36 Months Survivability And Its Predictors In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure And Decreased Fraction Of Left Ventricular Ejection Depending On Sex

Aim of the work: to compare survivability parameters during 36 months and their predictors among men and women with chronic heart failure and decreased fraction of left ventricular ejection.Materials and methods: the research included 356 patients with CHF (NYHA ІІ –ІV) with decreased LVEF<40 %, 18–75 years old. Using Kaplan-Meier method, there was analyzed the survivability in men and women during 36 months, then there were analyzed independent factors that influenced survivability terms depending on sex using the multiple logistic regression.Results. Our analysis of the survivability of patients with CHF with decreased LVEF demonstrated that the cumulative survival after 3 years of observation was 49 and 51 % for men and women, respectively. The curves of 36 months survivability didn\u27t reliably differ. At the analysis of factors, associated with the bad prognosis, there were observed differences between groups of men and women with CHF. Thus, in men the predictors of 36 month survival were: the thickness of the right ventricle wall, size of the right atrium, end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume of LV, indices of EDV and ESV of LV, urinary acid level, value of LVEF. In women the predictors of survivability during 3 years were the following parameters: BMI, DM type 2 in an anamnesis, end-diastolic size of LV, end-systolic size of LV, blood glucose level, LVEF.Conclusion. The survivability of men and women with CHF with decreased LVEF during 36 months didn\u27t reliably differ and was 49 and 51 % respectively. But predictors of the lethal outcome in men and women essentially differed during 36 months, and their number is essentially higher in men

Climate variation influences host specificity in avian malaria parasites

Parasites with low host specificity (e.g. infecting a large diversity of host species) are of special interest in disease ecology, as they are likely more capable of circumventing ecological or evolutionary barriers to infect new hosts than are specialist parasites. Yet for many parasites, host specificity is not fixed and can vary in response to environmental conditions. Using data on host associations for avian malaria parasites (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida), we develop a hierarchical model that quantifies this environmental dependency by partitioning host specificity variation into region- and parasite-level effects. Parasites were generally phylogenetic host specialists, infecting phylogenetically clustered subsets of available avian hosts. However, the magnitude of this specialization varied biogeographically, with parasites exhibiting higher host specificity in regions with more pronounced rainfall seasonality and wetter dry seasons. Recognizing the environmental dependency of parasite specialization can provide useful leverage for improving predictions of infection risk in response to global climate change

Comparing the mitochondrial genomes of Wolbachia-dependent and independent filarial nematode species

BACKGROUND: Many species of filarial nematodes depend on Wolbachia endobacteria to carry out their life cycle. Other species are naturally Wolbachia-free. The biological mechanisms underpinning Wolbachia-dependence and independence in filarial nematodes are not known. Previous studies have indicated that Wolbachia have an impact on mitochondrial gene expression, which may suggest a role in energy metabolism. If Wolbachia can supplement host energy metabolism, reduced mitochondrial function in infected filarial species may account for Wolbachia-dependence. Wolbachia also have a strong influence on mitochondrial evolution due to vertical co-transmission. This could drive alterations in mitochondrial genome sequence in infected species. Comparisons between the mitochondrial genome sequences of Wolbachia-dependent and independent filarial worms may reveal differences indicative of altered mitochondrial function. RESULTS: The mitochondrial genomes of 5 species of filarial nematodes, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Chandlerella quiscali, Loa loa, Onchocerca flexuosa, and Wuchereria bancrofti, were sequenced, annotated and compared with available mitochondrial genome sequences from Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, Onchocerca volvulus and Setaria digitata. B. malayi, D. immitis, O. volvulus and W. bancrofti are Wolbachia-dependent while A. viteae, C. quiscali, L. loa, O. flexuosa and S. digitata are Wolbachia-free. The 9 mitochondrial genomes were similar in size and AT content and encoded the same 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs. Synteny was perfectly preserved in all species except C. quiscali, which had a different order for 5 tRNA genes. Protein-coding genes were expressed at the RNA level in all examined species. In phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial protein-coding sequences, species did not cluster according to Wolbachia dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Thus far, no discernable differences were detected between the mitochondrial genome sequences of Wolbachia-dependent and independent species. Additional research will be needed to determine whether mitochondria from Wolbachia-dependent filarial species show reduced function in comparison to the mitochondria of Wolbachia-independent species despite their sequence-level similarities

Treatment and prevention of arresive bleeding in patients with pancreonecrosis.

