26 research outputs found
A bispecific diabody directed against prostate-specific membrane antigen and CD3 induces T-cell mediated lysis of prostate cancer cells
BACKGROUND: Although cancer of the prostate is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men, no curative treatment currently exists after its progression beyond resectable boundaries. Therefore, new agents for targeted treatment strategies are needed. Cross-linking of tumor antigens with T-cell associated antigens by bispecific monoclonal antibodies have been shown to increase antigen-specific cytotoxicity in T-cells. Since the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents an excellent tumor target, immunotherapy with bispecific diabodies could be a promising novel treatment option for prostate cancer. METHODS: A heterodimeric diabody specific for human PSMA and the T-cell antigen CD3 was constructed from the DNA of anti-CD3 and anti-PSMA single chain Fv fragments (scFv). It was expressed in E. coli using a vector containing a bicistronic operon for co-secretion of the hybrid scFv V<sub>H</sub>CD3-V<sub>L</sub>PSMA and V<sub>H</sub>PSMA-V<sub>L</sub>CD3. The resulting PSMAxCD3 diabody was purified from the periplasmic extract by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The binding properties were tested on PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells and PSMA-negative cell lines as well as on Jurkat cells by flow cytometry. For in vitro functional analysis, a cell viability test (WST) was used. For in vivo evaluation the diabody was applied together with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in a C4-2 xenograft-SCID mouse model. RESULTS: By Blue Native gel electrophoresis, it could be shown that the PSMAxCD3 diabody is mainly a tetramer. Specific binding both to CD3-expressing Jurkat cells and PSMA-expressing C4-2 cells was shown by flow cytometry. In vitro, the diabody proved to be a potent agent for retargeting PBL to lyze C4-2 prostate cancer cells. Treatment of SCID mice inoculated with C4-2 tumor xenografts with the diabody and PBL efficiently inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS: The PSMAxCD3 diabody bears the potential for facilitating immunotherapy of prostate cancer and for the elimination of minimal residual disease
A novel IgE antibody targeting the prostate-specific antigen as a potential prostate cancer therapy
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. The
prostate-specific antigen (PSA), often found at high levels in the serum of PCa patients, has been used as a marker for PCa detection and as a target of immunotherapy. The murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody AR47.47, specific for human PSA, has been shown to enhance antigen presentation by human dendritic cells and induce both CD4 andCD8 T-cell activation when complexed with PSA. In this study, we explored the properties of a novel mouse/human chimeric anti-PSA IgE containing the variable regions of AR47.47 as a potential therapy for PCa. Our goal was to take advantage of the unique properties of IgE in order to trigger immune activation against PCa.Fil: Daniels-Wells, Tracy R. University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: Helguera, Gustavo Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Tecnologia Farmaceutica; Argentina; University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: Leuchter, Richard K. University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: Quintero, Rafael. University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: Kozman, Maggie. University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: RodrĂguez, JosĂ© A.. University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica; University of California. The Molecular Biology Institute; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: Ortiz-Sánchez, E. University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica; Biomedical Research in Cancer. Basic Research Division. National Institute of Cancerology; Mexico.;Fil: MartĂnez-Maza, Otonel. University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: Schultes, Brigit C.. Advanced Immune Therapeutics; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: Nicodemus Christopher. Advanced Immune Therapeutics; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica;Fil: Penichet, Manuel. University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Surgery. Division of Surgical Oncology; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica; University of California. The Molecular Biology Institute; Estados Unidos de AmĂ©rica
The role of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men, with over a million new cases every year worldwide. Tumor growth and disease progression is mainly dependent on the Androgen Receptor (AR), a ligand dependent transcription factor. Standard PCa therapeutic treatments include androgen-deprivation therapy and AR signaling inhibitors. Despite being successful in controlling the disease in the majority of men, the high frequency of disease progression to aggressive and therapy resistant stages (termed castrate resistant prostate cancer) has led to the search for new therapeutic targets. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1-4) family is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that holds promise as a novel target. RSKs are effector kinases that lay downstream of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and aberrant activation or expression of RSKs has been reported in several malignancies, including PCa. Despite their structural similarities, RSK isoforms have been shown to perform nonredundant functions and target a wide range of substrates involved in regulation of transcription and translation. In this article we review the roles of the RSKs in proliferation and motility, cell cycle control and therapy resistance in PCa, highlighting the possible interplay between RSKs and AR in mediating disease progression. In addition, we summarize the current advances in RSK inhibitor development and discuss their potential clinical benefits
377 FURS improved: How to achieve superior results in flexible ureterorenoscopic treatment of renal calculi?
506 Outcome in sporadic and hereditary renal tumours treated by nephron sparing surgery (NSS)
Immunosuppressive treatment of chronic periaortitis: a retrospective study of 20 patients with chronic periaortitis and a review of the literature
Background: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) and inflammatory aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (IAAA) are regarded as two manifestations of the same disease, termed "chronic periaortitis". Objective: To determine the optimal therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to IAAA. Methods: The outcome of medical immunosuppressive and surgical treatment of 20 patients was examined. Measurements of the C reactive protein (CRP) were compared with contrast enhanced imaging studies in the follow up of the patients. Results: The diameter of the periaortic mantle and its contrast enhancement improved in 13/15 (87%) patients given immunosuppressive treatment for a period of more than 6 months. Strong contrast enhancement was associated with a substantial rise in CRP, but no correlation between the CRP value and thickness of the fibrotic mass was found, even at intraindividual follow up. Conclusions: Immunosuppressive treatment should be included in the first line treatment of patients with RPF and should be maintained long term. Imaging studies are better than CRP measurements in the evaluation of response to treatment