IDENTIFIKASI BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH GAMBUT PADA KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI DESA RASAU JAYA II KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA

This study identifies the availability of macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg in peat soil and fertilizersuggestions in the management of smallholder oil palm plantations in Rasau Jaya II Village, KubuRaya Regency. This research method is a field survey, where soil samples are taken at depth of 0-30cm and analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed the chemical properties of the soil with thefollowing criteria: very acidic soil reaction (pH); N-total, phosphorus, C-organic, Cation ExchangeCapacity is very high; K-dd low to moderate; low to moderate Ca; Mg is moderate to high andBase Saturation is very low

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran PKn Melalui Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Kelas IV SD Inpres Koyoan

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu rendahnya perolehan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Inpres Koyoan Kecamatan Nambo dalam pembelajaran PKn khususnya pada materi Globalisasi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil belajar pada materi globalisasi yang dicapainya cukup rendah. Berdasarkan hal ini, maka pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu apakah dengan penggunaan pendekatan pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran PKn di kelas IV SD Inpres Koyoan Kecamatan Nambo?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran PKn melalui pendekatanan pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe STAD di kelas IV SD Inpres Koyoan Kecamatan Nambo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan subjek penelitian adalah guru dan seluruh siswa kelas IV SD Inpres Koyoan yang berjumlah 21 orang yang terdaftar pada tahun ajaran 2014/2014. Rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas ini mengacu pada model peneltian yang dikemukakan oleh Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart (dalam Basuki, 2003:17) yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu 1) perencanaan, 2) tindakan, 3) observasi dan 4) refleksi. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini dalam dua (tindakan) siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui hasil observasi guru dan kolaborator serta siswa. Pada hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukan adanya peningkatan bertahap secara siklus. Pada pelaksanaan siklus I, didapatkan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 52,38% dan daya serap klasikal sebesar 65,71% serta persentase nilai rata-rata 65. Pada siklus II, ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 90,47% serta daya serap kalsikal sebesar 91,17% serta persentase nilai rata-rata 91. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran PKn melalui pendekatan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV di SD Inpres Koyoan Kecamatan Nambo. Dengan demikian, hasil pelaksanaan tindakan sesuai dengan hipotesis tindakan

Temporal and spatial variation in Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in Swedish moose (Alces alces)

The occurrence ofAnaplasma phagocytophilumwas investigated in spleen and serum samplesfrom Swedish moose (Alces alces) in southern Sweden (island and mainland). Samples wereanalysed for presence ofA. phagocytophilumDNA by real-time PCR (n=263), and forAnaplasmaantibodies with ELISA serology (n=234). All serum samples had antibodies againstA. phagocytophilum. The mean DNA-based prevalence was 26·3%, and significant (

Direct and indirect transmission of four Salmonella enterica serotypes in pigs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Feed-borne spread of <it>Salmonella </it>spp. to pigs has been documented several times in recent years in Sweden. Experiences from the field suggest that feed-associated serotypes might be less transmittable and subsequently easier to eradicate from pig herds than other serotypes more commonly associated to pigs. Four <it>Salmonella </it>serotypes were selected for experimental studies in pigs in order to study transmissibility and compare possible differences between feed-assoociated (<it>S </it>Cubana and <it>S </it>Yoruba) and pig-associated serotypes (<it>S </it>Derby and <it>S </it>Typhimurium).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Direct contact transmission was studied in four groups of pigs formed by six 10-week-old salmonella negative pigs commingled with two fatteners excreting one of the four salmonella serotypes. Indirect transmission was studied by putting six 10-week-old salmonella negative pigs in each of four salmonella contaminated rooms. Each room had previously housed a group of pigs, excreting one of the four selected serotypes.</p> <p>All pigs were monitored for two weeks with respect to the faecal excretion of salmonella and the presence of serum antibodies. At the end of the trial, eight samples from inner tissues and organs were collected from each pig at necropsy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the four direct transmission groups, one pig shed <it>Salmonella </it>(Cubana) at one occasion. At necropsy, <it>S </it>Typhimurium was isolated from one pig.</p> <p>In the indirect transmission groups, two pigs in the Yoruba room and one pig in each of the other rooms were excreting detectable levels of <it>Salmonella </it>once during the study period of two weeks. At necropsy, <it>S </it>Derby was isolated from one of six pigs in the Derby room and <it>S </it>Typhimurium was isolated from four of the six pigs in the Typhimurium room.</p> <p>No significant serological response could be detected in any of the 48 pigs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results show that all four selected serotypes were able to be transmitted in at least one of these field-like trials, but the transmission rate was low in all groups and no obvious differences between feed-associated and pig-associated serotypes in the transmission to naïve pigs and their subsequent faecal shedding were revealed. However, the post mortem results indicated a higher detection of <it>S </it>Typhimurium in the ileocecal lymph nodes of pigs introduced into a contaminated environment in comparison with the other three serotypes.</p