The article is devoted to the study of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, which leads to the development of various fluid pathologies different in pathogenesis and time, which in turn can lead to an arrosive bleeding. Diagnostic-treatment ispresented algorithm with the active use of modern methods of hemostasis in patients with arrosive bleeding developed against the background of pancreatonecrosis

Treatment and prevention of arresive bleeding in patients with pancreonecrosis.

The article is devoted to the study of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, which leads to the development of various fluid pathologies different in pathogenesis and time, which in turn can lead to an arrosive bleeding. Diagnostic-treatment ispresented algorithm with the active use of modern methods of hemostasis in patients with arrosive bleeding developed against the background of pancreatonecrosis

Моделирование движения антропоморфного шагающего аппарата на произвольной твердой поверхности

У роботі основну увагу приділено моделюванню ходи АКА без зіткнення з поверхнею під час переміщення схилом чи підйомом, що актуально для задачі побудови крокуючих системи на основі антропного принципу. Для реалізації антропоморфного переміщення, у дослідженні застосовувалися принципи зворотньої динаміки та кінематики руху багатоланкової системи. Розгляд енергоефективності здійснювався порівнянням енергозатратності до продуктивності переміщення.This paper focuses on the modeling approaches AKA without contact with the surface when moving or lifting the hill, which is important for the task of building a walking system based on the anthropic principle. To implement an anthropomorphic moving, the study applied the principles of inverse dynamics and kinematics multi-tier system. Consideration of energy efficiency are compared to the performance of energy-consuming travel.В работе основное внимание уделено моделированию ходы АКА без соприкосновения с поверхностью при перемещении по склону или подъемом, что актуально для задачи построения шагающих системы на основе антропного принципа. Для реализации антропоморфного перемещения, в исследовании применялись принципы обратной динамики и кинематики движения многозвенной системы. Рассмотрение энергоэффективности осуществлялся сравнением энергозатратности к производительности перемещения

Contribution of chromosomal abnormalities and genes of the major histocompatibility complex to early pregnancy losses

