1,718 research outputs found
Confinement and diffusion time-scales of CR hadrons in AGN-inflated bubbles
While rich clusters are powerful sources of X-rays, gamma-ray emission from
these large cosmic structures has not been detected yet. X-ray radiative energy
losses in the central regions of relaxed galaxy clusters are so strong that one
needs to consider special sources of energy, likely AGN feedback, to suppress
catastrophic cooling of the gas. We consider a model of AGN feedback that
postulates that the AGN supplies the energy to the gas by inflating bubbles of
relativistic plasma, whose energy content is dominated by cosmic-ray (CR)
hadrons. If most of these hadrons can quickly escape the bubbles, then
collisions of CRs with thermal protons in the intracluster medium (ICM) should
lead to strong gamma-ray emission, unless fast diffusion of CRs removes them
from the cluster. Therefore, the lack of detections with modern gamma-ray
telescopes sets limits on the confinement time of CR hadrons in bubbles and CR
diffusive propagation in the ICM.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
The first measurement of temperature standard deviation along the line-of-sight in galaxy clusters
Clusters of galaxies are mainly formed by merging of smaller structures,
according to the standard cosmological scenario. If the mass of a substructure
is >10% of that of a galaxy cluster, the temperature distribution of the
intracluster medium (ICM) in a merging cluster becomes inhomogeneous. Various
methods have been used to derive the two-dimensional projected temperature
distribution of the ICM. However, methods for studying temperature distribution
along the line-of-sight through the cluster were absent. In this paper, we
present the first measurement of the temperature standard deviation along the
line-of-sight, using as a reference case the multifrequency SZ measurements of
the Bullet Cluster. We find that the value of the temperature standard
deviation is high and equals to (10.6+/-3.8) keV in the Bullet Cluster. This
result shows that the temperature distribution in the Bullet Cluster is
strongly inhomogeneous along the line-of-sight and provides a new method for
studying galaxy clusters in depth.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, published in MNRAS Letter
YBCO microwave resonators for strong collective coupling with spin ensembles
Coplanar microwave resonators made of 330 nm-thick superconducting YBCO have
been realized and characterized in a wide temperature (, 2-100 K) and
magnetic field (, 0-7 T) range. The quality factor exceeds 10
below 55 K and it slightly decreases for increasing fields, remaining 90 of
for T and K. These features allow the coherent coupling
of resonant photons with a spin ensemble at finite temperature and magnetic
field. To demonstrate this, collective strong coupling was achieved by using
DPPH organic radical placed at the magnetic antinode of the fundamental mode:
the in-plane magnetic field is used to tune the spin frequency gap splitting
across the single-mode cavity resonance at 7.75 GHz, where clear anticrossings
are observed with a splitting as large as MHz at K. The
spin-cavity collective coupling rate is shown to scale as the square root of
the number of active spins in the ensemble.Comment: to appear in Appl. Phys. Let
Can electron distribution functions be derived through the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect?
Measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (hereafter SZ) effect distortion of
the cosmic microwave background provide methods to derive the gas pressure and
temperature of galaxy clusters. Here we study the ability of SZ effect
observations to derive the electron distribution function (DF) in massive
galaxy clusters.
Our calculations of the SZ effect include relativistic corrections considered
within the framework of the Wright formalism and use a decomposition technique
of electron DFs into Fourier series. Using multi-frequency measurements of the
SZ effect, we find the solution of a linear system of equations that is used to
derive the Fourier coefficients; we further analyze different frequency samples
to decrease uncertainties in Fourier coefficient estimations.
We propose a method to derive DFs of electrons using SZ multi-frequency
observations of massive galaxy clusters. We found that the best frequency
sample to derive an electron DF includes high frequencies =375, 600, 700,
857 GHz. We show that it is possible to distinguish a Juttner DF from a
Maxwell-Bolzman DF as well as from a Juttner DF with the second electron
population by means of SZ observations for the best frequency sample if the
precision of SZ intensity measurements is less than 0.1%. We demonstrate by
means of 3D hydrodynamic numerical simulations of a hot merging galaxy cluster
that the morphologies of SZ intensity maps are different for frequencies
=375, 600, 700, 857 GHz. We stress that measurements of SZ intensities at
these frequencies are a promising tool for studying electron distribution
functions in galaxy clusters.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, published in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar PKS 0735+178 in Spatial and Temporal Coincidence with an Astrophysical Neutrino Candidate IceCube-211208A
We report on multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar PKS 0735+178, located 2°.2 away from the best-fit position of the IceCube neutrino event IceCube-211208A detected on 2021 December 8. The source was in a high-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and GeV γ-ray bands around the time of the neutrino event, exhibiting daily variability in the soft X-ray flux. The X-ray data from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR characterize the transition between the low-energy and high-energy components of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), and the γ-ray data from Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and H.E.S.S. require a spectral cutoff near 100 GeV. Both the X-ray and γ-ray measurements provide strong constraints on the leptonic and hadronic models. We analytically explore a synchrotron self-Compton model, an external Compton model, and a lepto-hadronic model. Models that are entirely based on internal photon fields face serious difficulties in matching the observed SED. The existence of an external photon field in the source would instead explain the observed γ-ray spectral cutoff in both the leptonic and lepto-hadronic models and allow a proton jet power that marginally agrees with the Eddington limit in the lepto-hadronic model. We show a numerical lepto-hadronic model with external target photons that reproduces the observed SED and is reasonably consistent with the neutrino event despite requiring a high jet power
Uncertainty relations in curved spaces
Uncertainty relations for particle motion in curved spaces are discussed. The
relations are shown to be topologically invariant. New coordinate system on a
sphere appropriate to the problem is proposed. The case of a sphere is
considered in details. The investigation can be of interest for string and
brane theory, solid state physics (quantum wires) and quantum optics.Comment: published version; phase space structure discussion adde
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