96 research outputs found
Π¦ΠΠ€Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ€Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π₯ Π£Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ¬Π’ΠΠ Π Π, Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ Π£ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ― Π Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ
In article the new original way of digital differentiation of the signals, intended for use in real time is offered and investigated. The way is based on application of the integrated equations of Volterra I of a sort. Some results of pilot studies illustrating its working capacity and suitability for use in systems of automatic control of real time are given.Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Β IΒ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Peculiarities of the Regulatory Status of Radiopharmaceuticals Manufactured in Medical Organisations
Radiopharmaceuticals, the medicinal products containing radioactive isotopes, hold a special place among the other medicines. The aim of the study was to analyse regulatory peculiarities of the production and subsequent life cycle of radiopharmaceuticals, associated with the unique physicochemical properties, production process, distribution, and clinical use. The article reviews regulatory decisions adopted in Russia and a number of other countries that, in certain circumstances, allow medical organisations not licensed as manufacturers to compound radiopharmaceuticals for in-house use without marketing authorisation. Unstable isotopes in radiopharmaceuticals reduce the risk of microbial contamination, so the quality control requirements may be relaxed. The described regulatory framework, which came into effect 12 years ago, provided an opportunity for a many-fold increase in the number of radiopharmaceuticals for radionuclide diagnosis and treatment of severe socially significant diseases. In recent years, a number of countries have adopted regulations making it possible to Β supply the Β radiopharmaceuticals manufactured by medical organisations outside the usual marketing authorisation track to other medical organisations. If adopted in Russia, a similar regulation will further expand the access to effective methods of diagnosis and treatment for patients
Potential of Theranostics in Visualisation of the Tumour Microenvironment and Elimination of Its Immunosuppressive Components
Theranostics is a promising branch of nuclear medicine that uses radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and immunotheranostics is a special area in it. The aim of the study was to summarise the potential of theranostics for visualisation of the tumour microenvironment and elimination of its immunosuppressive components. The article presents up-to-date information on the composition and interaction of various cell subpopulations in the tumour microenvironment, as well as on the role of cancer stem cells in its formation. It describes defects of signalling pathways and potential targets for theranostics of cancer stem cells. Also, the article provides a description of the mechanism of interaction between the tumour and the immune system in the process of carcinogenesis. The review offers a detailed analysis of approaches to assessing the type of tumour microenvironment in order to individualise treatment and develop a rational design of clinical studies of theranostic couples. The authors present their own data on the distribution of subpopulations of lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with metastatic tumours. The authors have considered the nuances of creating and using various molecules for targeted delivery in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The most promising diagnostic and therapeutic isotopes are described from the point of view of assessing the microenvironment and the possibility of influencing it. The article highlights modern and promising methods of pre-targeting to reduce the toxicity and increase the effectiveness of theranostics. Furthermore, having compared the advantages and disadvantages of theranostics with those of other systemic treatment options for metastatic tumours, the authors outline possible ways to overcome the shortcomings of theranostics
Buoyancy-driven flow inside an asymmetrically heated cavity
Buoyancy-driven flows inside enclosures are in the center of problems related to heat transfer because they can provide a significant insight into the physical mechanisms of heat transfer. Typical examples of such flows include RayleighβBΓ©nard convection, differentially heated cavities and partially divided enclosures. In the present study, the buoyancy-driven flow inside an asymmetrically heated closed cavity is investigated and proposed as a benchmark case for future studies to assess the accuracy of simulations and to help in the validation of coarsened turbulence models. Additionally, from an application perspective such a configuration is highly relevant, e.g., in view of its similarity with passive solar systems such as ventilated building facades (Puangsombuta et al, J Fluid Mech 42(6):2218β2226, 2007, [1]) and Trombe walls (Zamora and Kaiser, Heat Mass Transf 45(11):1393β1407, 2009, [2]).</p
ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ².ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ². ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ.Studies have been conducted on the fault of
obturator devises (fault of scanning), which
has been preconditioned by configuration
changes of measuring optical channel. The
channel has been connected with obturator,
which constantly is changing the position of
the opening. The opening passing the optical
informative parameter.The sources of the fault and the influence have been of the forms of signals detected. Certain recommendation on decrease of the scan fault has been provided.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°,
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