Aim. The determination of chromosomal abnormalities in samples from early pregnancy losses and allelic polymorphism of HLA–DRB1 and DQA1 genes in couples with recurrent miscarriage. Methods. Banding cytogenetic and interphase mFISH analysis, DNA extraction by salting method, PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis. Results. Cytogenetic and molecular-cytogenetic investigations of SA material identified karyotype anomalies in 32.4 % of cases with prevalence of autosomal trisomy – 42.65 %, triploidy – 30.38 % and monosomy X – 19.11 %. Complex analysis of frequency and distribution of allelic variants of genes HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 allowed establishing the alleles DRB1*0301, DRB1*1101-1104 and DQA1*0501 to be aggressor alleles in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The cumulative homology of allelic polymorphism of more than 50 % of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 loci between partners increases the risk of RPL by almost four times. Conclusion. The detected chromosome aneuploidies in the samples from products of conception and the changes in the major histocompatibility complex genes can cause the failure of a couples reproductive function and can lead to an early fetal loss.Мета. Встановити хромосомні аномалії у матеріалі ранніх репродуктивних втрат і алельний поліморфізм генів HLA – DRB1 і DQA1 у подружніх пар із навиковим невиношуванням вагітності. Методи. Стандартний цитогенетичний та інтерфазний mFISH методи, виділення ДНК методом висолювання, ПЛР, електрофорез в агарозному гелі. Результати. Цитогенетичні та молеку­лярно-цитогенетичні дослідженя матеріалу втрачених вагітностей показали аномалії каріотипу в 32.4 % випадках з переважанням аутосомних трисомій – 42.65 %, триплоїдій – 30.38 % і моносомії X – 19.11 %. Комплексний аналіз частоти і розподілу алельних варіантів генів HLA-DRB1 і HLA-DQA1 дозволив встановити, що DRB1*0301, DRB1*1101-1104 і DQA1*0501 є алелями-агресорами у жінок із ранніми репродуктивними втратами (РРВ). Сукупна гомологія алельного поліморфізму локусів HLA-DRB1 і HLA-DQA1 більше 50 % між партнерами збільшує ризик РРВ майже в чотири рази. Висновки. Встановлені хромосомні анеуплоїдії в матеріалі втрачених вагітностей та зміни в генах головного комплекса гістосумістності у подружніх пар можуть викликати порушення репродуктивної функції та ранню елімінацію плода.Цель. изучить хромосомные аномалии в биологическом материале ранних репродуктивных потерь и аллельный полиморфизм генов HLA – DRB1 и DQA1 у супружеских пар с привычным невынашиванием беременности. Методы. стан­дартный цитогенетический и интерфазный mFISH методы, выделение ДНК методом высаливания, ПЦР, электрофорез в агарозном геле. Результаты. Проведенные цитогенетические и молекулярно-цитогенетические исследований материала ранних репродуктивных потерь показали аномалии кариотипа в 32.4 % случаев с преобла­данием аутосомных трисомий – 42.65 %, триплоидий – 30.38 % и моносомии Х – 19.11 %. Комплексный анализ частоты и распределения аллельных вариантов генов HLA-DRB1 и HLA-DQA1показал, что DRB1*0301, DRB1*1101-1104 и DQA1*0501 являются аллелями-агрессорами у женщин с ранними репродуктивными потерями (РРП). Совокупная гомология аллельного полиморфизма локусов HLA-DRB1 и HLA-DQA1 более 50 % между партнерами увеличивает риск РРП почти в четыре раза. Выводы. Выявленные хромосомные анеуплоидии в материале самопроизвольных выкидышей и изменения в генах главного комплекса гистосовместимости у супружеских пар могут вызывать нарушения репродуктивной функции и элиминацию плода в раннем периоде беременности

Electron and hole states in quantum-dot quantum wells within a spherical 8-band model

In order to study heterostructures composed both of materials with strongly different parameters and of materials with narrow band gaps, we have developed an approach, which combines the spherical 8-band effective-mass Hamiltonian and the Burt's envelope function representation. Using this method, electron and hole states are calculated in CdS/HgS/CdS/H_2O and CdTe/HgTe/CdTe/H_2O quantum-dot quantum-well heterostructures. Radial components of the wave functions of the lowest S and P electron and hole states in typical quantum-dot quantum wells (QDQWs) are presented as a function of radius. The 6-band-hole components of the radial wave functions of an electron in the 8-band model have amplitudes comparable with the amplitude of the corresponding 2-band-electron component. This is a consequence of the coupling between the conduction and valence bands, which gives a strong nonparabolicity of the conduction band. At the same time, the 2-band-electron component of the radial wave functions of a hole in the 8-band model is small compared with the amplitudes of the corresponding 6-band-hole components. It is shown that in the CdS/HgS/CdS/H_2O QDQW holes in the lowest states are strongly localized in the well region (HgS). On the contrary, electrons in this QDQW and both electron and holes in the CdTe/HgTe/CdTe/H_2O QDQW are distributed through the entire dot. The importance of the developed theory for QDQWs is proven by the fact that in contrast to our rigorous 8-band model, there appear spurious states within the commonly used symmetrized 8-band model.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected]