1,793 research outputs found
Spin Disorder and Magnetic Anisotropy in Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
We have studied the magnetic behavior of dextran-coated magnetite
(FeO) nanoparticles with median particle size \left=8 .
Magnetization curves and in-field M\"ossbauer spectroscopy measurements showed
that the magnetic moment of the particles was much smaller than the bulk
material. However, we found no evidence of magnetic irreversibility or
non-saturating behavior at high fields, usually associated to spin canting. The
values of magnetic anisotropy from different techniques indicate that
surface or shape contributions are negligible. It is proposed that these
particles have bulk-like ferrimagnetic structure with ordered A and B
sublattices, but nearly compensated magnetic moments. The dependence of the
blocking temperature with frequency and applied fields, ,
suggests that the observed non-monotonic behavior is governed by the strength
of interparticle interactions.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 3 Table
Role of dipolar interactions in a system of Ni nanoparticles studied by magnetic susceptibility measurements
The role of dipolar interactions among Ni nanoparticles (NP) embedded in an
amorphous SiO2/C matrix with different concentrations has been studied
performing ac magnetic susceptibility Chi_ac measurements. For very diluted
samples, with Ni concentrations < 4 wt % Ni or very weak dipolar interactions,
the data are well described by the Neel-Arrhenius law. Increasing Ni
concentration to values up to 12.8 wt % Ni results in changes in the
Neel-Arrhenius behavior, the dipolar interactions become important, and need to
be considered to describe the magnetic response of the NPs system. We have
found no evidence of a spin-glasslike behavior in our Ni NP systems even when
dipolar interactions are clearly present.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
Micro-SQUID technique for studying the temperature dependence of switching fields of single nanoparticles
An improved micro-SQUID technique is presented allowing us to measure the
temperature dependence of the magnetisation switching fields of single
nanoparticles well above the critical superconducting temperature of the SQUID.
Our first measurements on 3 nm cobalt nanoparticle embedded in a niobium matrix
are compared to the Neel Brown model describing the magnetisation reversal by
thermal activation over a single anisotropy barrier.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures; conference proceeding: 1st Joint European
Magnetic Symposia (JEMS'01), Grenoble (France), 28th August - 1st September,
200
Temperature-dependent ferromagnetic resonance via the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation: Application to FePt
Using the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation for ferromagnetic materials, we derive analytic expressions for temperature dependent absorption spectra as probed by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). By analysing the resulting expressions, we can predict the variation of the resonance frequency and damping with temperature and coupling to the thermal bath. We base our calculations on the technologically relevant L1 FePt, parameterised from atomistic spin dynamics simulations, with the Hamiltonian mapped from ab-initio parameters. By constructing a multi-macrospin model based on the LLB equation and exploiting GPU acceleration we extend the study to investigate the effects on the damping and resonance frequency in {\backslashmu}m sized structures
Magnetic relaxation in finite two-dimensional nanoparticle ensembles
We study the slow phase of thermally activated magnetic relaxation in finite
two-dimensional ensembles of dipolar interacting ferromagnetic nanoparticles
whose easy axes of magnetization are perpendicular to the distribution plane.
We develop a method to numerically simulate the magnetic relaxation for the
case that the smallest heights of the potential barriers between the
equilibrium directions of the nanoparticle magnetic moments are much larger
than the thermal energy. Within this framework, we analyze in detail the role
that the correlations of the nanoparticle magnetic moments and the finite size
of the nanoparticle ensemble play in magnetic relaxation.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
ESR of MnO embedded in silica nanoporous matrices with different topologies
Electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments were performed with
antiferromagnetic MnO confined within a porous vycor-type glass and within
MCM-type channel matrices. A signal from confined MnO shows two components from
crystallized and amorphous MnO and depends on the pore topology. Crystallized
MnO within a porous glass shows a behavior having many similarities to the
bulk. In contrast with the bulk the strong ESR signal due to disordered
"surface" spins is observed below the magnetic transition. With the decrease of
channel diameter the fraction of amorphous MnO increases while the amount of
crystallized MnO decreases. The mutual influence of amorphous and crystalline
MnO is observed in the matrices with a larger channel diameter. In the matrices
with a smaller channel diameter the ESR signal mainly originates from amorphous
MnO and its behavior is typical for the highly disordered magnetic system.Comment: 7 pages pdf file, 5 figure
Functional Analysis of Spontaneous Cell Movement under Different Physiological Conditions
Cells can show not only spontaneous movement but also tactic responses to
environmental signals. Since the former can be regarded as the basis to realize
the latter, playing essential roles in various cellular functions, it is
important to investigate spontaneous movement quantitatively at different
physiological conditions in relation to cellular physiological functions. For
that purpose, we observed a series of spontaneous movements by Dictyostelium
cells at different developmental periods by using a single cell tracking
system. Using statistical analysis of these traced data, we found that cells
showed complex dynamics with anomalous diffusion and that their velocity
distribution had power-law tails in all conditions. Furthermore, as development
proceeded, average velocity and persistency of the movement increased and as
too did the exponential behavior in the velocity distribution. Based on these
results, we succeeded in applying a generalized Langevin model to the
experimental data. With this model, we discuss the relation of spontaneous cell
movement to cellular physiological function and its relevance to behavioral
strategies for cell survival.Comment: Accepted to PLoS ON
Structural and magnetic properties of CoPt mixed clusters
In this present work, we report a structural and magnetic study of mixed
Co58Pt42 clusters. MgO, Nb and Si matrix can be used to embed clusters,
avoiding any magnetic interactions between particles. Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM) observations show that Co58Pt42 supported isolated clusters
are about 2nm in diameter and crystallized in the A1 fcc chemically disordered
phase. Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) and Grazing
Incidence Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) reveal that buried clusters
conserve these properties, interaction with matrix atoms being limited to their
first atomic layers. Considering that 60% of particle atoms are located at
surface, this interactions leads to a drastic change in magnetic properties
which were investigated with conventional magnetometry and X-Ray Magnetic
Circular Dichro\"{i}sm (XMCD). Magnetization and blocking temperature are
weaker for clusters embedded in Nb than in MgO, and totally vanish in silicon
as silicides are formed. Magnetic volume of clusters embedded in MgO is close
to the crystallized volume determined by GIWAXS experiments. Cluster can be
seen as a pure ferromagnetic CoPt crystallized core surrounded by a
cluster-matrix mixed shell. The outer shell plays a predominant role in
magnetic properties, especially for clusters embedded in niobium which have a
blocking temperature 3 times smaller than clusters embedded in MgO
Field dependence of the temperature at the peak of the ZFC magnetization
The effect of an applied magnetic field on the temperature at the maximum of
the ZFC magnetization, , is studied using the recently obtained
analytic results of Coffey et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 80}(1998) 5655) for
the prefactor of the N\'{e}el relaxation time which allow one to precisely
calculate the prefactor in the N\'{e}el-Brown model and thus the blocking
temperature as a function of the coefficients of the Taylor series expansion of
the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The present calculations indicate that even
a precise determination of the prefactor in the N\'{e}el-Brown theory, which
always predicts a monotonic decrease of the relaxation time with increasing
field, is insufficient to explain the effect of an applied magnetic field on
the temperature at the maximum of the ZFC magnetization. On the other hand, we
find that the non linear field-dependence of the magnetization along with the
magnetocrystalline anisotropy appears to be of crucial importance to the
existence of this maximum.Comment: 14 LaTex209 pages, 6 EPS figures. To appear in J. Phys.: Condensed
Matte
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