1,640 research outputs found
Exponential decay in a spin bath
We show that the coherence of an electron spin interacting with a bath of
nuclear spins can exhibit a well-defined purely exponential decay for special
(`narrowed') bath initial conditions in the presence of a strong applied
magnetic field. This is in contrast to the typical case, where spin-bath
dynamics have been investigated in the non-Markovian limit, giving
super-exponential or power-law decay of correlation functions. We calculate the
relevant decoherence time T_2 explicitly for free-induction decay and find a
simple expression with dependence on bath polarization, magnetic field, the
shape of the electron wave function, dimensionality, total nuclear spin I, and
isotopic concentration for experimentally relevant heteronuclear spin systems.Comment: 4+ pages, 3 figures; v2: 9 pages, 3 figures (added four appendices
with extensive technical details, version to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Singlet-triplet decoherence due to nuclear spins in a double quantum dot
We have evaluated hyperfine-induced electron spin dynamics for two electrons
confined to a double quantum dot. Our quantum solution accounts for decay of a
singlet-triplet correlator even in the presence of a fully static nuclear spin
system, with no ensemble averaging over initial conditions. In contrast to an
earlier semiclassical calculation, which neglects the exchange interaction, we
find that the singlet-triplet correlator shows a long-time saturation value
that differs from 1/2, even in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
Furthermore, we find that the form of the long-time decay undergoes a
transition from a rapid Gaussian to a slow power law () when
the exchange interaction becomes nonzero and the singlet-triplet correlator
acquires a phase shift given by a universal (parameter independent) value of
at long times. The oscillation frequency and time-dependent phase
shift of the singlet-triplet correlator can be used to perform a precision
measurement of the exchange interaction and Overhauser field fluctuations in an
experimentally accessible system. We also address the effect of orbital
dephasing on singlet-triplet decoherence, and find that there is an optimal
operating point where orbital dephasing becomes negligible.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Free-induction decay and envelope modulations in a narrowed nuclear spin bath
We evaluate free-induction decay for the transverse components of a localized
electron spin coupled to a bath of nuclear spins via the Fermi contact
hyperfine interaction. Our perturbative treatment is valid for special
(narrowed) bath initial conditions and when the Zeeman energy of the electron
exceeds the total hyperfine coupling constant : . Using one unified
and systematic method, we recover previous results reported at short and long
times using different techniques. We find a new and unexpected modulation of
the free-induction-decay envelope, which is present even for a purely isotropic
hyperfine interaction without spin echoes and for a single nuclear species. We
give sub-leading corrections to the decoherence rate, and show that, in
general, the decoherence rate has a non-monotonic dependence on electron Zeeman
splitting, leading to a pronounced maximum. These results illustrate the
limitations of methods that make use of leading-order effective Hamiltonians
and re-exponentiation of short-time expansions for a strongly-interacting
system with non-Markovian (history-dependent) dynamics.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
Hyperfine interaction in a quantum dot: Non-Markovian electron spin dynamics
We have performed a systematic calculation for the non-Markovian dynamics of
a localized electron spin interacting with an environment of nuclear spins via
the Fermi contact hyperfine interaction. This work applies to an electron in
the s -type orbital ground state of a quantum dot or bound to a donor impurity,
and is valid for arbitrary polarization p of the nuclear spin system, and
arbitrary nuclear spin I in high magnetic fields. In the limit of p=1 and
I=1/2, the Born approximation of our perturbative theory recovers the exact
electron spin dynamics. We have found the form of the generalized master
equation (GME) for the longitudinal and transverse components of the electron
spin to all orders in the electron spin--nuclear spin flip-flop terms. Our
perturbative expansion is regular, unlike standard time-dependent perturbation
theory, and can be carried-out to higher orders. We show this explicitly with a
fourth-order calculation of the longitudinal spin dynamics. In zero magnetic
field, the fraction of the electron spin that decays is bounded by the
smallness parameter \delta=1/p^{2}N, where N is the number of nuclear spins
within the extent of the electron wave function. However, the form of the decay
can only be determined in a high magnetic field, much larger than the maximum
Overhauser field. In general the electron spin shows rich dynamics, described
by a sum of contributions with non-exponential decay, exponential decay, and
undamped oscillations. There is an abrupt crossover in the electron spin
asymptotics at a critical dimensionality and shape of the electron envelope
wave function. We propose a scheme that could be used to measure the
non-Markovian dynamics using a standard spin-echo technique, even when the
fraction that undergoes non-Markovian dynamics is small.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure
Hall effect in quasi one-dimensional organic conductors
We study the Hall effect in a system of weakly coupled Luttinger Liquid
chains, using a Memory function approach to compute the Hall constant in the
presence of umklapp scattering along the chains. In this approximation, the
Hall constant decomposes into two terms: a high-frequency term and a Memory
function term. For the case of zero umklapp scattering, where the Memory
function vanishes, the Hall constant is simply the band value, in agreement
with former results in a similar model with no dissipation along the chains.
