Polymorphic beams and Nature inspired circuits for optical current

Laser radiation pressure is a basis of numerous applications in science and technology such as atom cooling, particle manipulation, material processing, etc. This light force for the case of scalar beams is proportional to the intensity-weighted wavevector known as optical current. The ability to design the optical current according to the considered application brings new promising perspectives to exploit the radiation pressure. However, this is a challenging problem because it often requires confinement of the optical current within tight light curves (circuits) and adapting its local value for a particular task. Here, we present a formalism to handle this problem including its experimental demonstration. It consists of a Nature-inspired circuit shaping with independent control of the optical current provided by a new kind of beam referred to as polymorphic beam. This finding is highly relevant to diverse optical technologies and can be easily extended to electron and x-ray coherent beams

Current trends in the development of a green finance system: methodology and practice

The concept of green growth and sustainable development is turning into a global ideology guiding the transformation of national economies. The focus is shifting from quantitative assessments of performance to rational choice conditions. Rationality is becoming the decisive factor behind sustainable green growth, and a change in the financial model that supports such growth may be needed. Therefore, the most urgent problems relating to sustainable growth are the transformation of the finance system, on the one hand, and the creation of a new financial paradigm based on the principles of responsible investment and corporate social responsibility, on the other. This study aims to consider the theoretical and practical aspects of creating a national green finance model ensuring sustainable growth in the Russian Federation. The development of a green finance mechanism and a green bond market in the Baltic Sea countries is analysed to determine national features and explore the possibility of translating the Baltic experience into practices usable in Russia. The research uses economic observations, economic description, structural and logical analysis, and systems analysis. Perhaps the most significant finding is the description of a methodological framework for sustainable development theory, as seen by major schools of economic thought. Studying the experience of the Baltic Sea countries in creating a new finance model of responsible investment helped detect national features and development priorities that can be used in Russia in devising the ideology, principles, and mechanism of green growth and sustainable growth financing

Design and implementation of flexible laboratory system for beam propagation study through weak atmospheric turbulence

Different applications such as astronomy, remote optical sensing and free space optical communications, among others, require both numerical and laboratory experimental simulations of beam propagation through turbulent atmosphere prior to an outdoor test. While rotating phase plates or hot chambers can be applied to such studies, they do not allow changing the atmospheric conditions and the propagation distance in situ. In contrast, the spatial light modulators (SLMs) are a flexible alternative for experimental turbulence simulation. In this work we consider an experimental setup comprising two SLMs for studying laser beam propagation in weak atmospheric turbulence. The changes of atmospheric conditions and propagation distances are properly achieved by the adjustment of the phase screens and the focal distances of digital lenses implemented in both SLMs. The proposed system can be completely automatized and all its elements are in fixed positions avoiding mechanical misalignment. Its design, propagation distance and atmospheric condition adjustment are provided. The setup performance is verified by numerical simulation of Gaussian beam propagation in the weak turbulence regime. The obtained parameters: scintillation index, beam wander and spreading are compared to their theoretical counterparts for different propagation distances and atmospheric conditions

Microparticle movements in optical funnels and pods

Three-dimensional microparticle movements induced by laser beams with a funnel-and tubular pod-like structure, in the neighbourhood of the focal plane of an optical trapping setup, are experimentally studied. The funnel and pod beams constructed as coherent superpositions of helical Laguerre-Gaussian modes are synthesized by a computer generated hologram using a phase-only spatial light modulator. Particle tracking is achieved by in-line holography method which allows an accurate position measurement. It is experimentally demonstrated that the trapped particle follows different trajectories depending on the orbital angular momentum density of the beam. In particular applying the proposed pod beam the particle rotates in opposite directions during its movement in the optical trap. Possible applications of these single-beam traps for volumetric optical particle manipulation are discussed. © 2011 Optical Society of America.The financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under projects TEC2008-04105, TEC2009-5545-E/TEC are acknowledged. J. A. Rodrigo and A. M. Caravaca-Aguirre gratefully thank a “Juan de la Cierva” grant and fellowship from “Obra Social Ibercaja (Beca Ibercaja de Investigación 2010)”, respectively. The authors appreciate valuable comments from J. R. Arias-González.Peer Reviewe

