Pathogenicity of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on Grape Berries in California

Injured and non-injured grape berries were inoculated with spore suspension of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora or Phaeoacremonium aleophilum under field (intact berries) and laboratory (detached berries) conditions. In one test, berries were injured by pricking the skin with a syringe needle to a depth of approximately 1.5 mm. Brown to purple lesions appeared 5 to 7 days after inoculation in both the injured intact and detached berries. Lesions on these berries were larger when inoculated earlier in the season indicating that young, immature berries are more susceptible to infection than mature berries. In another test, berries were injured by rubbing the skin with carborundum dust using a cotton-tipped applicator. Esca-like lesions developed in 4 to 5 days after inoculation of detached but not intact berries. Occasional infection of non-injured berries occurred which appeared as small dots to pin-head size lesions around the lenticels. Scanning electron microscopy observations of these lesions showed abundant hyphal growth on the surface with apparent penetration through lenticels; however, fungal structures were not detected with certainty beneath the lenticels or intact cuticle. In both tests, the fungi were re-isolated from the advancing margin of the lesions

Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user¿s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option availabl

First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L-pseudotheobromae, and Diplodia seriata Causing Bot Canker and Gummosis of Nectarines in Turkey

WOS: 000385608800025

Differential Susceptibility of Three Grapevine Cultivars to <em>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</em> in California

One-year-old wood of grapevine cv. Thompson Seedless, Grenache, and Cabernet Sauvignon were pruned and the pruning wound immediately inoculated with a spore suspension (approximately 1 106 spores ml-1 of water) of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora or Phaeoacremonium aleophilum. Based on the incidence of esca 3 years after inoculation, Thompson Seedless was rated as the most susceptible of the 3 cultivars. The results are consistent with the observed incidence of naturally-occurring esca in California vineyards on these three cultivars

First report of <I>Togninia minima </I>perithecia on esca- and petri-diseased grapevines in South Africa

Please help populate SUNScholar with the full text of SU research output. Also - should you need this item urgently, please send us the details and we will try to get hold of the full text as quick possible. E-mail to [email protected]. Thank you.Journal Articles (subsidised)AgriwetenskappePlantpatologi

Association of \u3ci\u3eNeonectria macrodidyma\u3c/i\u3e with Dry Root Rot of Citrus in California

During yearly surveys that started in 2010 to identify pathogens associated with dry root rot disease of citrus in California, samples with root rot symptoms were collected in Tulare County. Small pieces of tissue from root samples were plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline and incubated at 25°C. Pure cultures of fungal isolates were identified by morphology and sequence analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer and Beta Tubulin regions. Neonectria macrodidyma (Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum) was first recovered in 2011 and has subsequently been recovered multiple times from citrus samples. The pathogen appeared to be widely distributed in association with citrus dry root rot and possibly interacts with Fusarium solani, Phytophthora nicotianae, and P. citrophthora, the major soil-borne pathogens that were frequently identified from plant samples with root and/or crown rot of citrus in California. The fungal genus Cylindrocarpon (Teleomorph: Neonectria wolenw = Dactylonect ria = Ilyonectria) contains ubiquitous soil-borne pathogens that cause black foot disease on a wide range of hosts, including grapevine, strawberry, apple, and conifers. Hosts typically become infected through natural wounds on roots and other below-ground parts. In this report, we present strain UCR3312, which is the most recently isolated pathogenic strain in 2015. Considering the potential damage that this organism may cause to the citrus industry, detailed studies are recommended to better understand its distribution, epidemiology, and the general pathogen biology to improve the disease management practices

Fungal trunk pathogens of Sultana Seedless vineyards in Aegean region of Turkey

In recent years, grapevine trunk diseases have become a problem in Sultana Seedless vineyards of Manisa and Izmir provinces (Aegean Region, Turkey). A field survey was conducted in 2013 in these provinces (in 8 cities and 80 vineyards) to determine disease incidence, fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases and pathogenicity. Symptomatic vines were grouped by two different grapevine trunk disease symptoms: (1) typical tiger-striped leaves, (2) dead arm, shoot decline or apoplexy. Over 80% of vineyards in these areas were positive for at least one characteristic trunk disease symptom. Incidence of tiger-stripe symptom ranged from 2.9-15% and incidence of apoplexy ranged from 0-4.2%. Eight fungal species in five fungal families were identified from declining grapevines based on morphological and molecular (ITS, ß-tubulin and EF1-a) studies including, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Diaporthe ampelina, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Togninia minima and Fomitiporia mediterranea. Overall, D. ampelina was the most frequently recovered fungus from symptomatic grapevine tissues followed by botryosphaeriaceous fungi, P. chlamydospora, F. mediterranea and T. minima. Pathogenicity tests confirmed all eight fungi as pathogens of grapevine in these regions with N. parvum being the most virulent among the fungi tested. © Firenze University Press

Can preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios predict cervical stromal involvement in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma?

Purpose: To evaluate the possible relationships between preoperative inflammatory markers [neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)] and cervical stromal involvement in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: Charts and pathology results of 639 women who were operated on for endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2013 in the present clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results: 118 women (18.4%) had cervical stromal involvement. Lymph node positivity was significantly more frequent in the cervical stromal involvement group (p < 0.001). A threshold value of 2.41 for NLR had a sensitivity of 62.7%, specificity of 60.1%, PPV of 61.1%, and NPV of 61.8% for the presence of cervical stromal involvement. In multivariate analysis, increased NLR had a significant predictive value for cervical stromal involvement (p = 0.006, OR = 2.03), although PLR remained non-significant (p = 0.77, OR = 1.08). Conclusions: The preoperative NLR assessment is a significant predictor for cervical stromal involvement in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma