To determine the role and importance of marketing research in the development of tourist routes

The article examines the role and importance of marketing research in the development of tourist routes in our country

Effect of triazavirine on the outcome of a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza in mice

Pneumonia often occurs as secondary infection post influenza disease and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug triazavirine is licensed in Russia for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections, including influenza A and B viruses. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of triazavirine in a mouse model of secondary Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection. We also performed a study of the efficacy of triazavirine against the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 lethal influenza infection in mice. In this model, triazavirine at the dose of 25 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced the survival of animals (60% compared to 20%) and the mean survival time to death, prevented weight loss, and reduced viral titer in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. At doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, triazavirine was highly effective in the treatment of the secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection in mice. At these doses, triazavirine protected 67-75% of animals against death, increased the mean survival time to death by twofold, and reduced the virus titer by 2.2-3.0 log10TCID50/ml compared to the mice in the control group. These findings suggest the possible benefit of triazavirine treatment in reducing post influenza pneumonia incidence in humans.Pneumonia often occurs as secondary infection post influenza disease and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug triazavirine is licensed in Russia for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections, including influenza A and B viruses. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of triazavirine in a mouse model of secondary Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection. We also performed a study of the efficacy of triazavirine against the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 lethal influenza infection in mice. In this model, triazavirine at the dose of 25 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced the survival of animals (60% compared to 20%) and the mean survival time to death, prevented weight loss, and reduced viral titer in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. At doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, triazavirine was highly effective in the treatment of the secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection in mice. At these doses, triazavirine protected 67-75% of animals against death, increased the mean survival time to death by twofold, and reduced the virus titer by 2.2-3.0 log10TCID50/ml compared to the mice in the control group. These findings suggest the possible benefit of triazavirine treatment in reducing post influenza pneumonia incidence in humans

Shafts of technological machines with combined supports

This article discusses experimental studies of a saw cylinder (SC) composite shaft with combined support. We proposed a new design of the support that provides a reduction in the shaft. The article considers the influence of changing the parameters of the elastic element of the support of the composite shaft (CS) of the SC using the ANSYS software, calculates and analyzes the reaction forces of the supports for different parameters of the elastic elements, and also considers the effect on the stresses of the system, as well as the results of experimental and comparative tests in production conditions on the SC of the cotton gin machines with a composite bearing, where the parameters of the elastic element differ from each other by different elasticity. The fiberization process took place according to the established technological parameters. The experimental and standard SC models were compared during the experiment

EFFECTIVE METHOD OF TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN OUT-PATIENT CONDITIONS

In findings was established, Klast, which applied once per day-specific antagonist of leukotriene receptor, is effective in treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. Klast is well tolerated, its safety profile was generally similar a bread pill. The results received by us coincide with the results of application of a montelukast, established in researches and confirm them. Results of the real research allow considering that Klast can become an effective method of a choice among the existing approaches to therapy of bronchial asthma in general.In findings was established, Klast, which applied once per day-specific antagonist of leukotriene receptor, is effective in treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. Klast is well tolerated, its safety profile was generally similar a bread pill. The results received by us coincide with the results of application of a montelukast, established in researches and confirm them. Results of the real research allow considering that Klast can become an effective method of a choice among the existing approaches to therapy of bronchial asthma in general

Influenza virus infection and postviral bacterial pneumonia pathogenesis induced by different subtypes of influenza virus in mice

Secondary bacterial infections after influenza virus infection further increase morbidity and mortality due to influenza. Despite of seasonal influenza vaccination, antiviral drugs and antibiotics are widely used in viral/bacterial pneumonia therapy. Therefore, further comprehensive study of the infection pathogenesis is relevant. Murine models for influenza virus infection were reproduced with different virus subtypes A/California/04/2009MA (pandemic H1N1 2009), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/69 (H3N2), Anadyr/177/2009 (H1N1) and for post-influenza bacterial pneumonia caused by the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. After the infection occurs, its pathogenic features were detected by daily monitoring the mortality (survival) and morbidity rate (body weight loss) and, in addition, viral pathogenesis also was evaluated by assessing virus replication (viral titer) and humoral immune responses (production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in respiratory tract of infected mice including during antiviral (oseltamivir) and antibacterial (cefuroxime) therapy. Mortality and virus titer in the infected mice did not differ significantly between the groups of different influenza A virus subtypes. However, production of cytokines (IL-10, IFNg, TNFa) and weight gain proved to be different. Mortality of the mice reached 100% after secondary bacterial infection, whereas IFNg and TNFa levels in mice lung increased reached maximal values in the treated groups. Viral subtype A/California/04/2009MA of influenza A was most pathogenic in mouse model of secondary bacterial pneumonia. Antiviral and antibacterial treatment caused a decrease in mortality, reduced viral titers in lungs, and retain body weight gain of mice. According to these points, the treatment groups did not significantly differ from each other. At the same time, it should be noted that the cytokine production significantly decreased in the treated groups, and IL-10 and IFNg levels in lungs were different, that may be due to therapeutic mechanisms of these drugs. Thus, antiviral therapy for influenza infection and combination therapy for viralbacterial pneumonia can be an effective tool to reduce mortality of influenza

Miniinvasive Approach in the Complex Treatment of Tumor and Stone Etiology of Mechanical Jaundice

The use of miniinvasive technologies and step-by-step methods of surgical treatment in patients with mechanical jaundice with gall stone disease can reduce mortality and the number of complications after surgery to 3.4% and 14.1%, respectively, in biliopan creatoduodenal zone tumors to 2.9% and 19.6%

Professional studies based on programs the importance of preparation for action

Статья посвящена вопросам усовершенствования методики подготовки будущих учителей, методологическим подходам в развитии профессиональных компетенций, развитию методов оценки качества учителя и уровня готовности к профессиональной деятельности

On One Method For Solving Degenerating Parabolic Systems By The Direct Line Method With An Appendix In The Theory Of Filration

In this article, we will study the problem arising in the study of the processes of diffusion or filtration of a liquid (gas) in multilayer layers, taking into account convective transfe