ДИНАМИКА КОПИНГ-СТРАТЕГИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ ШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА

The objective of the study: to investigate the changes in preferable coping-strategies during treatment of the school-age children in a TB sanatorium. 77 patients (children and adolescents) were enrolled into the study, they all had rehabilitation due to respiratory tuberculosis. All patients were divided into two groups: 8-12 years old (17 boys and 13 girls) and 13-17 years old (24 boys and 23 girls). Coping strategies in the school-age children were investigated twice: at admission and discharge from the sanatorium, using a questionnaire adapted by N.A. Sirota and V.N. Yaltonsky and modified by R. M. Granovskaya and I.M. Nikolskaya. Analysis of the structure of the responses identified a group of patients who were oriented in the direction from the problem. This group presented a lower number of scores of the problem solution scale and a higher number of scores in the scales of avoidance, denial, fantasy formation. The other group of patients, focused in the direction towards the problem, characterized by a higher number of scores of the scales of problem solution and communication and a lower number of scores for the scales of denial and fantasy formation. Statistically significant changes were observed in the scale assessing communication (p = 0.03); there was a statistically significant reduction in the scores reflecting avoidance and denial (p < 0.001). There were no significant changes in the other scores. Цель исследования: изучение динамики предпочтительных копинг-стратегий в процессе лечения у пациентов детского противотуберкулезного санатория. В исследовании приняли участие 77 проходивших лечение пациентов (детей и подростков) с туберкулезом органов грудной клетки в стадии реабилитации. Все испытуемые разделены на две группы: 8-12 лет (17 мальчиков и 13 девочек) и 13-17 лет (24 мальчика и 23 девочки). Исследование копинг-стратегий у детей школьного возраста проводили дважды: при поступлении и при выписке из санатория с использованием опросника, адаптированного Н. А. Сиротой и В. М. Ялтонским в модификации Р. М. Грановской и И. М. Никольской. Анализ структуры ответов позволил выделить группу пациентов, которые ориентированы в направлении «от проблемной ситуации». Для группы характерны низкие значения шкал «решение проблемы» и «общение» и более высокими – «избегание», «отрицание», «фантазирование». Другая группа пациентов, ориентированых в направлении «на проблемную ситуацию», характеризовалась высокими значениями по шкалам «решение проблемы» и «общение» и более низкими по шкалам «избегание», «отрицание», «фантазирование». В динамике статистически значимо выросли показатели по шкале «общение» (p = 0,03); статистически высокозначимо снизились показатели шкал «избегание» и «отрицание» (p < 0,001). По остальным шкалам опросника значимой динамики не было

Translation of Musaev, M. A., A. M. Surkova, Ya. Ya. Elchiev, and F. K. Alieva. 1966. A new species of coccidium of the genus \u3ci\u3eEimeria\u3c/i\u3e from the domestic duck, \u3ci\u3eAnas domestica\u3c/i\u3e [= Novyi vid koktsidii iz roda \u3ci\u3eEimeria\u3c/i\u3e ot domasnie utki, \u3ci\u3eAnas domestica\u3c/i\u3e. \u3ci\u3eIzvest. Akademie Nauk Azerbaid. SSR\u3c/i\u3e, Otdel. Ottisk, Baku, USSR 1966(3): 34-36

Translation number 17, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, October 13, 1969 (5 pages) Translation of Musaev, M. A., A. M. Surkova, Ya. Ya. Elchiev, and F. K. Alieva. 1966. A new species of coccidium of the genus Eimeria from the domestic duck, Anas domestica [= Novyi vid koktsidii iz roda Eimeria ot domasnie utki, Anas domestica. Izvest. Akademie Nauk Azerbaid. SSR, Otdel. Ottisk, Baku, USSR 1966(3): 34-36 Translation from Russian to English by Frederick K. Plous, Jr., and edited by Norman D. Levine (notated NDL:cml