Colour Sensor White Balance Influence on White-Light Interferometer Resolution

Impact of a sensor color balance on white-light fullfieldoptical coherence tomography (FF-OCT)resolution is investigated in the paper. Full width athalf magnitude (FWHM) of a coherence pulse wascalculated for various white balance (WB) settings.Simulated dependence of FWHM on WB of asensor and experimental data are shown in thepaper. The minimum interference pulse width canbe achieved by the proper color balance coefficientschoice. And in this case the pulse is narrower thaneither one registered by colour image sensor withWB based on light source emission spectrum or bymonochrome image sensor

Durability increase of mining dump trucks through the use of protective coatings of the body

The share of trucking in the total cost of open-cast mining is 50% or more. Therefore, reducing transportation costs is one of the tasks of increasing the technical and economic indicators of an open development method, which is an urgent task. Performance dump truck is estimated either by the volume of transported rock mass (in cubic meter or tons), or the value of cargo turnover (ton-kilometers). However, these indicators do not take into account the percentage of adhering rock that is transported uselessly and reduces productivity. The paper proposes methods for protecting the body of a mining dump truck from clay rocks adhering. Detail the method of protection with the help of vibration using metal structure is considered. A mathematical model of the stress-strain state of a two-layer beam is proposed. The dependence of the stress in the body on the stiffness of the elastic supports and impact energy when using a rubber lining is shown. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved

Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Affects Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Extracellular Oxidized Cell-Free DNA: A Possible Mediator of Bystander Effect and Adaptive Response

We have hypothesized that the adaptive response to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is mediated by oxidized cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments. Here, we summarize our experimental evidence for this model. Studies involving measurements of ROS, expression of the NOX (superoxide radical production), induction of apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks, antiapoptotic gene expression and cell cycle inhibition confirm this hypothesis. We have demonstrated that treatment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with low doses of IR (10 cGy) leads to cell death of part of cell population and release of oxidized cfDNA. cfDNA has the ability to penetrate into the cytoplasm of other cells. Oxidized cfDNA, like low doses of IR, induces oxidative stress, ROS production, ROS-induced oxidative modifications of nuclear DNA, DNA breaks, arrest of the cell cycle, activation of DNA reparation and antioxidant response, and inhibition of apoptosis. The MSCs pretreated with low dose of irradiation or oxidized cfDNA were equally effective in induction of adaptive response to challenge further dose of radiation. Our studies suggest that oxidized cfDNA is a signaling molecule in the stress signaling that mediates radiation-induced bystander effects and that it is an important component of the development of radioadaptive responses to low doses of IR

Изменения периферической нервной системы у участников ликвидации последствий аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС и жителей северного промышленного узла г. Томска

A clinical, electroneuromyographic (ENMG) and pathomorphological investigation of 19 eliminators of accident consequences (EAC) in Chernobyl APP in 1986 and 27 Tomsk region inhabitants living in the accident area that has taken place at radiochemical plant of Siberian Chemical Complex in 1993 has been made with the aim of the influence study of low ionizing radiation levels on the peripheral nervous system. Symptoms of sensory polyneuropathy prevailed in both groups clinically. Mixed affection type has been found at EAC by ENGM method, affection of myelinic nerve fibre membrane has been found at people living in accident trace area. Morphofunctional changes in skin allow considering the role of immune system in mechanisms of neuroglial and neuronal damages, distant by time.С целью изучения последствий воздействия малых уровней ионизирующего излучения на периферическую нервную систему проведено клиническое, электронейромиографическое (ЭНМГ) и патоморфологическое обследование 19 ликвидаторов последствий аварии (ЛПА) на Чернобыльской АЭС в 1986 г. и 27 жителей Томского района, проживающих в зоне аварии, произошедшей на радиохимическом заводе Сибирского химического комбината в 1993 г. Клинически в обеих группах преобладали симптомы сенсорной полиневропатии. ЭНМГ-методом у ЛПА выявлен смешанный тип поражения, у проживающих в зоне аварийного следа обнаружено поражение миелиновых оболочек нервного волокна. Морфофункциональные изменения в коже позволяют рассматривать роль иммунной системы в механизмах отдаленных во времени глиальных и нейрональных повреждений

Peculiarities of blood supply of inferior angle of scapula from the system of thoracodorsal angiosom

At the current stage of development of the reconstructive-plastic surgery, to remove combined soft-tissue—bone defects, a combined thoracodorsal flap is used most often. This flap includes, as a bone fragment, the lateral edge of scapula, which is supplied with blood by the arterial branch surrounding the scapula. However, our investigations of the blood supply of thoracodorsal flap from the system of thoracodorsal angiosom indicate that the inferior angle of scapula is supplied directly from the system of thoracodorsal artery. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that the inferior angle of scapula is supplied by the branch of the thoracodorsal artery, which has a length of (54.0 ± 11.8) mm and a diameter of (1.3 ± 0.3) mm and can be included in the combined thoracodorsal flap

Effects of Different Optical Properties of Head Tissues on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using Monte Carlo Simulations

In near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), it is crucial to have an accurate and realistic model of photon transport in the adult head for obtaining accurate brain oxygenation values. There are several studies on the influence of thickness, the morphology of extracerebral layers, and source-detector distance on the sensitivity of NIRS to the brain. However, the optical properties of the different layers vary between different publications. How is the performance of NIRS affected when the real optical properties differ from the assumed ones?We aim to investigate the influence of variation in scattering and absorption in a five-layered head model (scalp, skull, CSF, grey and white matter). We performed Monte Carlo simulations focusing on a five-layered slab mesh. The range of optical properties is based on a review of the published literature. We assessed the effect on light propagation by measuring the difference in the mean partial path lengths, attenuation, and the number of the detected photons between the different optical properties performing Monte Carlo simulations. For changes in the reduced scattering, we found that the upper layers tend to have a negative impact. In contrast, changes in lower layers tend to impact the brain's influence metrics positively. Furthermore, for small source-detector distances, the relative percentage difference between lower and higher values is greater than larger distances. Conclusions: We conclude that the assumption of different optical properties has a substantial effect on the sensitivity to the brain. This means that it is important to determine the correct optical properties for NIRS measurements in vitro and in vivo

Dual mode diffraction phase microscopy for quantitative functional assessment of biological cells

Abstract A diffraction phase microscopy approach with a combined use of transmission and reflection imaging modes has been developed and applied for non-invasive quantitative assessment of the refractive index of red blood cells (RBCs). We present the theoretical background of signal formation for both imaging modes, accompanied by the results of experimental studies. We demonstrate that simultaneous use of the two modes has great potential for accurate assessment of the refractive index of biological cells, and we perform a reconstruction of spatial distribution of the refractive index of RBC in 3D