Caring for the Whole Person: Home care for older people which promotes well-being and choice

This research project explored the factors which make a flexible, person-centred style of service possible. This publication reports the key influences identified, lists the conditions which promote this style of home care, and highlights much information pertinent to developing services in this direction

Tiludronate and clodronate do not affect bone structure or remodeling kinetics over a 60 day randomized trial

Background Tiludronate and clodronate are FDA-approved bisphosphonate drug therapies for navicular disease in horses. Although clinical studies have determined their ability to reduce lameness associated with skeletal disorders in horses, data regarding the effect on bone structure and remodeling is lacking. Additionally, due to off-label use of these drugs in young performance horses, effects on bone in young horses need to be investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this randomized, experimental pilot study was to determine the effect of tiludronate and clodronate on normal bone cells, structure and remodeling after 60 days in clinically normal, young horses. Additionally, the effect of clodronate on bone healing 60 days after an induced defect was investigated. Results All horses tolerated surgery well, with no post-surgery lameness and all acquired biopsies being adequate for analyses. Overall, tiludronate and clodronate did not significantly alter any bone structure or remodeling parameters, as evaluated by microCT and dynamic histomorphometry. Tiludronate did not extensively impact bone formation or resorption parameters as evaluated by static histomorphometry. Similarly, clodronate did not affect bone formation or resorption after 60 days. Sixty days post-defect, healing was minimally affected by clodronate. Conclusions Tiludronate and clodronate do not appear to significantly impact bone tissue on a structural or cellular level using standard dose and administration schedules

Fourth Annual Report of the Farm Management Service for Farmers of Northern Minnesota for the Year 1934 (April 1, 1934 to April 1, 1935)

Farm Management,

Characterization of lymphocyte subsets over a 24-hour period in Pineal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (PALT) in the chicken

BACKGROUND: Homeostatic trafficking of lymphocytes in the brain has important relevance to the understanding of CNS disease processes. The pineal gland of the chicken contains large accumulations of lymphocytes that suggest an important role related to homeostatic circadian neuro-immune interactions. The purpose of this initial study was to characterize the lymphocyte subsets in the pineal gland and quantitate the distribution and frequency of lymphocyte phenotypes at two time points over the 24-hour light:dark cycle. RESULTS: PALT comprised approximately 10% of the total pineal area. Image analysis of immunocytochemically stained sections showed that the majority of lymphocytes were CD3(+ )(80%) with the remaining 20% comprising B-cells and monocytes (Bu-1(+)), which tended to distribute along the periphery of the PALT. T-cell subsets in PALT included CD4(+ )(75–80%), CD8(+ )(20–25%), TCRαβ/Vβ(1)(+ )(60%), and TCRγδ(+ )(15%). All of the T-cell phenotypes were commonly found within the interfollicular septa and follicles of the pineal gland. However, the ratios of CD8(+)/CD4(+ )and TCRγδ(+)/TCRαβ/Vβ(1)(+ )within the pineal tissue were each 1:1, in contrast to the PALT where the ratios of CD8(+)/CD4(+ )and TCRγδ(+)/TCRαβ/Vβ(1)(+ )each approximated 1:4. Bu-1(+ )cells were only rarely seen in the pineal interstitial spaces, but ramified Bu-1(+ )microglia/macrophages were common in the pineal follicles. Effects of the 24-h light:dark cycle on these lymphocyte-pineal interactions were suggested by an increase in the area of PALT, a decline in the density of TCRαβ/Vβ(1)(+ )cells, and a decline in the area density of Bu-1(+ )microglia at the light:dark interphase (1900 h) compared to the dark:light interphase (0700 h). CONCLUSION: The degree of lymphocyte infiltration in the pineal suggests novel mechanisms of neuro-immune interactions in this part of the brain. Our results further suggest that these interactions have a temporal component related to the 24-hour light:dark cycle and that CD8(+ )and TCRγδ(+ )T-cells are preferentially recruited to the pineal follicles. Pineal microglia/macrophages were common and represent an important candidate for mediating these lymphocyte-pineal interactions via secretion of cytokines and chemokines

Structural chemistry of layered lead halide perovskites containing single octahedral layers

Funding: Leverhulme Trust (award No. RPG-2018-065).We present a comprehensive review of the structural chemistry of hybrid lead halides of stoichiometry APbX4, A2PbX4 or AAʹPbX4, where A and Aʹ are organic ammonium cations and X = Cl, Br or I. These compounds may be considered as layered perovskites, containing isolated, infinite layers of corner-sharing PbX4 octahedra separated by the organic species. We first extract over 250 crystal structures from the CCDC and classify them in terms of unit cell metrics and crystal symmetry. Symmetry mode analysis is then used to identify the nature of key structural distortions of the [PbX4]∞ layers. Two generic types of distortion are prevalent in this family: tilting of the octahedral units and shifts of the inorganic layers relative to each other. Although the octahedral tilting modes are well-known in the crystallography of purely inorganic perovskites, the additional layer shift modes are shown to enrich enormously the structural options available in layered hybrid perovskites. Some examples and trends are discussed in more detail in order to show how the nature of the interlayer organic species can influence the overall structural architecture, although the main aim of the paper is to encourage workers in the field to make use of the systematic crystallographic methods used here to further understand and rationalise their own compounds, and perhaps to be able to design-in particular structural features in future work.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Contaminant removal from enclosed atmospheres by regenerable adsorbents

A system for removing contaminants from spacecraft atmospheres was studied, which utilizes catalyst-impregnated activated carbon followed by in-situ regeneration by low-temperature catalytic oxidation of the adsorbed contaminants. Platinum was deposited on activated carbon by liquid phase impregnation with chloroplatinic acid, followed by drying and high-temperature reduction. Results were obtained for the seven selected spacecraft contaminants by means of three experimental test systems. The results indicate that the contaminants could be removed by oxidation with very little loss in adsorptive capacity. The advantages of a catalyst-impregnated carbon for oxidative regeneration are found to be significant enough to warrent its use

Tax Shelter Disclosure and Penalties: New Requirements, New Exposures

One of the primary weapons in the battle against tax shelters has been mandatory disclosure to the IRS. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 built on this approach by clarifying and making consistent the various disclosure requirements and strengthening penalties for non-disclosure. To uncover abusive transactions, Congress drew the boundaries of disclosure so broadly that even legitimate tax planning transactions are covered. To understand the dangers in the new rules, one must look at the broad range of transactions covered, the participants covered, and the harsh penalties for nondisclosure. - Transactions Covered. The disclosure requirements apply to six categories of reportable transactions. Although the Service has established angel lists excluding some transactions from the broad definitions, many clearly legitimate transactions still will have to be disclosed. - Participants Covered. The disclosure requirements apply to participants in the transaction and material advisors, which are also broadly defined terms. For example, an exempt organization that is an accommodation party in a reportable transaction is a participant, even though the exempt organization does not receive any tax benefits from the transaction. - Penalties. The Act added a new penalty for a taxpayer\u27s failure to disclose a reportable transaction. This penalty applies even if a court rejects the Service\u27s view of the tax treatment of the transaction. The Act also strengthened the accuracy-related penalty for underpayments. However, this penalty is imposed only if the Service successfully challenges the tax treatment of the transaction. The new tax shelter disclosure and list maintenance requirements are complex, with significant penalties for non-compliance. The IRS is likely to apply these penalties strictly and aggressively. Anyone involved in virtually any capacity in any substantial transaction will need to evaluate their exposure carefull