Isolasi Metil Sinamat Dari Minyak Atsiri Laja Gowah (Alpinia Malaccensis (Burm.f.))

Telah dilakukan penelitian isolasi metil sinamat dari minyak laja gowah (Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.)) dengan metode distilasi menggunakan alat spinning band distillation column. Metil sinamat merupakan senyawa ester dari asam sinamat, dengan rumus molekul C10H10O2. Distilasi dilakukan secara batch pada kondisi tekanan vakum dengan variabel volume distilat dan suhu fraksi distilat. Distilasi batch minyak laja gowah menghasilkan fraksi ringan 25%, fraksi metil sinamat 75%, dan residu 5%. Pada tekanan operasi 40 torr, fraksi metil sinamat dengan kemurnian 98% lebih mudah dihasilkan ketika suhu kolom bagian atas mencapai 115oC

Karakteristik Mineral Lokal sebagai Katalis pada Sintesis Poligliserol Banyak Cabang (Hyperbranched Polyglycerol)

Poligliserol banyak cabang (Hyperbranched Polyglycerol /HPG) mempunyai struktur unik dan kaya gugus hidroksi sehingga berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan di berbagai bidang. Dalam pembuatan HPG, katalis mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembentukan strukturnya. Mineral dalam bentuk oksida sudah umum digunakan sebagai katalis pada proses kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggunakan mineral lokal yaitu kapur tohor dan dolomit sebagai katalis pada pembuatan HPG. Batuan kapur dan dolomit dipanaskan terlebih dahulu untuk membentuk CaO dan MgO. Pemanasan batuan kapur pada suhu 900 °C sudah menghasilkan CaO dan CaCO3, sedangkan pemanasan dolomit pada suhu 750 °C menghasilkan MgO dan CaCO3. Proses polimerisasi dilakukan pada suhu 250 °C dan waktu proses 5 jam. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kapur tohor sebagai katalis menghasilkan HPG dengan cabang yang lebih banyak dibandingkan jika menggunakan dolomit. Dari spektrum 13C NMR pada pergeseran kimia 72 ppm sampai dengan 73,5 ppm yang diindikasikan sebagai HPG jenis dendritik mengeluarkan 6 puncak bila menggunakan kapur tohor dan mengeluarkan 1 puncak bila menggunakan dolomit. Spektrum 1H NMR pada pergeseran kimia 3 ppm sampai dengan 4 ppm yang diindikasikan sebagai CH-O mengeluarkan 4 puncak bila menggunakan kapur tohor ataupun dolomit. Penambahan waktu proses sampai 20 jam pada proses polimerisasi dengan katalis kapur tohor menghasilkan 5 puncak spektrum 1H NMR. Bertambahnya jumlah puncak menandakan bertambah banyaknya gugus CH-O, selain itu penambahan waktu proses juga menaikkan jumlah gugus fungsi OH yang keluar pada pergeseran kimia 4,4 ppm sampai dengan 4,7 ppm

Topology-Aware Parallelism for NUMA Copying Collectors

Abstract. NUMA-aware parallel algorithms in runtime systems attempt to improve locality by allocating memory from local NUMA nodes. Re-searchers have suggested that the garbage collector should profile mem-ory access patterns or use object locality heuristics to determine the tar-get NUMA node before moving an object. However, these solutions are costly when applied to every live object in the reference graph. Our earlier research suggests that connected objects represented by the rooted sub-graphs provide abundant locality and they are appropriate for NUMA architecture. In this paper, we utilize the intrinsic locality of rooted sub-graphs to improve parallel copying collector performance. Our new topology-aware parallel copying collector preserves rooted sub-graph integrity by moving the connected objects as a unit to the target NUMA node. In addition, it distributes and assigns the copying tasks to appropriate (i.e. NUMA node local) GC threads. For load balancing, our solution enforces locality on the work-stealing mechanism by stealing from local NUMA nodes only. We evaluated our approach on SPECjbb2013, DaCapo 9.12 and Neo4j. Results show an improvement in GC performance by up to 2.5x speedup and 37 % better application performance

Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiated in Fully Defined Medium Generate Hematopoietic CD34+ and CD34− Progenitors with Distinct Characteristics

Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in vitro provides a powerful means to investigate early developmental fates, including hematopoiesis. In particular, the use of a fully defined medium (FDM) would avoid biases induced by unidentified factors contained in serum, and would also allow key molecular mediators involved in such a process to be identified. Our goal was to induce in vitro, the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into morphologically and phenotypically mature leukocytes and erythrocytes, in the complete absence of serum and feeder cells

HTLV-1 propels thymic human T cell development in “human immune system” Rag2-/- IL-2R γc-/- Mice

Alteration of early haematopoietic development is thought to be responsible for the onset of immature leukemias and lymphomas. We have previously demonstrated that TaxHTLV-1 interferes with ß-selection, an important checkpoint of early thymopoiesis, indicating that human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection has the potential to perturb thymic human αβ T-cell development. To verify that inference and to clarify the impact of HTLV-1 infection on human T-cell development, we investigated the in vivo effects of HTLV-1 infection in a “Human Immune System” (HIS) Rag2-/-γc-/- mouse model. These mice were infected with HTLV-1, at a time when the three main subpopulations of human thymocytes have been detected. In all but two inoculated mice, the HTLV-1 provirus was found integrated in thymocytes; the proviral load increased with the length of the infection period. In the HTLV-1-infected mice we observed alterations in human T-cell development, the extent of which correlated with the proviral load. Thus, in the thymus of HTLV-1-infected HIS Rag2-/-γc-/- mice, mature single-positive (SP) CD4+ and CD8+ cells were most numerous, at the expense of immature and double-positive (DP) thymocytes. These SP cells also accumulated in the spleen. Human lymphocytes from thymus and spleen were activated, as shown by the expression of CD25: this activation was correlated with the presence of tax mRNA and with increased expression of NF-kB dependent genes such as bfl-1, an anti-apoptotic gene, in thymocytes. Finally, hepato-splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and lymphoma/thymoma, in which Tax was detected, were observed in HTLV-1-infected mice, several months after HTLV-1 infection. These results demonstrate the potential of the HIS Rag2-/-γc-/- animal model to elucidate the initial steps of the leukemogenic process induced by HTLV-1

ROR1 Is Expressed in Human Breast Cancer and Associated with Enhanced Tumor-Cell Growth

Receptor-tyrosine-kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is expressed during embryogenesis and by certain leukemias, but not by normal adult tissues. Here we show that the neoplastic cells of many human breast cancers express the ROR1 protein and high-level expression of ROR1 in breast adenocarcinoma was associated with aggressive disease. Silencing expression of ROR1 in human breast cancer cell lines found to express this protein impaired their growth in vitro and also in immune-deficient mice. We found that ROR1 could interact with casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) to activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated AKT phosphorylation and cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB), which was associated with enhanced tumor-cell growth. Wnt5a, a ligand of ROR1, could induce ROR1-dependent signaling and enhance cell growth. This study demonstrates that ROR1 is expressed in human breast cancers and has biological and clinical significance, indicating that it may be a potential target for breast cancer therapy

Karakteristik Mineral Lokal sebagai Katalis pada Sintesis Poligliserol Banyak Cabang (Hyperbranched Polyglycerol)

