Resiliencia Empresarial: análisis empírico de aguas de Cartagena S.A. E.S.P.

The article describes the results of the ad hoc resilience exercise carried out by Acuacar in the face of Covid-19. The investigation, on the one hand, answers the central question regarding the recovery capacity of the operations suspended as a result of the health emergency. The methodological design for this is supported by the Design Thinking technique, which enabled 112 proposals for improvement. On the other hand, the hypothesis that creativity, digital integration, teamwork and the analysis of information improve resilience was contrasted. It is therefore concluded that resilience management implies the holistic involvement of both its routines and actions and its collaborators. In summary, the thesis is corroborated that resilience management needs the comprehensive and conscious involvement of both its processes and employees, as opposed to only the implementation of anthropomorphized actions as well as creativity, collection, analysis and evaluation of information and teamwork.El articulo describe los resultados del ejercicio ad hoc de resiliencia realizado por Acuacar de cara al Covid-19. La investigación por una parte responde la pregunta central en torno a la capacidad de recuperación de las operaciones suspendidas a raíz de la emergencia sanitaria. El diseño metodológico para esto está soportado en la técnica de Design Thinking lo que posibilitó 112 propuestas de mejora. Por otra parte, se contrastó la hipotesis de que la creatividad, la integración digital, el trabajo en equipo y el análisis de la información mejoran la resiliencia. Se concluye entonces que la gestión de resiliencia implica el involucramiento holístico tanto de sus rutinas y acciones como de sus colaboradores. En síntesis, se corrobora la tesis sobre que la gestión de resiliencia necesita el implicamiento integral y consciente tanto de sus procesos como de los empleados a diferencia de solo la implementación de acciones antropomorfizadas así como también se requiere de creatividad, recaudo, análisis y evaluación de la información y trabajo en equipo

2-kW Average Power CW Phase-Conjugate Solid-State Laser

We have demonstrated stable operation of a 2-kW Yb:YAG phase-conjugate master oscillator power amplifier (PC-MOPA) laser system with a loop phase-conjugate mirror (LPCM). This is the first demonstration of a continuous wave (CW)-input LPCM MOPA operating at a power greater than 1 kW with a nearly diffraction-limited output beam. The single-pass beam quality incident on the LPCM varied with the specific operating conditions, but it was typically ${sim}20$ times diffraction-limited (XDL). The measured beam quality with an MOPA output power of 1.65 kW was 1.3 XDL

A Master-Oscillator-Power-Amplifier 2-micron Laser Using Fiber Phase-conjugate Mirror

For the first time, a 2-micron master-oscillator-power-amplifier laser using a fiber based phase conjugation mirror has been demonstrated. The beam quality improvement and 56% of the PCM reflectivity have been achieved

Retos y perspectivas del desarrollo potencial de las exportaciones pesqueras en el Lejano Oriente

De acuerdo con los objetivos del proyecto federal "Exportación de productos agroindustriales", el Distrito Federal del Lejano Oriente (FEFD) debería aumentar la exportación de recursos biológicos acuáticos (ABR), incluido el pescado, a USD 1338 millones para 2024. El pescado y los productos pesqueros son entre las tres principales exportaciones agrícolas de Rusia (junto con los cereales y las semillas oleaginosas). El Lejano Oriente es la principal región de la Federación de Rusia para la captura de peces y otros ABR. El artículo trata de los indicadores de producción y exportación de ABR de la industria pesquera del FEFD, que incluye también el Territorio de Kamchatka, el Territorio de Primorsky y la región de Sakhalin. Los autores consideran problemas que dificultan su eficaz desarrollo y analizan orientaciones y medidas para solucionar los problemas existentes. Los principales factores negativos están asociados a las deficiencias de infraestructura, como el deterioro físico y moral de la flota pesquera, la falta de modernas instalaciones de procesamiento, que no permiten producir productos pesqueros con alto valor agregado en la cantidad adecuada. Para desarrollar el sector industrial en cuestión y resolver los problemas que limitan el crecimiento de la capacidad de producción y exportación en las entidades de la FEFD, el gobierno ruso ha desarrollado programas especiales para promover la actividad inversora, la construcción de la flota pesquera y las instalaciones de infraestructura necesarias, y la modernización de las instalaciones existente

