Effects of magnesium with or without boron on headshaking behavior in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.

BackgroundOral administration of magnesium and boron might have a beneficial effect on headshaking behavior in horses.ObjectiveEvaluate the effects of oral magnesium alone or in combination with boron on headshaking behavior in affected horses.AnimalsTwelve geldings (6 healthy controls and 6 affected).MethodsProspective randomized controlled dietary trial over 42 days in 12 horses (6 horses diagnosed with trigeminal-mediated headshaking and 6 unaffected healthy controls). All horses received a hay diet and were randomized into 3 treatment groups: pelleted feed combination (PF), pelleted feed combination with magnesium (M), and pelleted feed combination with magnesium-boron (MB) with a week washout of hay only between treatments. Headshaking behavior and biochemical blood variables were assessed at baseline (hay only) and then after each week of supplementation.ResultsAll 3 diet interventions increased blood ionized and total magnesium. Groups M and MB further increased Mg2+ when compared to PF. Horses receiving treatments had a significant reduction in headshaking behavior, as measured by incidence rate ratio (IRR), when compared to unsupplemented hay diet (44% for PF, IRR, 0.558; CI, 0.44, 0.72; P < .001; 52% for M, IRR, 0.476; CI, 0.37, 0.62; P < .001; and 64% for MB, IRR, 0.358; CI, 0.27, 0.48; P < .001).Conclusions and clinical importanceMagnesium in combination with boron had the greatest decrease in headshaking. Oral supplementation with magnesium or magnesium in combination with boron should be considered in horses affected with headshaking

Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate and its effect on horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.

BackgroundTrigeminal-mediated headshaking results from low-threshold firing of the trigeminal nerve resulting in apparent facial pain. Magnesium may have neuroprotective effects on nerve firing that potentially dampen signs of neuropathic pain. This hypothesis has not been investigated in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.ObjectiveTo investigate head-shaking behavior in affected horses after IV magnesium sulfate infusion.AnimalsSix geldings with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.MethodsProspective randomized crossover study. Horses were controlled for diet and infused IV with 5% dextrose solution (DS; control solution at 2 mL/kg body weight [BW]) and MgSO4 50% solution (MSS at 40 mg/kg BW). Head-shaking behavior was recorded at times T0 (baseline, before infusion) and T15, T30, T60, and T120 minutes post-infusion. Venous blood variables such as pH, HCO3 - , standard base excess (SBE), Na+ , Cl- , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , total magnesium (tMg), glucose, and lactate were measured; strong ion difference (SID) and anion gap (AG) were calculated for each time point.ResultsBlood variables including pH, Na+ , Cl- , K+ , SID, AG, lactate, Ca2+ , tMg, and Mg2+ had significant changes with MSS as compared to DS treatment. Glucose, SBE, and HCO3 - did not have significant changes. A 29% reduction in head-shaking rate occurred after MSS treatment but no change occurred after DS treatment.Conclusions and clinical importanceAdministration of MSS IV increased plasma total and ionized magnesium concentrations and significantly decreased head-shaking behavior in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking

PEMANFAATAN PEKARANGAN KELUARGA PETANI DI DESA PARA-LELE, KECAMATAN TATOARENG, KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE

This study aims to identify the area of yard farmland owned by the farmers' families in the cultivation of vegetables and spices and to identify the amount of costs incurred by the family of farmers for the consumption of vegetables and spices in one month. This study was conducted for three months from the time of preparation to the preparation of the final research report.Activitiesbegin from September to November 2017. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from the respondents through surveys, documentation, interviews using a list of questions that have been prepared first.Teknik sample used is purposive sampling technique with the number of samples of 30 respondents. With the provisions of the families of farmers who grow vegetables and spices as many as 15 respondent and farm families who do not grow vegetables and spices as many as 15 respondent. Then the data collected will be analyzed descriptively and presented in written form and table. Based on data analysis that has been collected, it is concluded that the area of yard area owned by family of farmers who grow vegetables and spices mostly located in the area between 100 m² - 120 m² whereas family of farmers who do not plant vegetables and spices mostly located in the area between 121 m² - 140 m². As for the cost of consumption of vegetables, both farming families who do not plant, the average cost of Rp 330,000- Rp 599,000. for the cost of spice consumption of both planting and non-planting farm families, the average cost of Rp 289,000 - Rp.576,000

Luteinizing hormone concentrations in healthy horses and horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking over an 8-hour period.

BackgroundTrigeminal-mediated headshaking results from a low threshold for firing of the trigeminal nerve. A seasonal component has been implicated in onset of clinical signs, which occur during the spring and summer months. Geldings are overrepresented in the affected population and hormonal differences as compared to a healthy control population of geldings might contribute to headshaking.Objective/hypothesisTo assess concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) over an 8-hour period in gelded healthy controls and horses affected with headshaking. Our hypothesis was that geldings with seasonal headshaking would have higher concentrations of LH over an 8-hour period compared to control horses during the summer when affected horses manifested headshaking.AnimalsTwelve geldings (6 controls and 6 affected).MethodsProspective controlled trial. Blood samples were drawn every 15 minutes over an 8-hour time period during summer from all horses to measure circulating LH concentrations by using a radioimmunoassay for equine LH. All affected horses were actively affected by headshaking at the time of sample collection.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in LH concentrations were found throughout the study period in headshakers as compared to control horses. Time had no significant effect, but a slight decrease in LH concentrations was observed for all horses. The main limitation of the study was the low number of horses.Conclusions and clinical importanceHorses affected with headshaking did not have significant differences in circulating LH during the late summer as compared to control horses

Instrumentos de avaliação em reumatologia: importância de sua tradução e validação para nosso idioma

Revista Brasileira de ReumatologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Proposal for Implementation of Green Roof Project Using the Wetland Technique

This work presents a study on methods of wetland systems and the design of a prototype of green roof design in a practical example, with the objective of presenting a sustainable technique for reuse of rainwater. The use of the wetland system as a technique for collecting and treating wastewater can be one of the possible solutions to the lack of potable water in large urban centres, since the system is capable of filtering rainwater. As a result, a proposed green roof design is presented using a wetland system built to retain and treat rainwater for reuse with non-potable purposes. This system, in addition to integrating landscape aspects of the environment, presents low cost of implementation and can be a viable alternative for water reuse. This study contributes to improve knowledge as this type of technique is not yet used in Brazil, allowing future work on the economic viability and construction of the prototype

Implementasi dan Pengaturan Illicit Enrichment (Peningkatan Kekayaan secara Tidak Sah) di Indonesia

Undang-undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 jo Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang tindak Pidana Korupsi masih menyisahkan celah hukum bagi penjahat pengemplang uang dan kekayaan Negara. Meski saat ini lembaga KPK (Komisi Pemberatasan Korupsi) sudah secara maksimal melakukan tindakan pencegahan (preventif) dan penindakan (Represif), para penjahat ini masih dapat mengakali peraturan Perundang-undangan dan mengerus keuangan Negara untuk memperkaya diri dan kelompoknya. Berdasarkan itu, Pengaturan Illicit Enrichment (Kekayaan yang tidak wajar) sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 20 UNCAC merupakan hal penting untuk ditindaklanjuti oleh Indonesia sebagai Negara peserta Konvensi ini. Saat ini, dari 193 Negara yang ada di dunia, setidaknya sudah ada 44 negara yang memiliki intrumen hukum setingkat UU tentang Illicit Enrichment. 39 Negara dari 44 tersebut mengenakan sanksi kurungan atau penjara, seperti Cina, India,Malaysia, Brunei, Makao, Bangladesh, dan Mesir