Factores de riesgo/protección y prevalencias del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes de enseñanza media del “Instituto Nacional de Occidente” León, Junio-mayo

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v5i1.1485 UNIVERSITAS (León): Revista Científica de la UNAN León Vol.5(1) 2014, pp 126-145La investigación se centró en determinar edad de inicio, factores de riesgo/protección, prevalencia e incidencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas lícitas e ilícitas. Se utilizó la metodología de la CICAD-OEA-SIDUC (sistema de vigilancia contra las drogas en el hemisferio) empleada en estudios nacionales, de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. La presente tesis contiene un enfoque clínico epidemiológico en la salud pública basada en un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con una población constituida por 1,116 estudiantes adolescentes y una muestra representativa de 286 escolares de ambos sexos, se aplicó el cuestionario estandarizado SIDUC con indicadores predeterminados para medir tasas de prevalencia y patrones de consumo. Resultados y conclusiones evidencian que entre las drogas licitas el alcohol posee las mayores prevalencias entre los estudiantes: consumo experimental 45.5%, reciente 28.3% y actual 19.9%, seguido por el tabaco, entre las drogas ilícitas la mariguana posee las mayores prevalencias: consumo experimental 13.6%, reciente 6.3% y actual 2.8%, seguida por la cocaína. Las prevalencias indican mayores porcentajes de consumo entre los varones, la jornada vespertina, el décimo grado y las edades entre 15-17 años. Son factores de riesgo la calle y eventos sociales, las edades de inicio cada vez más tempranas, con una edad media de 11.6 años y el entorno de pares. Son factores protectores de los estudiantes las expectativas futuras positivas y la percepción de “gran riesgo” hacia el consumo de drogas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v5i1.1485 UNIVERSITAS (León): Revista Científica de la UNAN León Vol.5(1) 2014, pp 126-14

Factores de riesgo/protección y prevalencias del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes de enseñanza media del “ I n s t i t u t o N a c i o n a l d e O c c i d e n t e ” L e ó n , J u n i o - m a y o .

La investigación se centró en determinar edad de inicio, factores de riesgo/protección, prevalencia e incidencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas lícitas e ilícitas.  Se utilizó la metodología de la CICAD-OEA-SIDUC (sistema de vigilancia contra las drogas en el hemisferio) empleada en estudios nacionales, de Latinoamérica y el Caribe.   La presente tesis contiene un enfoque clínico epidemiológico en la salud pública basada en un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con una población constituida por 1,116 estudiantes adolescentes y una muestra representativa de 286 escolares de ambos sexos, se aplicó el cuestionario estandarizado SIDUC con indicadores predeterminados para medir tasas de prevalencia y patrones de consumo.Resultados y conclusiones evidencian que entre las drogas licitas el alcohol posee las mayores prevalencias entre los estudiantes: consumo experimental 45.5%, reciente 28.3% y actual 19.9%, seguido por el tabaco, entre las drogas ilícitas la mariguana posee las mayores prevalencias: consumo experimental 13.6%, reciente 6.3% y actual 2.8%, seguida por la cocaína.    Las prevalencias indican mayores porcentajes de consumo entre los varones, la jornada vespertina, el décimo grado y las edades entre 15-17 años. Son factores de riesgo la calle y eventos sociales, las edades de inicio cada vez más tempranas, con una edad media de 11.6 años y el entorno de pares. Son factores protectores de los estudiantes las expectativas futuras positivas y la percepción de “gran riesgo” hacia el consumo de drogas

Evaluación de la microdureza de cementos resinosos de uso odontológico: estudio in vitro

OBJETIVO: Es importante conocer las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales dentales para poder determinar críticamente su comportamiento y no limitarnos únicamente a la evaluación clínica. Por esa razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la microdureza de cuatro cementos resinosos de uso odontológico teniendo en cuenta que existe correlación entre esta propiedad mecánica y el comportamiento clínico del material.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se confeccionaron seis cuerpos de prueba para cada cemento evaluado: RelyXTM ARC(3M ESPE) = G1, Multilink® (IVOCLAR VIVADENT) = G2, MaxCem EliteTM (KERR CORPORATION) = G3 y RelyXTMU200 (3M ESPE) = G4, los que fueron almacenados durante 48 horas a temperatura ambiente y sometidos al ensayo deMicrodureza Vickers (VMH) con 200 g-f durante 10 segundos.RESULTADOS: Para el cemento resinoso dual convencional (grupo control) G1 el valor promedio de microdureza fue47.08 ± 4.52 VMH. El cemento resinoso dual de autograbado (G2) tuvo un valor promedio de 43.88 ± 2.35 VMH. Elvalor promedio de microdureza del cemento resinoso autoadhesivo G3 fue de 37.41 ± 3.10 VMH mientras que para elcemento resinoso autoadhesivo G4 se obtuvo un valor promedio de 50.58 ± 1.10 VMH.CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que el cemento resinoso autoadhesivo dual RelyXTM U200 presentaría un mejor comportamiento clínico ya que los valores de microdureza encontrados fueron los más altos, encontrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas con Multilink® y MaxCem EliteTM

Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization to Reach the Maximum Grain and Stover Yields of Maize (Zea mays L.): Tendency Modeling

Utilization of maize stover to the production of meat and milk and saving the grains for human consumption would be one strategy for the optimal usage of resources. Variance and tendency analyses were applied to find the optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization dose (0, 100, 145, 190, 240, and 290 kg/ha) for forage (F), stover (S), cob (C), and grain (G) yields, as well as the optimal grain-to-forage, cob-to-forage, and cob-to-stover ratios (G:F, C:F, and C:S, respectively). The study was performed in central Mexico (20.691389° N and −101.259722° W, 1740 m a.m.s.l.; Cwa (Köppen), 699 mm annual precipitation; alluvial soils). N-190 and N-240 improved the individual yields and ratios the most. Linear and quadratic models for CDM, GDM, and G:F ratio had coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.20–0.46 (p < 0.03). Cubic showed R2 = 0.30–0.72 (p < 0.02), and the best models were for CDM, GDM, and the G:F, C:F, and C:S DM ratios (R2 = 0.60–0.72; p < 0.0002). Neither SHB nor SDM negatively correlated with CDM or GDM (r = 0.23–0.48; p < 0.0001). Excess of N had negative effects on forage, stover, cobs, and grains yields, but optimal N fertilization increased the proportion of the G:F, C:F, and C:S ratios, as well as the SHB and SDM yields, without negative effects on grain production

Dynamic equivalence between atomic and colloidal liquids

We show that the kinetic-theoretical self-diffusion coefficient of an atomic fluid plays the same role as the short-time self-diffusion coefficient D_S in a colloidal liquid, in the sense that the dynamic properties of the former, at times much longer than the mean free time, and properly scaled with D_S, will indistinguishable from those of a colloidal liquid with the same interaction potential. One important consequence of such dynamic equivalence is that the ratio D_L/ D_S of the long-time to the short-time self-diffusion coefficients must then be the same for both, an atomic and a colloidal system characterized by the same inter-particle interactions. This naturally extends to atomic fluids a well-known dynamic criterion for freezing of colloidal liquids[Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1557 (1993)]. We corroborate these predictions by comparing molecular and Brownian dynamics simulations on (soft- and hard-sphere) model systems, representative of what we may refer to as the "hard-sphere" dynamic universality class

Downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1 alters cell cycle and upregulates invasion-related genes in prostate cancer cells

