Groundwater quality assessment by Water quality index (WQI) and Multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) for coastal zones of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh

Groundwater is a vital resource for the drinking water supply to the people in the areas residing in the coastal zones. Rapid industrialization increased the human population, and anthropogenic activities led to groundwater pollution. The water quality should be continuously monitored to analyse the suitability of the water, and it is only possible by the water quality index. In the current study, we attempted to determine the groundwater quality of the Mandal headquarters of the coastal zones of the Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, by using the water quality index (WQi) considering the parameters pH, Electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, calcium and magnesium, potassium, and sodium, human health assessment tool, and multivariate statistical analysis. The results found that the WQi of the coastal zones ranged from 49.6 to 361.7, and in the post-monsoon season, the Etcherla Mandal station water was not advisable for drinking. Human health risk assessment showed that children in these sampling stations are more prone to the non-carcinogenic health risks associated with nitrate pollution. Proper reduction measures in the sampling areas must be taken to depreciate nitrate and seepage into the groundwater. Piper plots and correlation matrices showed the anion-cation interaction, and the principal component analyzed and showed the pollution sources. The current study concluded that anthropogenic activities continuously deteriorate groundwater quality, indirect saltwater intrusion was identified, and groundwater treatment is necessary before consumption.

Relation between high T<SUB>c</SUB> superconductivity and structure: a study of Ba<SUB>3+x</SUB>Cu<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>14+&#948;</SUB> and YBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7-&#948;</SUB> systems

Superconductivity is found in tetragonal La3-x Ba3+x Cu6O14+&#948; and La, Ba)6-x Sr x Cu6O14+&#948; even though they do not possess Cu-O chains or the K2NiF4 structure. Resistivity measurements confirm the occurrence of a transformation from chain-superconductivity to sheet-superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O7-&#948; as &#948; is varied in the range 0.0-0.5

A bibliography of parasites and diseases of marine and freshwater fishes of India

With the increasing demand for fish as human food, aquaculture both in freshwater and salt water is rapidly developing over the world. In the developing countries, fishes are being raised as food. In many countries fish farming is a very important economic activity. The most recent branch, mariculture, has shown advances in raising fishes in brackish, estuarine and bay waters, in which marine, anadromous and catadromous fishes have successfully been grown and maintained

Vibrational Hamiltonian of Carbonyl Sulphide and Hydrogen Cyanide

This study thoroughly investigates the vibrational frequencies of carbonyl sulphide (12C16O32S) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) up to the fifth harmonic level. It offers comprehensive insights into vibrational modes by using the Hamiltonian operator formalism and concentrating on invariant operators and algebraic parameters with a one-dimensional Lie algebraic method. The findings are significant for atmospheric chemistry, spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry, contributing to a deeper understanding of molecular dynamics. This research sets the groundwork for future studies in comparable compounds and applications

A neutron diffraction study of LaBa2Cu3O7−δ

The correlation between structure and oxygen content in the LaBa2Cu3O7+δ was investigated by neutron powder diffraction. It is shown that the structure is orthorhombic (Pmmm) when δ = −0.04 and tetragonal (P4/mmm) when δ = −0.06. Such a change in structure accompanying a very small variation in oxygen stoichiometry is remarkable. In the orthorhombic structure of the δ = −0.04 sample, there is 70% oxygen occupancy for the linear chain site Image and 34% for the Image site. The La sites have 13.6% Ba when δ = −0.04 and 11.2% Ba when δ = −0.06; the Ba sites have 10% La in both cases

Sustainable synthesis of hierarchically grown chloramphenicol-imprinted poly(caffeic acid) nanostructured films

Hierarchically nanostructured chloramphenicol (CLP) imprinted thin polymer films have been developed using a renewable monomer, the antioxidant caffeic acid (CA), using sacrificial nanostructures to induce porosity into the films. The poly(caffeic acid) (PCA) films were synthesized on Au/quartz resonators via greener polymerization conditions (clean energy electropolymerization in aqueous buffer or a non-ionic deep eutectic solvent). The sacrificial nanostructures explored included zein-based protein nanobeads, anodized alumina membrane, and Tween 20-derived polysorbate micelles, where dissolution of the sacrificial nanostructure templates from the PCA films afforded uniform long-range hyperporous networks, nanowires and nanoparticles, respectively, as revealed by SEM studies. Selective extraction of the CLP template from PCA films, was monitored by XPS, and afforded CLP selective cavities. The CLP-imprinted PCA(zein) films demonstrated eight- to 25-fold higher sensitivity than the other nanostructures in a QCM-sensor format, the limit of detection (LOD) under optimized FIA conditions was 50 mM. Significant sensitivities for CLP in milk were observed (1.5 mu g/ml to 3 mg/ml), covering the clinically relevant concentration range. The PCA(zein) thin films selectively differentiate CLP from structurally related antibiotics and are robust. Their production from renewable feedstocks of biological origin highlights the potential of this class of nanostructured materials for applications utilizing thin films

Tobacco <i>(Nicotiana tabacum </i>L.)-A model system for tissue culture interventions and genetic engineering

171-184Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) has become a model system for tissue culture and genetic engineering over the past several decades and continues to remain the 'Cinderella of Plant Biotechnology', An ill vitro culture medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), based on the studies with tobacco tissue cultures, has now been widely used as culture medium formulation for hundreds of plant species. Studies with tobacco tissue culture have shed light on the control of in vitro growth and differentiation. Further, induction of haploids, microspore derived embryos and selection of mutant cell lines, have been achieved successfully. Tobacco has also been employed for the culture and fusion of plant protoplasts, providing invaluable information on way to explore the potential of somatic hybridization in other crops. Optimization of genetic transformation, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, has been central to the cascade of advances in the area of transgenic plants. Developments in the field of molecular farming for the expression and/or production of recombinant proteins, vaccines and antibodies are gaining significance for industrial use and human healthcare

Superstructures exhibited by oxides of the aurivillius family, (Bi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUP>2+</SUP> (A<SUB>n&#8722;1</SUB>B<SUB>n</SUB>O<SUB>3n+1</SUB>)<SUP>2&#8722;</SUP>

Bi5Ti3FeO15 and Bi7Ti3Fe3O21 which are n=4 and n=6 members of the family of oxides of the general formula (Bi2O2)2+(An&#8722;1BnO3n+1)2&#8722; show unusual superstructures, possibly due to cation ordering

Evolution of three-dimensional character across the La<SUB>n+1</SUB>Ni<SUB>n</SUB>O<SUB>3n+1</SUB> homologous series with increase in n

Electrical and magnetic properties of La3Ni2O7 and La4Ni3O10 have been investigated in comparison with those of La2NiO4, LaNiO3, and LaSrNiO4. The results suggest an increasing 3-dimensional character across the homologous series Lan+1NinO3n+1 with increase in n. Accordingly, the electrical resistivity decreases in the order La3Ni2O7, La4Ni3O10, and LaNiO3 and this trend is suggested to be related to the percolation threshold. Magnetic properties of these oxides also show some interesting trends across the series