Poligliserol banyak cabang (Hyperbranched Polyglycerol /HPG) mempunyai struktur unik dan kaya gugus hidroksi sehingga berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan di berbagai bidang. Dalam pembuatan HPG, katalis mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembentukan strukturnya. Mineral dalam bentuk oksida sudah umum digunakan sebagai katalis pada proses kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggunakan mineral lokal yaitu kapur tohor dan dolomit sebagai katalis pada pembuatan HPG. Batuan kapur dan dolomit dipanaskan terlebih dahulu untuk membentuk CaO dan MgO. Pemanasan batuan kapur pada suhu 900 °C sudah menghasilkan CaO dan CaCO3, sedangkan pemanasan dolomit pada suhu 750 °C menghasilkan MgO dan CaCO3. Proses polimerisasi dilakukan pada suhu 250 °C dan waktu proses 5 jam. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kapur tohor sebagai katalis menghasilkan HPG dengan cabang yang lebih banyak dibandingkan jika menggunakan dolomit. Dari spektrum 13C NMR pada pergeseran kimia 72 ppm sampai dengan 73,5 ppm yang diindikasikan sebagai HPG jenis dendritik mengeluarkan 6 puncak bila menggunakan kapur tohor dan mengeluarkan 1 puncak bila menggunakan dolomit. Spektrum 1H NMR pada pergeseran kimia 3 ppm sampai dengan 4 ppm yang diindikasikan sebagai CH-O mengeluarkan 4 puncak bila menggunakan kapur tohor ataupun dolomit. Penambahan waktu proses sampai 20 jam pada proses polimerisasi dengan katalis kapur tohor menghasilkan 5 puncak spektrum 1H NMR. Bertambahnya jumlah puncak menandakan bertambah banyaknya gugus CH-O, selain itu penambahan waktu proses juga menaikkan jumlah gugus fungsi OH yang keluar pada pergeseran kimia 4,4 ppm sampai dengan 4,7 ppm

Distinct expression pattern of IFN-\u3b1 and TNF-\u3b1 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis synovial tissue

Objectives. Recent laboratory and clinical data suggest that two prototype autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are mainly driven by distinct cytokines, interferon (IFN)-\u3b1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u3b1, respectively. We here investigated the presence and characteristics of natural type I IFN-producing cells (IPCs), as well as IFN-\u3b1 and TNF-\u3b1 expression at sites of inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods. Peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) mononuclear cells (MNCs) (n = 25 each) from JIA patients with active disease were studied. IPCs were identified as BCDA-2+ CD123+ HLA-DR+ CD45RA+ cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) as CD11c+ CD14-/lowlin- cells by flow cytometry. IPCs and DCs were analysed for Toll-like receptor-7 and -9 mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. IFN-\u3b1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum, SF and in supernatants of influenza virus-infected, cultured IPCs. Synovial tissues of n = 6 additional JIA patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry using mAbs against CD123, IFN-\u3b1, TNF-\u3b1, CD3, CD19 and CD138. Results. IPCs were enriched in SF MNCs compared with PB MNCs in all JIA patients. Influenza-induced, but no spontaneous IFN-\u3b1 release was detected from SF IPCs, and serum and SF IFN-\u3b1 levels were not elevated. Nonetheless, in synovial tissue IFN-\u3b1 producing cells accumulated at inflammatory lymph-follicular-like structures, while TNF-\u3b1 producing cells were mostly found at the lining and sublining layers. Conclusions. These data suggest that besides TNF-\u3b1-expressing cells, IFN-\u3b1-producing IPCs are involved in initiation, maintenance or regulation of the inflammatory response in JIA. \ua9 2007 Oxford University Press

N-(1-Allyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide hemihydrate

In the title compound, C17H17N3O3.0.5H2O, the indazole system makes a dihedral angle of 46.19 (8)° with the plane through the benzene ring and is nearly perpendicular to the allyl group, as indicated by the dihedral angle of 81.2 (3)°. In the crystal, the water molecule, disordered over two sites related by an inversion center, forms O—H...N bridges between indazole N atoms of two sulfonamide molecules. It is also connected via N—H...O interaction to the third sulfonamide molecule; however, due to the water molecule disorder, only every second molecule of sulfonamide participates in this interaction. This missing interaction results in a slight disorder of the sulfonamide S,O and N atoms which are split over two sites with half occupancy. With the help of C–H...O hydrogen bonds, the molecules are further connected into a three-dimensional network