The final publication is available at link.springer.comPTPL1, a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase, has been involved in the regulation of apoptosis and invasiveness of various tumour cell types, but its role in prostate cancer remained to be investigated. We report here that downregulation of PTPL1 by small interfering RNA in PC3 cells decreases cell proliferation and concomitantly reduces the expression of cell cycle-related proteins such as cyclins E and B1, PCNA, PTTG1 and phospho-histone H3. PTPL1 downregulation also increases the invasion ability of PC3 cells through Matrigel coated membranes. cDNA array of PTPL1-silenced PC3 cells versus control cells showed an upregulation of invasion-related genes such as uPA, uPAR, tPA, PAI-1, integrin α6 and osteopontin. This increased expression was also confirmed in PTPL1-silenced DU145 prostate cancer cells by quantitative real time PCR and western blot. These findings suggest that PTPL1 is an important mediator of central cellular processes such as proliferation and invasion. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.This work was supported by Grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (FIS PI10/02026 and SAF2008-05046-C02-02), ISCIIIRETIC-RD06/0020-FEDER, Consejería de Salud (PI-2009-0589, AI-2010-003 to M.A.J.), and Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (CTS-6243), Junta de Andalucía (06/189, PI-2009-0589, and AI-2010-003 to M. A. J.). C. C. was supported by a pre-doctoral Grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación (F.P.I.: BES200612419) co-financiated by Fondo Social Europeo. C. S. was supported by a contract from Instituto de Salud Carlos III/FIS and Fundación Progreso y Salud, Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Miguel Servet Program.Peer Reviewe

The Antioxidant Potential of the Mediterranean Diet in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: An In-Depth Review of the PREDIMED

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death. Diet is known to be important in the prevention of CVD. The PREDIMED trial tested a relatively low-fat diet versus a high-fat Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) for the primary prevention of CVD. The resulting reduction of the CV composite outcome resulted in a paradigm shift in CV nutrition. Though many dietary factors likely contributed to this effect, this review focuses on the influence of the MedDiet on endogenous antioxidant systems and the effect of dietary polyphenols. Subgroup analysis of the PREDIMED trial revealed increased endogenous antioxidant and decreased pro-oxidant activity in the MedDiet groups. Moreover, higher polyphenol intake was associated with lower incidence of the primary outcome, overall mortality, blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, onset of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. This suggests that polyphenols likely contributed to the lower incidence of the primary event in the MedDiet groups. In this article, we summarize the potential benefits of polyphenols found in the MedDiet, specifically the PREDIMED cohort. We also discuss the need for further research to confirm and expand the findings of the PREDIMED in a non-Mediterranean population and to determine the exact mechanisms of action of polyphenols

Evolution of substrate specificity in a retained enzyme driven by gene loss.

The connection between gene loss and the functional adaptation of retained proteins is still poorly understood. We apply phylogenomics and metabolic modeling to detect bacterial species that are evolving by gene loss, with the finding that Actinomycetaceae genomes from human cavities are undergoing sizable reductions, including loss of L-histidine and L-tryptophan biosynthesis. We observe that the dual-substrate phosphoribosyl isomerase A or priA gene, at which these pathways converge, appears to coevolve with the occurrence of trp and his genes. Characterization of a dozen PriA homologs shows that these enzymes adapt from bifunctionality in the largest genomes, to a monofunctional, yet not necessarily specialized, inefficient form in genomes undergoing reduction. These functional changes are accomplished via mutations, which result from relaxation of purifying selection, in residues structurally mapped after sequence and X-ray structural analyses. Our results show how gene loss can drive the evolution of substrate specificity from retained enzymes

Probing the fuzzy sphere regularisation in simulations of the 3d \lambda \phi^4 model

We regularise the 3d \lambda \phi^4 model by discretising the Euclidean time and representing the spatial part on a fuzzy sphere. The latter involves a truncated expansion of the field in spherical harmonics. This yields a numerically tractable formulation, which constitutes an unconventional alternative to the lattice. In contrast to the 2d version, the radius R plays an independent r\^{o}le. We explore the phase diagram in terms of R and the cutoff, as well as the parameters m^2 and \lambda. Thus we identify the phases of disorder, uniform order and non-uniform order. We compare the result to the phase diagrams of the 3d model on a non-commutative torus, and of the 2d model on a fuzzy sphere. Our data at strong coupling reproduce accurately the behaviour of a matrix chain, which corresponds to the c=1-model in string theory. This observation enables a conjecture about the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 31 pages, 15 figure