Radiopharmaceuticals, the medicinal products containing radioactive isotopes, hold a special place among the other medicines. The aim of the study was to analyse regulatory peculiarities of the production and subsequent life cycle of radiopharmaceuticals, associated with the unique physicochemical properties, production process, distribution, and clinical use. The article reviews regulatory decisions adopted in Russia and a number of other countries that, in certain circumstances, allow medical organisations not licensed as manufacturers to compound radiopharmaceuticals for in-house use without marketing authorisation. Unstable isotopes in radiopharmaceuticals reduce the risk of microbial contamination, so the quality control requirements may be relaxed. The described regulatory framework, which came into effect 12 years ago, provided an opportunity for a many-fold increase in the number of radiopharmaceuticals for radionuclide diagnosis and treatment of severe socially significant diseases. In recent years, a number of countries have adopted regulations making it possible to Β supply the Β radiopharmaceuticals manufactured by medical organisations outside the usual marketing authorisation track to other medical organisations. If adopted in Russia, a similar regulation will further expand the access to effective methods of diagnosis and treatment for patients.ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡ Β β ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ (Π Π€ΠΠ). Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Β β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π€ΠΠ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ², ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π Π€ΠΠ Π±Π΅Π· Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
12 Π»Π΅Ρ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π Π€ΠΠ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π Π€ΠΠ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π· Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π² Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
Theranostics is a promising branch of nuclear medicine that uses radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and immunotheranostics is a special area in it. The aim of the study was to summarise the potential of theranostics for visualisation of the tumour microenvironment and elimination of its immunosuppressive components. The article presents up-to-date information on the composition and interaction of various cell subpopulations in the tumour microenvironment, as well as on the role of cancer stem cells in its formation. It describes defects of signalling pathways and potential targets for theranostics of cancer stem cells. Also, the article provides a description of the mechanism of interaction between the tumour and the immune system in the process of carcinogenesis. The review offers a detailed analysis of approaches to assessing the type of tumour microenvironment in order to individualise treatment and develop a rational design of clinical studies of theranostic couples. The authors present their own data on the distribution of subpopulations of lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with metastatic tumours. The authors have considered the nuances of creating and using various molecules for targeted delivery in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The most promising diagnostic and therapeutic isotopes are described from the point of view of assessing the microenvironment and the possibility of influencing it. The article highlights modern and promising methods of pre-targeting to reduce the toxicity and increase the effectiveness of theranostics. Furthermore, having compared the advantages and disadvantages of theranostics with those of other systemic treatment options for metastatic tumours, the authors outline possible ways to overcome the shortcomings of theranostics.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° β ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ β ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Π£Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΒΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ
Productivity is one of the important performance indicators of transport and transport-technological vehicles. The authors confirmed the necessity to unify this indicator calculations for an extensive range of agricultural goods and extensive works on their movement. (Research purpose) To develop universal interconnected stages of detecting the operational productivity of transport and transport-technological vehicles when performing mechanized work in crop production. (Materials and methods) The values of operational performance were determined based on the analysis of norm-forming factors and statistical processing. A systematic approach was used to identifying individual elements of the cargo transportation cycle. The authors studied each of the methodological approaches and the mathematical tools used to calculate the performance indicators of various technical devices. (Results and discussion) After a step-by-step modeling of transport and transport-technological processes, a unified formula of the target function (optimality criterion) was obtained. Having implemented a more convenient calculation algorithm and having transformed the mathematical apparatus, the authors obtained the vehicle production rates for the transportation of mineral fertilizers to the place of their application. (Conclusions) The authors implemented a detailed mathematical description of the transport and transport-technological process stages. They identified the functional relationships between operational parameters and production and agrolandscape conditions.Β A universal algorithm was developed making it possible to determine the values of the operational performance for transport and transport-technological vehicles. The authors determined the values of the coefficient enabling the unification and comparison of the algorithm for identifying the production rates for transport and transport-technological work. It was found out that with an increase in the length of transportation from 3 to 54 kilometers, this coefficient increases 3.8 times. This variation was explained by an increase in the purely transport phase of the process.ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. (Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅. (ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ·ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². (Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ). Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. (ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ². ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ 3 Π΄ΠΎ 54 ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ 3,8 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.
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