Respostas do estrato herbáceo à adubação organo-mineral em planossolo háplico no município de Irauçuba, Sertão Cearense.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o incremento da produção de fitomassa e as mudanças na composição florística do estrato herbáceo da vegetação em um planossolo háplico, na região de Irauçuba, Ceará. Parcelas de 6,0 x 3,0 m foram demarcadas e receberam por sorteio os seguintes fertilizantes ou suas combinações: nitrogênio (N, 400 kg/ha), fósforo (P, 100 kg/ha), potássio (K, 60 kg/ha) NK, NP, PK e NPK. Foi também aplicado o equivalente 5,0 t/ha de esterco de cabra, interessando à metade de cada parcela. Os resultados indicaram que o capim panasco responde à aplicação de nitrogênio ou deste mineral associado ao potássio e ao fósforo, porém, não apresenta aumentos da produção de fitomassa com a aplicação de fósforo separadamente e de matéria orgânica. A erva de ovelha apresenta excelentes aumentos de produção de fitomassa, quando adubada com fósforo, matéria orgânica ou com a combinação destes dois fertilizantes. A adubação orgânica só ou associada a NPK pode ser usada na recuperação de áreas degradadas sob planossolo háplico, com resultados positivos sobre a produção de fitomassa, mudanças benéficas na composição florística, com possíveis incrementos na biodiversidade da vegetação herbácea. Responses of herbaceous organic-mineral fertilization in the municipality of Planosol haplic Irauçuba, Hinterland Cearense. Abstract: The paper deals with the determination of the increment on the phytomass production and changes on the botanical composition of the herbaceous cover of the vegetaion on haplic planossol in Irauçuba region, Ceará. Plots, measuring 6,0 x 3,0 m were staked out and recieved the following fertilizer or their mixture: nitrogen (N, 400 kg/ha), phosphorus (P, 100 kg/ha), potass (K, 60 kg/ha), NK, NP, PK and NPK. Goat manure was also apllied on half of each plot at a rate of 5,0 t/ha. The results indicated that panasco grass responds to the application of nitrogen or of this mineral combined with potass and phosphorus, but, it does not show increase of phytomass production with the application of phosphorus separately and of organic matter. Erva de ovelha presents excellent increases of phytomass production with the application of phosphorus, organic matter or with the combination of these fertilizers. Organic fertilization alone, or associated with NPK may be used to the recuperation of degraded areas on haplic planossols with positive results on the phytomass production, beneficial changes on the floristic composition and with possible increments on the biodiversity of the herbaceous cover

Guidelines On The Treatment Of Anemia Of Chronic Renal Failure Using Recombinant Human Erythropoietin: Associação Brasileira De Hematologia, Hemoterapia E Terapia Celular Guidelines Project: Associação Médica Brasileira - 2014

[No abstract available

Integração de dados de georeferenciamento e dados genéticos para o manejo da biodiversidade de recursos genéticos de ovinos no Brasil.

Existem relativamente poucas coleções de germoplasma/bancos de DNA de animais domésticos de produção distribuídos pelo Brasil. Estas coleções precisam de estudos básicos, a fim de atender as demandas futuras no país e até do mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise crítica de um Banco de DNA a partir de dados espaciais (dados georreferenciados) e genéticos em relação aos locais de origem a partir de 3518 amostras de DNA originados de 17 diferentes grupos genéticos ou raças de ovelhas do Banco de DNA e Tecidos localizado no Laboratório de Genética Animal da Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. O georeferenciamento mostrou que nem todos os grupos genéticos têm amostras no banco e as coletas foram concentradas no núcleo de conservação. Apenas 21% dos estados com uma determinada raça têm amostras no banco de genes. O número médio de animais amostrados por coleta foi de 32, enquanto a distância média entre pontos de coleta e núcleos de conservação foi 550 km. A raça Somalis Brasileira foi coletada apenas no seu núcleo de conservação. Não foram coletadas amostras para a raça Cariri. Apenas duas fazendas e uma raça no banco são da região norte. Dos 27 estados brasileiros, 13 proveram amostras ao banco de germoplasma, o que mostra a necessidade de coletas em rebanhos fora do sistema oficial de rebanhos de conservação para garantir que os estudos realizados utilizando este germoplasma não são tendenciosos. Sugestões são dadas para a melhoria da quantidade e diversidade de amostras do referido Banco de DNA

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions