7,876 research outputs found
Electronic structure and total energy of interstitial hydrogen in iron: Tight binding models
An application of the tight binding approximation is presented for the
description of electronic structure and interatomic force in magnetic iron,
both pure and containing hydrogen impurities. We assess the simple canonical
d-band description in comparison to a non orthogonal model including s and d
bands. The transferability of our models is tested against known properties
including the segregation energies of hydrogen to vacancies and to surfaces of
iron. In many cases agreement is remarkably good, opening up the way to quantum
mechanical atomistic simulation of the effects of hydrogen on mechanical
properties
La influencia de UBER como modelo de servicio en la preferencia de los usuarios del segmento B entre los 20-25 años de Ate Vitarte en el año 2018.
Al buscar en las tiendas de App que nos ofrecen los teléfonos móviles, el nombre de “UBER” en este navegador nos devuelve una gran cantidad de buenos comentarios. Frente a este buen número de comentarios, también aparece un notorio número de App’s, donde distinguimos la aparición de los sectores de Taxi. Como si se tratara de la venta de camisetas en los estadios, antes y después del evento deportivo, mucha variedad para elegir. Pero siempre al encontrar una buena opción dejas de lado otra, como en este caso sería la preferencia de App’s sobre el uso de taxis informales, casi habitual entre un fenómeno reciente de nuestra economía y un sector con muchos años a su espalda. Modernidad y tradición se enfrentan de nuevo, cuál enfrentamiento de animales hambrientos, algo que analizaremos en este documento, no es ningún fruto de casualidad
Non-linear Evolution of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Improved Perturbation Theory in Real and Redshift Spaces
We study the non-linear evolution of baryon acoustic oscillations in the
matter power spectrum and correlation function from the improved perturbation
theory (PT). Based on the framework of renormalized PT, we apply the {\it
closure approximation} that truncates the infinite series of loop contributions
at one-loop order, and obtain a closed set of integral equations for power
spectrum and non-linear propagator. The resultant integral expressions keep
important non-perturbative properties which can dramatically improve the
prediction of non-linear power spectrum. Employing the Born approximation, we
then derive the analytic expressions for non-linear power spectrum and the
predictions are made for non-linear evolution of baryon acoustic oscillations
in power spectrum and correlation function. A detailed comparison between
improved PT results and N-body simulations shows that a percent-level agreement
is achieved in a certain range in power spectrum and in a rather wider range in
correlation function. Combining a model of non-linear redshift-space
distortion, we also evaluate the power spectrum and correlation function in
correlation function. In contrast to the results in real space, the agreement
between N-body simulations and improved PT predictions tends to be worse, and a
more elaborate modeling for redshift-space distortion needs to be developed.
Nevertheless, with currently existing model, we find that the prediction of
correlation function has a sufficient accuracy compared with the
cosmic-variance errors for future galaxy surveys with volume of a few (Gpc/h)^3
at z>=0.5.Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.
Blood Pressure and Cognitive Decline Over 8 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Black and White Americans
Although the association between high blood pressure (BP), particularly in midlife, and late-life dementia is known, less is known about variations by race and sex. In a prospective national study of 22 164 blacks and whites ≥45 years without baseline cognitive impairment or stroke from the REGARDS cohort study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke), enrolled 2003 to 2007 and followed through September 2015, we measured changes in cognition associated with baseline systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), as well as pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure, and we tested whether age, race, and sex modified the effects. Outcomes were global cognition (Six-Item Screener; primary outcome), new learning (Word List Learning), verbal memory (Word List Delayed Recall), and executive function (Animal Fluency Test). Median follow-up was 8.1 years. Significantly faster declines in global cognition were associated with higher SBP, lower DBP, and higher PP with increasing age ( P<0.001 for age×SBP×follow-up-time, age×DBP×follow-up-time, and age×PP×follow-up-time interaction). Declines in global cognition were not associated with mean arterial pressure after adjusting for PP. Blacks, compared with whites, had faster declines in global cognition associated with SBP ( P=0.02) and mean arterial pressure ( P=0.04). Men, compared with women, had faster declines in new learning associated with SBP ( P=0.04). BP was not associated with decline of verbal memory and executive function, after controlling for the effect of age on cognitive trajectories. Significantly faster declines in global cognition over 8 years were associated with higher SBP, lower DBP, and higher PP with increasing age. SBP-related cognitive declines were greater in blacks and men
Statistical properties of driven Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in three dimensions: Novel universality
We analyse the universal properties of nonequilibrium steady states of driven
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in three dimensions (3d). We elucidate the
dependence of various phenomenologically important dimensionless constants on
the symmetries of the two-point correlation functions. We, for the first time,
also suggest the intriguing possibility of multiscaling universality class
varying continuously with certain dimensionless parameters. The experimental
and theoretical implications of our results are discussed.Comment: To appear in Europhys. Lett. (2004
Supercell technique for total-energy calculations of finite charged and polar systems
We study the behavior of total-energy supercell calculations for dipolar molecules and charged clusters. Using a cutoff Coulomb interaction within the framework of a plane-wave basis set formalism, with all other aspects of the method (pseudopotentials, basis set, exchange-correlation functional) unchanged, we are able to assess directly the interaction effects present in the supercell technique. We find that the supercell method gives structures and energies in almost total agreement with the results of calculations for finite systems, even for molecules with large dipole moments. We also show that the performance of finite-grid calculations can be improved by allowing a degree of aliasing in the Hartree energy, and by using a reciprocal space definition of the cutoff Coulomb interaction
Dietary patterns are associated with cognitive function in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.
