NASTRAN analysis of Tokamak vacuum vessel using interactive graphics

Isoparametric quadrilateral and triangular elements were used to represent the vacuum vessel shell structure. For toroidally symmetric loadings, MPCs were employed across model boundaries and rigid format 24 was invoked. Nonsymmetric loadings required the use of the cyclic symmetry analysis available with rigid format 49. NASTRAN served as an important analysis tool in the Tokamak design effort by providing a reliable means for assessing structural integrity. Interactive graphics were employed in the finite element model generation and in the post-processing of results. It was felt that model generation and checkout with interactive graphics reduced the modelling effort and debugging man-hours significantly

The influence of financial literacy, digital literacy, digital marketing, brand image and word of mouth on the z generation's interest in Islamic banks

This study aims to examine the effect of digital literacy, digital marketing, and word of mouth on the interest of the z generation in Islamic banks. Researchers used primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to students and students with a total sample of 460 respondents. In this study the sample acquisition technique used a purposive sample with the criteria for respondents being in the age range of 17 years to 25 years. The research method uses a quantitative approach and PLS analysis techniques assisted by SmartPLS version 3.0. The variables in this study include exogenous variables in the form of digital literacy, financial literacy, digital marketing, brand image and word of mouth as well as exogenous variables namely interest in Islamic banks. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy, digital marketing and word of mouth have an influence significant to the interest of the z generation in Islamic banks. Meanwhile, digital literacy and brand image have no significant effect on the z generation's interest in Islamic banks. The results of this study can be used as reference material in conducting further research, especially to determine Islamic banking marketing techniques for the z generation. For further research, it is expected to develop this research by adding other variables such as religiosity, location, level of service and other factors as well as other methods of research such as further and in-depth interview techniques with respondents so that more varied information results are obtained

Food Sharing across Borders

Evolutionary models consider hunting and food sharing to be milestones that paved the way from primate to human societies. Because fossil evidence is scarce, hominoid primates serve as referential models to assess our common ancestors’ capacity in terms of communal use of resources, food sharing, and other forms of cooperation. Whereas chimpanzees form male-male bonds exhibiting resource-defense polygyny with intolerance and aggression toward nonresidents, bonobos form male-female and female-female bonds resulting in relaxed relations with neighboring groups. Here we report the first known case of meat sharing between members of two bonobo communities, revealing a new dimension of social tolerance in this species. This observation testifies to the behavioral plasticity that exists in the two Pan species and contributes to scenarios concerning the traits of the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo. It also contributes to the discussion of physiological triggers of in-group/out-group behavior and allows reconsideration of the emergence of social norms in prehuman societies

Strategies for the Use of Fallback Foods in Apes

Researchers have suggested that fallback foods (FBFs) shape primate food processing adaptations, whereas preferred foods drive harvesting adaptations, and that the dietary importance of FBFs is central in determining the expression of a variety of traits. We examine these hypotheses in extant apes. First, we compare the nature and dietary importance of FBFs used by each taxon. FBF importance appears greatest in gorillas, followed by chimpanzees and siamangs, and least in orangutans and gibbons (bonobos are difficult to place). Next, we compare 20 traits among taxa to assess whether the relative expression of traits expected for consumption of FBFs matches their observed dietary importance. Trait manifestation generally conforms to predictions based on dietary importance of FBFs. However, some departures from predictions exist, particularly for orang-utans, which express relatively more food harvesting and processing traits predicted for consuming large amounts of FBFs than expected based on observed dietary importance. This is probably due to the chemical, mechanical, and phenological properties of the apes’ main FBFs, in particular high importance of figs for chimpanzees and hylobatids, compared to use of bark and leaves—plus figs in at least some Sumatran populations—by orang-utans. This may have permitted more specialized harvesting adaptations in chimpanzees and hylobatids, and required enhanced processing adaptations in orang-utans. Possible intercontinental differences in the availability and quality of preferred and FBFs may also be important. Our analysis supports previous hypotheses suggesting a critical influence of the dietary importance and quality of FBFs on ape ecology and, consequently, evolution

The evolution of the upright posture and gait—a review and a new synthesis

During the last century, approximately 30 hypotheses have been constructed to explain the evolution of the human upright posture and locomotion. The most important and recent ones are discussed here. Meanwhile, it has been established that all main hypotheses published until the last decade of the past century are outdated, at least with respect to some of their main ideas: Firstly, they were focused on only one cause for the evolution of bipedality, whereas the evolutionary process was much more complex. Secondly, they were all placed into a savannah scenario. During the 1990s, the fossil record allowed the reconstruction of emerging bipedalism more precisely in a forested habitat (e.g., as reported by Clarke and Tobias (Science 269:521–524, 1995) and WoldeGabriel et al. (Nature 412:175–178, 2001)). Moreover, the fossil remains revealed increasing evidence that this part of human evolution took place in a more humid environment than previously assumed. The Amphibian Generalist Theory, presented first in the year 2000, suggests that bipedalism began in a wooded habitat. The forests were not far from a shore, where our early ancestor, along with its arboreal habits, walked and waded in shallow water finding rich food with little investment. In contrast to all other theories, wading behaviour not only triggers an upright posture, but also forces the individual to maintain this position and to walk bipedally. So far, this is the only scenario suitable to overcome the considerable anatomical and functional threshold from quadrupedalism to bipedalism. This is consistent with paleoanthropological findings and with functional anatomy as well as with energetic calculations, and not least, with evolutionary psychology. The new synthesis presented here is able to harmonise many of the hitherto competing theories

Otentisitas hak-hak perempuan : perspektif Islam atas kesetaraan jender

Dalam buku ini, Haifaa A. Jawad menjelaskan bahwa Islam menjamin hak-hak perempuan sebagai manusia.xii, 33 2 hlm.; 20 c

Otentisitas hak-hak perempuan : perspektif Islam atas kesetaraan jender

Dalam buku ini, Haifaa A. Jawad menjelaskan bahwa Islam menjamin hak-hak perempuan sebagai manusia.xii, 33 2 hlm.; 20 c

Pandangan Abdurrahman Wahid terhadap konflik Palestina - Israel

x, 125 hlm,; ilus.; 30 cm

Pandangan Abdurrahman Wahid terhadap konflik Palestina - Israel

x, 125 hlm,; ilus.; 30 cm