1,160 research outputs found
Bacteriochlorophyll aggregates in positively charged micelles
Micellar complexes were prepared from bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriopheophytin a with the cationic detergents, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride. These complexes have spectroscopic properties (absorption, circular dichroism) which are very different from the ones formed with non-ionic detergents like Triton X-100, and also with anionic detergents. Bacteriochlorophyll a forms two complexes: One is blue-shifted and has excitonically coupled Qy transitions. The second one is extremely red-shifted. The unusual properties are suggested to result from interactions of the positively charged head-group of the detergent with the tetrapyrrole
Triggering and modulation of the host-parasite interplay by Echinococcus multilocularis: a review
As more facts emerge regarding the ways in which E. multilocularis-derived molecules trigger the host immune response and modulate the host-parasite interplay, it becomes possible to envisage how the parasite can survive and proliferate in its intermediate host, while in other hosts it dies out. Through effects on cells of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, E. multilocularis can orchestrate a range of outcomes that are beneficial not only to the parasite, in terms of facilitating its intrahepatic proliferation and maturation, and thus life cycle over all, but also to its intermediate host, in limiting pathology. The present review deals with the role of metacestode surface molecules as well as excretory/secretory (E/S) metabolic products of the parasite in the modulation of the host responses such as to optimize its own surviva
Adhesion and invasion of bovine endothelial cells by Neospora caninum
Neospora caninum is a recently identified coccidian parasite which was, until 1988, misdiagnosed as Toxoplasma gondii. It causes paralysis and death in dogs and neonatal mortality and abortion in cattle, sheep, goats and horses. The life-cycle of Neospora has not yet been elucidated. The only two stages identified so far are tissue cysts and intracellularly dividing tachyzoites. Very little is known about the biology of this species. We have set up a fluorescence-based adhesion/invasion assay in order to investigate the interaction of N. caninum tachyzoites with bovine aorta endothelial (BAE) cells in vitro. Treatment of both host cells and parasites with metabolic inhibitors determined the metabolic requirements for adhesion and invasion. Chemical and enzymatic modifications of parasite and endothelial cell surfaces were used in order to obtain information on the nature of cell surface components responsible for the interaction between parasite and host. Electron microscopical investigations defined the ultrastructural characteristics of the adhesion and invasion process, and provided information on the intracellular development of the parasite
ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π£ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠ‘Π£Π Π‘ΠΠ
Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ β ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ
Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ
Modeling and analysis of own oscillations of the TFB with turbine 500 Mw
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Ρ-ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ-ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 500 ΠΠΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Ρ-ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ-ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Ρ-ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ-ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.The analysis of the own oscillations of the turbounit-foundation-base system is carried out. The system includes a reinforced concrete foundation, a 500 MW turbine with five bodies, a generator and four condensers. To study the chosensystem with a steam turbine, which contains several typical buildings. The relevance of the study is due to the presence of turbounit-foundation-base systems with a long operating time and a significant development of the base resource of increased levels of vibration. On the other hand, the relevance and novelty of the results is due to the lack of previousresearch on the given object and subject of research. A system with a steam turbine with four typical identical flexible housings and one rigid body of high weight is considered. The system of turbine-base-base in the frequency range close to the frequency of oscillations of electromagnetic naturefrom the generator was considered. The object of the study is a turbo-base-base system. The method of finite elements is used for modeling and conducting numerical calculations. The geometric and finite-element models of the turbo unit-foundation-base system are constructed taking into account the features of the interaction of flexible bodies of the turbine with the foundation. The modeling of the foundation is done using a system of core and mass finite element. The rigid body of the steam turbine and the generator were modeled using a system of massive finite elements. The most flexible bodies of the steam turbine weremodeled using a shell, coreand mass finite element system. The basis was modeled using the system of stiffness and boundary conditions. Capacitors were modeled using a system of stiffness and boundary conditions. The peculiarity of the calculation models is the detailed three-dimensional modeling of flexible bodies of the steam turbine. The applied simulation technique is unique and allows us to carry out a detailed analysis of the system's own oscillations. The calculations of proper oscillations have been carried out. Own frequencies and forms of oscillations are obtained.The obtained results give a qualitative estimation of the internal oscillations of separate elements of the considered system of the turbo-aggregate-foundation-base and the system as a whole. The results ofthe calculations were used inthe study of the causes of increased vibration of the turbo unit-foundation-base system and its individual elements
Π ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π½-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡ (rα΅’) ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ±Π±ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΞcGα΅’β°) Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄-, ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄-ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠβΊ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π½-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ 5-55Β°Π‘. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.Modification of double-layer model Abraham-Liszi is offered by authors both effective radii (rα΅’) and values of changes of Gibbs energy solvation (ΞcGα΅’β°) for bromide- and iodide-ions in a series of primary alcohols from methanol to octanol are calculated at 278.15-328.15 K on the basis of this modification. The latter consider the mechanism of ions solvation better. This mechanism takes into account reduction of a free energy of system at the expense of neutralization of an ion charge and redistribution of a charge with environmental solvent molecules
Rotifer niche segregation factors
The niche space of a species has been defined as the region in N-dimensional
environmental hyperspace in which the fitness of the individuals is positive. In zooplankton
assemblages, there has been little consideration of how different density-dependent (i.e. resources)
and density-independent (i.e. conditions) environmental factors relate to fitness components in the
field, namely survival and reproduction. We studied the abundance and reproduction (egg ratio)
variability of seven species of pelagic rotifers living in a high-mountain lake and their relation to a
number of environmental factors by means of partial canonical correspondence analyses. The
generally higher explanatory capacity of conditions over resources suggests that habitat
partitioning among species largely relies on historical processes, which are internalised in life
history traits of spatial and temporal habitat use. However, the increase in the relevance of
resources when considering reproduction, as compared to abundance, indicates that there is still an
on-going interactive niche segregation process among rotifer species, which affects present and
future rotifer assemblages in the lake. Our study shows the value of considering measurements
close to fitness components (e.g. egg ratio) for detecting on-going niche segregation processes in
zooplankton, which may help to resolve paradoxes in relation to species coexistence in natural
assemblages.Peer reviewe
ΠΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ (Π‘Π-1)
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