With umklapp scattering along the chains, we find a power-law temperature
dependance of the Hall constant. We discuss the applications to quasi 1D
organic conductors at high temperatures.Comment: Proceedings of the ISCOM conference "Sixth International Symposium on
Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors, and Ferromagnets", Key West,
Florida, USA (Sept. 2005), to be plublished in the Journal of Low Temperature
Physic
Rigorous Born Approximation and beyond for the Spin-Boson Model
Within the lowest-order Born approximation, we present an exact calculation
of the time dynamics of the spin-boson model in the ohmic regime. We observe
non-Markovian effects at zero temperature that scale with the system-bath
coupling strength and cause qualitative changes in the evolution of coherence
at intermediate times of order of the oscillation period. These changes could
significantly affect the performance of these systems as qubits. In the biased
case, we find a prompt loss of coherence at these intermediate times, whose
decay rate is set by , where is the coupling strength
to the environment. We also explore the calculation of the next order Born
approximation: we show that, at the expense of very large computational
complexity, interesting physical quantities can be rigorously computed at
fourth order using computer algebra, presented completely in an accompanying
Mathematica file. We compute the corrections to the long time
behavior of the system density matrix; the result is identical to the reduced
density matrix of the equilibrium state to the same order in . All
these calculations indicate precision experimental tests that could confirm or
refute the validity of the spin-boson model in a variety of systems.Comment: Greatly extended version of short paper cond-mat/0304118.
Accompanying Mathematica notebook fop5.nb, available in Source, is an
essential part of this work; it gives full details of the fourth-order Born
calculation summarized in the text. fop5.nb is prepared in arXiv style
(available from Wolfram Research
Microscopic Theory for the Markovian Decay of Magnetization Fluctuations in Nanomagnets
We present a microscopic theory for the phonon-driven decay of the
magnetization fluctuations in a wide class of nanomagnets where the dominant
energy is set by isotropic exchange and/or uniaxial anisotropy. Based on the
Zwanzig-Mori projection formalism, the theory reveals that the magnetization
fluctuations are governed by a single decay rate , which we further
identify with the zero-frequency portion of the associated self-energy. This
dynamical decoupling from the remaining slow degrees of freedom is attributed
to a conservation law and the discreteness of the energy spectrum, and explains
the omnipresent mono-exponential decay of the magnetization over several
decades in time, as observed experimentally. A physically transparent
analytical expression for is derived which highlights the three
specific mechanisms of the slowing down effect which are known so far in
nanomagnets.Comment: 7 page
Relating chaos to deterministic diffusion of a molecule adsorbed on a surface
Chaotic internal degrees of freedom of a molecule can act as noise and affect
the diffusion of the molecule on a substrate. A separation of time scales
between the fast internal dynamics and the slow motion of the centre of mass on
the substrate makes it possible to directly link chaos to diffusion. We discuss
the conditions under which this is possible, and show that in simple atomistic
models with pair-wise harmonic potentials, strong chaos can arise through the
geometry. Using molecular-dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that a realistic
model of benzene is indeed chaotic, and that the internal chaos affects the
diffusion on a graphite substrate
Magnetization reversal driven by spin-injection : a mesoscopic spin-transfer effect
A mesoscopic description of spin-transfer effect is proposed, based on the
spin-injection mechanism occurring at the junction with a ferromagnet. The
effect of spin-injection is to modify locally, in the ferromagnetic
configuration space, the density of magnetic moments. The corresponding
gradient leads to a current-dependent diffusion process of the magnetization.
In order to describe this effect, the dynamics of the magnetization of a
ferromagnetic single domain is reconsidered in the framework of the
thermokinetic theory of mesoscopic systems. Assuming an Onsager
cross-coefficient that couples the currents, it is shown that spin-dependent
electric transport leads to a correction of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert
equation of the ferromagnetic order parameter with supplementary diffusion
terms. The consequence of spin-injection in terms of activation process of the
ferromagnet is deduced, and the expressions of the effective energy barrier and
of the critical current are derived. Magnetic fluctuations are calculated: the
correction to the fluctuations is similar to that predicted for the activation.
These predictions are consistent with the measurements of spin-transfer
obtained in the activation regime and for ferromagnetic resonance under
spin-injection.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure
Path Integral for Quantum Operations
In this paper we consider a phase space path integral for general
time-dependent quantum operations, not necessarily unitary. We obtain the path
integral for a completely positive quantum operation satisfied Lindblad
equation (quantum Markovian master equation). We consider the path integral for
quantum operation with a simple infinitesimal generator.Comment: 24 pages, LaTe
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