Identifying factors that contribute to the preservation of cognitive function is imperative to maintaining quality of life in advanced years. Of modifiable risk factors, diet quality has emerged as a promising candidate to make an impact on cognition. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between empirically derived dietary patterns and cognitive function. This study included 18 080 black and white participants aged 45 years and older from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Principal component analysis on data from the Block98 FFQ yielded five dietary patterns: convenience, plant-based, sweets/fats, Southern, and alcohol/salads. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as shifting from intact cognitive status (score >4) at first assessment to impaired cognitive status (score ≤4) at latest assessment, measured by the Six-Item Screener. Learning, memory and executive function were evaluated with the Word List Learning, Word List Delayed Recall, and animal fluency assessments. In fully adjusted models, greater consumption of the alcohol/salads pattern was associated with lower odds of incident cognitive impairment (highest quintile (Q5) v. lowest quintile (Q1): OR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·84; P for trend 0·0005). Greater consumption of the alcohol/salads pattern was associated with higher scores on all domain-specific assessments and greater consumption of the plant-based pattern was associated with higher scores in learning and memory. Greater consumption of the Southern pattern was associated with lower scores on each domain-specific assessment (all P < 0·05). In conclusion, dietary patterns including plant-based foods and alcohol intake were associated with higher cognitive scores, and a pattern including fried food and processed meat typical of a Southern diet was associated with lower scores
Observational Results of a Multi-Telescope Campaign in Search of Interstellar Urea [(NH)CO]
In this paper, we present the results of an observational search for gas
phase urea [(NH)CO] observed towards the Sgr B2(N-LMH) region. We show
data covering urea transitions from 100 GHz to 250 GHz from five
different observational facilities: BIMA, CARMA, the NRAO 12 m telescope, the
IRAM 30 m telescope, and SEST. The results show that the features ascribed to
urea can be reproduced across the entire observed bandwidth and all facilities
by best fit column density, temperature, and source size parameters which vary
by less than a factor of 2 between observations merely by adjusting for
telescope-specific parameters. Interferometric observations show that the
emission arising from these transitions is cospatial and compact, consistent
with the derived source sizes and emission from a single species. Despite this
evidence, the spectral complexity, both of (NH)CO and of Sgr B2(N),
makes the definitive identification of this molecule challenging. We present
observational spectra, laboratory data, and models, and discuss our results in
the context of a possible molecular detection of urea.Comment: 38 pages, 9 Figures, accepted in the Astrophysical Journa
Incompressible Turbulence as Nonlocal Field Theory
It is well known that incompressible turbulence is nonlocal in real space
because sound speed is infinite in incompressible fluids. The equation in
Fourier space indicates that it is nonlocal in Fourier space as well. Contrast
this with Burgers equation which is local in real space. Note that the sound
speed in Burgers equation is zero. In our presentation we will contrast these
two equations using nonlocal field theory. Energy spectrum and renormalized
parameters will be discussed.Comment: 7 pages; Talk presented in Conference on "Perspectives in Nonlinear
Dynamics (PNLD 2004)" held in Chennai, 200
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