Activated Carbons from Co-Mingled Liquid

Data on a synergetic phenomena of the components of the co-mingled solid and liquid wastes occurs during their thermolysis were used for the development of the co-activation approach to wastes recycling. Co-activation was aimed at generation of porous solid valuable secondary products (activated carbons). The development of the design parameters for the activated carbons syntheses was done at valorization of the re-polymerization, re-association and the polycondensation reactions between the reference structural fragments of the components in the ternary composite systems "Spent Petroleum Product Waste – Biomass – D-grade coal" and "Coal Processing Sludge – Biomass – D-grade coal". From elaborated comprehensive investigations the main factors, which influence the carbonized chars formation and the properties of the resulted activated carbons were evaluated. The porous solid secondary products of uniform particle size and pore size distribution were obtained during co-processing in the co-mingled systems. The surface area is ranged between 600-1100 m2/g, the total pore volume is of 0.32-0.47 m3/g and the yield is of 21-27%. Additionally, an efficiency of the catalytic co-processing of natural organic solid and liquid wastes with coal in a presence of the K/Na carbonates was studied aiming at novel adsorbents usage for wastewater purification from heavy metals

Reversible Martensitic Phase Transition in Yttrium-Stabilized ZrO2 Nanopowders by Adsorption of Water

Funding: This work was supported by H2020/MSCA/RISE/SSHARE number 871284 project and the RO-JINR Grant No. 367/2021 item 27 and RO-JINR Projects № 366/2021 items 57, 61, 83, 85. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The present study was aimed at revealing the influence of the mechanical stress induced by water molecule adsorption on the composition of crystalline phases in the ZrO2 + 3 mol% Y2O3-nanoparticles. Three basic methods were used to determine the phase transition: Neutron diffraction, Raman microspectroscopic scanning, and X-ray diffraction. The fact of reversible phase-structural β → α transformation and the simultaneous presence of two polymorphic structural modifications (β is the phase of the tetragonal syngony and α of monoclinic syngony in nanosized particles (9 nm)) under normal physical conditions was established by these methods. An assumption was made regarding the connection of the physical mechanism of transformation of the extremely nonequilibrium surface of nanoparticles with electronic exchange of the material of the near-surface layer of nanoparticles with the adsorption layer through donor-acceptor interaction. The principal possibility of creating direct-acting hydroelectric converters based on nanoscale YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) systems due to the reversible character of the considered effect was shown.publishersversionpublishe

An integrated approach for assessing the bioreceptivity of glazed tiles to phototrophic microorganisms

18 páginas.-- 7 figuras.-- 5 tablas.-- 63 referenciasA laboratory-based methodology was designed to assess the bioreceptivity of glazed tiles. The experimental set-up consisted of multiple steps: manufacturing of pristine and artificially aged glazed tiles, enrichment of phototrophic microorganisms, inoculation of phototrophs on glazed tiles, incubation under optimal conditions and quantification of biomass. In addition, tile intrinsic properties were assessed to determine which material properties contributed to tile bioreceptivity. Biofilm growth and biomass were appraised by digital image analysis, colorimetry and chlorophyll a analysis. SEM, micro-Raman and micro-particle induced X-ray emission analyses were carried out to investigate the biodeteriorating potential of phototrophic microorganisms on the glazed tiles. This practical and multidisciplinary approach showed that the accelerated colonization conditions allowed different types of tile bioreceptivity to be distinguished and to be related to precise characteristics of the material. Aged tiles showed higher bioreceptivity than pristine tiles due to their higher capillarity and permeability. Moreover, biophysical deterioration caused by chasmoendolithic growth was observed on colonized tile surfaces.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [grant SFRH/BD/46038/2008; project UID/EAT/00729/2013]. A.Z. Miller acknowledges support from a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship of the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme [PIEF-GA-2012-328689]. J.P. Veiga and H. Águas acknowledge funding by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT [project UID/ CTM/50025/2013]. This work was supported by the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme, through the Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme [NANO_GUARD (PIRSES-GA-2010-269138)].Peer reviewe

Performance of a plastic scintillator developed using styrene monomer polymerization

