Three and Two Colours Finite Density QCD at Strong Coupling: A New Look

Simulations in finite density, beta=0 lattice QCD by means of the Monomer-Dimer-Polymer algorithm show a signal of first order transition at finite temporal size. This behaviour agrees with predictions of the mean field approximation, but is difficult to reconcile with infinite mass analytical solution. The MDP simulations are considered in detail and severe convergence problems are found for the SU(3) gauge group, in a wide region of chemical potential. Simulations of SU(2) model show discrepancies with MDP results as well.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Rigorous arguments against current wisdoms in finite density QCD

QCD at finite chemical potential is analytically investigated in the region of large bare fermion masses. We show that, contrary to the general wisdom, the phase of the fermion determinant is irrelevant at zero temperature. However if the system is put at finite temperature, the contribution of the phase is finite. We also discuss on the quenched approximation and suggest that the origin of the failure of this approximation in finite density QCD could relay on the fundamental role that Pauli exclusion principle plays in this case.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

Phase transition(s) in finite density QCD

The Grand Canonical formalism is generally used in numerical simulations of finite density QCD since it allows free mobility in the chemical potential $\mu$. We show that special care has to be used in extracting numerical results to avoid dramatic rounding effects and spurious transition signals. If we analyze data correctly, with reasonable statistics, no signal of first order phase transition is present and results using the Glasgow prescription are practically coincident with the ones obtained using the modulus of the fermionic determinant.Comment: 6 pages, 5 ps figs. To appear in Proceedings of "QCD at Finite Baryon Density" workshop, Bielefeld, 27-30 April 199

Finite density QCD with heavy quarks

In the large fermion mass limit of QCD at finite density the structure of the partition function greatly simplifies and can be studied analytically. We show that, contrary to general wisdom, the phase of the Dirac determinant is relevant only at finite temperature and can be neglected for zero temperature fields.Comment: LATTICE98(hightemp), 3 pages, 3 figure

New Ideas in Finite Density QCD

We introduce a new approach to analyze the phase diagram of QCD at finite chemical potential and temperature, based on the definition of a generalized QCD action. Several details of the method will be discussed, with particular emphasis on the advantages respect to the imaginary chemical potential approach.Comment: Talk presented at Lattice2004 (non-zero), Fermilab, June 21-26, 2004; 3 pages, 2 figure

Disappointing model for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays

Data of Pierre Auger Observatory show a proton-dominated chemical composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays spectrum at (1 - 3) EeV and a steadily heavier composition with energy increasing. In order to explain this feature we assume that (1 - 3) EeV protons are extragalactic and derive their maximum acceleration energy, E_p^{max} \simeq 4 EeV, compatible with both the spectrum and the composition. We also assume the rigidity-dependent acceleration mechanism of heavier nuclei, E_A^{max} = Z x E_p^{max}. The proposed model has rather disappointing consequences: i) no pion photo-production on CMB photons in extragalactic space and hence ii) no high-energy cosmogenic neutrino fluxes; iii) no GZK-cutoff in the spectrum; iv) no correlation with nearby sources due to nuclei deflection in the galactic magnetic fields up to highest energies.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, the talk presented by A. Gazizov at NPA5 Conference, April 3-8, 2011, Eilat, Israe

Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: The disappointing model

We develop a model for explaining the data of Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), in particular, the mass composition being steadily heavier with increasing energy from 3 EeV to 35 EeV. The model is based on the proton-dominated composition in the energy range (1 - 3) EeV observed in both Auger and HiRes experiments. Assuming extragalactic origin of this component, we argue that it must disappear at higher energies due to a low maximum energy of acceleration, E_p^{\max} \sim (4 - 10) EeV. Under an assumption of rigidity acceleration mechanism, the maximum acceleration energy for a nucleus with the charge number Z is ZE_p^{\max}, and the highest energy in the spectrum, reached by Iron, does not exceed (100 - 200) EeV. The growth of atomic weight with energy, observed in Auger, is provided by the rigidity mechanism of acceleration, since at each energy E=ZE_p^{\max} the contribution of nuclei with Z' < Z vanishes. The described model has disappointing consequences for future observations in UHECR: Since average energies per nucleon for all nuclei are less than (2 - 4) EeV, (i) pion photo-production on CMB photons in extragalactic space is absent; (ii) GZK cutoff in the spectrum does not exist; (iii) cosmogenic neutrinos produced on CMBR are absent; (iv) fluxes of cosmogenic neutrinos produced on infrared - optical background radiation are too low for registration by existing detectors and projects. Due to nuclei deflection in galactic magnetic fields, the correlation with nearby sources is absent even at highest energies.Comment: Essentially revised version as published in Astropart. Physics 10 pages, 6 figure

Strongly Coupled QCD at Finite Baryon Density

The analytical results obtained in the infinite mass and strong coupling limits of QCD are difficult to reconcile with the predictions of the Monomer Dimer Polymer algorithm. We have reconsidered in detail the results obtained with this simulation scheme and evidences of severe convergence problems are presented for the SU(3) and SU(2) gauge group.Comment: LATTICE99(Finite Temperature and Density), 3 pages, 3 postscript figure