Diferenças na infestação de Aphis gossypii em plantas de algodoeiro cultivar 'IAC-RM3' tratadas com reguladores de crescimento

We have studied the effect of application of growth regulators, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC), N,N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (SADH), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. 'IAC-RM3', in relation to atack of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1876, under greenhouse conditions. Two determinations of infestation levels of the aphids showed differences in degree of infestation among treatments. CCC treated plants showed increasing in aphid colonization in relation to GA3 at 100 ppm treated plants. The application of SADH at 4000 ppm also showed a tendency of increasing aphid colonization in relation to treated plants with GA3 at 100 ppm. Probably growth retardants promote differences in the water status of hostplant; and the aphids preferences to that plants suggest that the increase in the osmotic potential promotes better rates of aphid feeding than GA3 treated plants. In treated plants with GA3 at 100 ppm the infestation decreased, there was water stress during the warmer time of the day and a probable decreasing in the osmotic potential.Estudou-se a influência da aplicação de reguladores de crescimento (CCC, SADH, GA3 e IAA) em algodoeiro, Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. 'IAC-RM3', na infestação de Aphis gossypii Glover, 1876; em condições de casa de vegetação. A realização de duas determinações no nível de infestação dos afídios, evidenciou que plantas tratadas com CCC mostram níveis superiores de infestação com relação às tratadas com GA3 a 100 ppm; sendo que a aplicação de SADH a 4000 ppm também promoveu uma tendência de maior infestação com relação ao GA3 a 100 ppm. Estes resultados parecem revelar que os retardadores de crescimento promovem um equilíbrio hídrico interno nas plantas mais favorável, mantendo o potencial osmótico mais elevado e possibilitando uma melhor alimentação do afídio. Plantas tratadas com GAg a 100 ppm parecem sofrer maiores déficits hídricos, não favorecendo o estabelecimento das colônias, nas condições estudadas

Pediatric colloid cysts: a multinational, multicenter study. An IFNE-ISPN-ESPN collaboration

OBJECTIVE Colloid cysts (CCs) are rare at all ages, and particularly among children. The current literature on pediatric CC is limited, and often included in mixed adult/pediatric series. The goal of this multinational, multicenter study was to combine forces among centers and investigate the clinical course of pediatric CCs. METHODS A multinational, multicenter retrospective study was performed to attain a large sample size, focusing on CC diagnosis in patients younger than 18 years of age. Collected data included clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS One hundred thirty-four children with CCs were included. Patient age at diagnosis ranged from 2.4 to 18 years (mean 12.8 ± 3.4 years, median 13.2 years, interquartile range 10.3–15.4 years; 22% were \u3c 10 years of age). Twenty-two cases (16%) were diagnosed incidentally, including 48% of those younger than 10 years of age. Most of the other patients had symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. The average follow-up duration for the entire group was 49.5 ± 45.8 months. Fifty-nine patients were initially followed, of whom 28 were eventually operated on at a mean of 19 ± 32 months later due to cyst growth, increasing hydrocephalus, and/or new symptoms. There was a clear correlation between larger cysts and symptomatology, acuteness of symptoms, hydrocephalus, and need for surgery. Older age was also associated with the need for surgery. One hundred three children (77%) underwent cyst resection, 60% using a purely endoscopic approach. There was 1 death related to acute hydrocephalus at presentation. Ten percent of operated patients had some form of complication, and 7.7% of operated cases required a shunt at some point during follow-up. Functional outcome was good; however, the need for immediate surgery was associated with educational limitations. Twenty operated cases (20%) experienced a recurrence of their CC at a mean of 38 ± 46 months after the primary surgery. The CC recurrence rate was 24% following endoscopic resection and 15% following open resections (p = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS CCs may present in all pediatric age groups, although most that are symptomatic present after the age of 10 years. Incidentally discovered cysts should be closely followed, as many may grow, leading to hydrocephalus and other new symptoms. Presentation of CC may be acute and may cause life-threatening conditions related to hydrocephalus, necessitating urgent treatment. The outcome of treated children with CCs is favorable

Reactions of 6-arylmethylene-thiazolo[3,2-a]¬-pyrimidine-3,S,7(2H)-triones

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 3(2), 83-90 (1989)