This paper presents a newly developed plastic scintillator produced in collaboration with Turkiye Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK). The scintillator is manufactured using thermal polymerization of commercially available styrene monomer. The absorption spectrum of the scintillator exhibited two absorption bands at 225 nm and 340 nm, with an absorption edge observed at 410 nm. The wavelength of the emitted light was measured in the range of 400-800 nm, with a maximum intensity at 427 nm. Monoenergetic electrons from the 137Cs source were used to evaluate the characteristics of the new scintillator, particularly its light yield. As the light readout the MAPD-3NM type silicon photomultiplier array (4 x 4) with an active area of 15 x 15 mm2, assembled using single MAPDs with an active area of 3.7 x 3.7 mm2, was used. The light yield of the scintillator was determined to be 6134 photons/MeV. In addition, the efficiency of the scintillator for gamma rays with an energy of 662 keV was found to be approximately 1.8 %. A CmBe neutron source was employed to evaluate its fast neutron detection performance. However, neutron/gamma discrimination using pulse shape discrimination (charge integration) method was not observed. The results demonstrate the potential of a newly produced plastic scintillator for various applications, particularly in radiation monitoring and detection systems.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Enhancement of the electrocaloric effect in the 0.4BCZT-0.6BTSn ceramic synthesized by sol-gel route

The lead-free ferroelectric 0.4Ba _0.85 Ca _0.15 Zr _0.10 Ti _0.90 O _3 –0.6BaTi _0.89 Sn _0.11 O _3 (0.4BCZT–0.6BTSn) ceramics were successfully prepared by the sol–gel process. Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the structural properties of the 0.4BCZT-0.6BTSn sample. The findings indicate that the sample was well crystallized into a single perovskite structure. The phase transitions of the studied sample have been investigated using the DSC technique. The electrocaloric effect (ECE) properties were indirectly determined using the Maxwell approach. Under a relatively low applied electric field of 30 kV cm ^−1 , the results show enhanced electrocaloric temperature change and entropy change of ΔT = 1.32 K and ΔS = 1.41 J/kg.K, respectively. Besides, the electrocaloric responsivity ( ξ _max = 0.45 K·mm/kV) obtained is among the highest reported values in pb-free ferroelectrics near room temperature. These findings demonstrate that the lead-free 0.4BCZT–0.6BTSn ceramic is a promising candidate for solid-state cooling applications

Effect of Si and Nb additions on carbonitride coatings under proton irradiation: A comprehensive analysis of structural, mechanical, corrosion, and neutron activation properties

In the present study, understoichiometric TiZrCN, TiZrNbCN, and TiZrSiCN coatings were produced using the cathodic arc technique with a C/N ratio of approximately 0.5 to investigate their potential use in nuclear technology. The coatings were evaluated for their corrosion resistance in 3.5 % NaCl and neutron activation. The effect of adding Si and Nb to the quaternary TiZrCN system was also investigated. The results showed that the addition of Si (∼4.64 at.%) to the matrix of TiZrCN improved their electrochemical properties in NaCl solution, the protective efficiency was 92%, while the Nb addition (∼5.5 at%) lead to the decrease in corrosion resistance by 1.39 times comparing with TiZrCN. Furthermore, after fast neutron irradiation at a nominal power of 1450 kW, none of the coatings were activated, indicating good radiation resistance. It was determined from the structural analysis that the Ti6Al4V substrate before corrosion consists of hexagonal and cubic space groups with different lattice parameters. By adding Si and Nb, a small amount of ZrO2 and Si3N4 was detected along with the main phases in the TiZrCN structure

Investigation of parameters of new MAPD-3NM silicon photomultipliers

In the presented work, the parameters of a new MAPD-3NM-II photodiode with buried pixel structure manufactured in cooperation with Zecotek Company are investigated. The photon detection efficiency, gain, capacitance and gamma-ray detection performance of photodiodes are studied. The SPECTRIGMAPD is used to measure the parameters of theMAPD-3NM-II and scintillation detector based on it. The obtained results show that the newly developedMAPD-3NM-II photodiode outperforms its counterparts in most parameters and it can be successfully applied in space application, medicine, high-energy physics and security

Sensitivity to humidity of yttria-stabilized zirconia / A. Lyubchyk, V. K. Ksenevich, N. A. Poklonski, D. V. Adamchuk, A. I. Kavaleu

