHC had an optimal threshold of 20 scores with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 82%, while the 12-zone LUS NMHC provided an optimal threshold of 15 scores with the same sensitivity but lower specificity — only 73%. Neither the 16-zone nor the 12-zone NMHC LUS protocols could predict the outcome.Conclusion. The newly developed 16- and 12-zone LUS NMHC scanning protocols for patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 proved to be easy to implement, demonstrating a strong correlation with CT results. The 16-zone LUS NMHC protocol is probably more relevant for triage of patients with more than 50% of pulmonary tissue involvement based on CT data. Both protocols can be useful in emergency settings and in medical institutions with limited or no access to CT.Сортировка пациентов с COVID-19 пневмонией — очень зависимая от времени задача, которая позволяет эффективно распределить ресурсы больницы, что в конечном итоге может привести к спасению жизни пациента.Проблемы использования компьютерной томографии в перегруженной системе здравоохранения требуют поиска дополнительных методов дифференцировки тяжести пневмонии, вызванной COVID-19.Цель исследования — разработка протоколов ультразвукового исследования легких (Lung Ultra-Sound — LUS) с высокими диагностическими характеристиками для определения тяжести пневмонии, вызванной COVID-19, которые можно использовать вместо КТ во время сортировки в условиях неотложной помощи.Материалы и методы. Провели ретроспективный анализ данных о 161 госпитализированном пациенте с подтвержденной пневмонией, вызванной COVID-19, которым в течение 24 ч после госпитализации выполнили как КТ, так и LUS. Три последовательных протокола LUS, в том числе два, разработанные авторами LUS NMHC (National Medical-Surgical Center), тестировали, чтобы выбрать из них наиболее надежный для определения выраженности повреждения легких при пневмонии, вызванной COVID-19 (исходя из корреляции с результатами КТ грудной клетки). Проверили также применимость LUS для построения прогноза заболевания.Результаты. С помощью как 16-зонного, так и 12-зонного LUS NMHC протокола можно различать умеренное (50% по КТ) и тяжелое (50% по КТ) повреждение легких. AUC для кривых ROC была почти идентична: 0,83 (95% СИ, 0,75–0,90) и 0,81 (95% СИ 0,73–0,88) для 16-зонного и 12-зонного LUS NMHC протоколов, соответственно. 16-зонный LUS NMHC имел оптимальный порог 20 баллов с чувствительностью 67% и специфичностью 82%, в то время как 12-зонный LUS NMHC обеспечивал оптимальный порог 15 баллов с той же чувствительностью, но более низкой специфичностью — только 73%. Ни по 16-зонному, ни по 12-зонному LUS-протоколам NMHC нельзя было прогнозировать исход.Заключение. Недавно разработанные 16- и 12-зонные протоколы LUS NMHC для пациентов с пневмонией, вызванной COVID-19, оказались просто выполнимыми и имели сильную корреляцию с результатами КТ. 16-зонный протокол LUS NMHC вероятно более применим для сортировки пациентов, у которых по КТ имеется более 50% объема повреждения легких. Оба протокола могут быть полезны в условиях неотложной помощи и в медицинских учреждениях с ограниченным или отсутствующим доступом к КТ

Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods

Climate change has led to concerns about increasing river floods resulting from the greater water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere1. These concerns are reinforced by evidence of increasing economic losses associated with flooding in many parts of the world, including Europe2. Any changes in river floods would have lasting implications for the design of flood protection measures and flood risk zoning. However, existing studies have been unable to identify a consistent continental-scale climatic-change signal in flood discharge observations in Europe3, because of the limited spatial coverage and number of hydrometric stations. Here we demonstrate clear regional patterns of both increases and decreases in observed river flood discharges in the past five decades in Europe, which are manifestations of a changing climate. Our results\u2014arising from the most complete database of European flooding so far\u2014suggest that: increasing autumn and winter rainfall has resulted in increasing floods in northwestern Europe; decreasing precipitation and increasing evaporation have led to decreasing floods in medium and large catchments in southern Europe; and decreasing snow cover and snowmelt, resulting from warmer temperatures, have led to decreasing floods in eastern Europe. Regional flood discharge trends in Europe range from an increase of about 11 per cent per decade to a decrease of 23 per cent. Notwithstanding the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the observational record, the flood changes identified here are broadly consistent with climate model projections for the next century4,5, suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening and supporting calls for the consideration of climate change in flood risk management