Нанотехнологии, наноструктуры, квантовые явления. Наноэлектроника. Приборы на квантовых эффектахИсследованы электрические свойства и структура таблеток иттрий-стабилизированного диоксида циркония, полученных прессованием под высоким гидростатическим давлением порошка нанокристаллического диоксида циркония, легированного оксидом иттрия (ZrO2 + 3 мол. % Y2O3), с размерами частиц в диапазоне от 9 до 12 нм. Показано, что в процессе градиентной адсорбции водяных паров поверхностью нанокристаллитов диоксида циркония происходит генерация ЭДС между сухим и влажным контактами. Предложены возможные механизмы генерации ЭДС.Работа выполнена в рамках программы ЕС H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 (проект № 691010) и ГПНИ «Конвергенция-2020» (задание 3.3.1). Авторы выражают благодарность Т. Е. Константиновой, И. А. Даниленко и О. А. Горбань из Донецкого физико-технического института им. А. А. Галкина за предоставленные для исследования образцы.Electrical and structural properties of nanostructured zirconia tablets doped by yttrium were investigated. Tablets were obtained by pressing the nanopowder of nanocrystalline zirconium oxide (ZrO2 + 3mol % Y2O3) with particle sizes 9 to 12 nm using high hydrostatic pressure. It is shown that during the process of gradient adsorption of water vapor on the surface of zirconia nanocrystallites EMF is generated between dry and wet contacts. Possible mechanisms of EMF generation were discussed

Sensitivity to humidity of yttria-stabilized zirconia / A. Lyubchyk, V. K. Ksenevich, N. A. Poklonski, D. V. Adamchuk, A. I. Kavaleu

Нанотехнологии, наноструктуры, квантовые явления. Наноэлектроника. Приборы на квантовых эффектахИсследованы электрические свойства и структура таблеток иттрий-стабилизированного диоксида циркония, полученных прессованием под высоким гидростатическим давлением порошка нанокристаллического диоксида циркония, легированного оксидом иттрия (ZrO2 + 3 мол. % Y2O3), с размерами частиц в диапазоне от 9 до 12 нм. Показано, что в процессе градиентной адсорбции водяных паров поверхностью нанокристаллитов диоксида циркония происходит генерация ЭДС между сухим и влажным контактами. Предложены возможные механизмы генерации ЭДС.Работа выполнена в рамках программы ЕС H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 (проект № 691010) и ГПНИ «Конвергенция-2020» (задание 3.3.1). Авторы выражают благодарность Т. Е. Константиновой, И. А. Даниленко и О. А. Горбань из Донецкого физико-технического института им. А. А. Галкина за предоставленные для исследования образцы.Electrical and structural properties of nanostructured zirconia tablets doped by yttrium were investigated. Tablets were obtained by pressing the nanopowder of nanocrystalline zirconium oxide (ZrO2 + 3mol % Y2O3) with particle sizes 9 to 12 nm using high hydrostatic pressure. It is shown that during the process of gradient adsorption of water vapor on the surface of zirconia nanocrystallites EMF is generated between dry and wet contacts. Possible mechanisms of EMF generation were discussed

Badanie równowag ekstrakcji w reakcji zasadowej hydrolizy aktywowanych estrów aminokwasów

Correlation between observed kinetic effects of phase-transfer catalytic reaction of the alkaline hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl ester of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine-4 in the two-phase system chloroform-borate buffer pH = 10 and a content of ionic forms of catalyst was investigated. The phosphonium salts QX (X = Cl¯, Br¯, I¯) shows high catalytic reactivity. Dependence of the reaction kinetics discussed in the framework of the extraction mechanism with a competitive extraction of a nucleophile ОН¯, nucleofuge 4-NO2C6H4O¯ and anion X¯ of the phase-transfer catalyst.Zbadano korelację pomiędzy obserwowanym efektem kinetycznym przejścia fazowego katalitycznej reakcji zasadowej hydrolizy estru 4-nitrofenylowego N-benzyloksycarbonylglycyny-4 w dwufazowym układzie chloroform-bufor boranowy, pH = 10, z zawartością jonowych form katalizatora. Sole fosfoniowe QX (X = Cl¯, Br¯, I¯) wykazują wysoką aktywność katalityczną. Zależności kinetyki reakcji przeanalizowano w ramach mechanizmu ekstrakcji z konkurencyjną ekstrakcją nukleofilu ОН¯, grupą odchodzącą 4-NO2C6H4O¯ i anionem X¯ katalizatora przejścia fazowego