Sustainable condition of the agricultural sector’s environmental, economic, and social components from the perspective of open innovation

The aim of the study is to elaborate an econometric model to determine the conditions for ensuring the balanced development of environmental, economic, and social components of the Russian agricultural sector within the Eastern European region. The method of fuzzy sets was used to build an integral model for assessing the level of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in Eastern Europe on the basis of economic, environmental, and social sustainability indicators. The control indicators (independent variables) and integral economic, environmental, social sustainability (dependent variables) helped build multifactor linear regression models and calculate the indicators of elasticity of dependent variables from independent variables, which characterize the change in sustainable development indicators with the growth of controlling factors by 1%. This model allows us to define and analyze the levels of sustainable development of the industry, both in a specific country and within the region in general. The study shows that, for Russia and Eastern European countries, innovation is one of the crucial factors in ensuring sustainable development of agriculture in the region, taking into account the current state and level of economic development. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Avaliação dos estádios de maturação e qualidade pós-colheita de Goiabas ‘Tailandesa vermelha’

In guavas, the ripening process happens fast after the harvest, which causes quick changes on the colour, texture, among other characteristics, making them have a short conservation period, which makes their trade impossible for certain locations. For a correct post-harvest quality maintenance, the harvest needs to be done at proper stages of maturity. The early harvest stops the fruit from fully developing, not acquiring the desired qualities, while with a late harvest, the fruit presents a fast quality loss, thus decreasing its life span. Considering what has been presented, this paper aimed to assess the maturity of guavas through conventional techniques and through Biospeckle, which is a low-cost, simple to implement technique, consisting of lighting a biological material in order to acquiring images to be processed, obtaining from them information about biological activity of the analysed material. Thai red guavas were used, harvested at four stages of maturity, and epidermis colour, respiratory rate, and physicochemical assessments were performed. The sugar levels (ºBrix), respiratory rate, TSS/TTA ratio (total soluble solids/total titratable acidity), and darkening index increased as the stages of maturity advanced, while the total titratable acidity decreased. The analyses performed with Biospeckle did not present significant differences among the treatments.      Em goiabas, o processo de amadurecimento ocorre de forma acelerada após a colheita, o que gera mudanças rápidas na cor, textura entre otras características, fazendo com que ases mesmas apresentem um período curto de conservação, o que inviabiliza a sua comercialização para determinadas localidades. Para uma manutenção correta da qualidade pós colheita é necessário que a colheita seja feita em estádios adequados de maturação. A colheita precoce impede que o fruto se desenvolva por completo, não adquirindo as características desejadas, enquanto que na colheita tardia, o fruto apresentará uma rápida perda de qualidade, diminuindo assim o seu tempo de vida. Diante do apresentado, o presente trabalho visou avaliar a maturidade da goiaba através de técnicas convencionais e por meio do Biospeckle, que se apresenta como uma técnica de baixo custo e de fácil execução, consistindo na iluminação de um material biológico para obtenção de imagens a serem processadas, obtendo-se a partir das mesmas informações sobre a atividade biológica do material em análise. Foram utilizados frutos de goiabas da variedade vermelha da Tailândia, colhidos em quatro estádios de maturação e realizadas avaliações físico-químicas, de taxa respiratória e de cor da epiderme. Os valores de açúcares (ºBrix), taxa respiratória, relação SST/ATT (sólidos solúveis totais/acidez total titulável) e índice de escurecimento aumentaram conforme avançava os estádios de maturação, enquanto a acidez total titulável diminuiu. As análises realizadas com Biospeckle não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos

Enhanced insulin receptor, but not PI3K, signalling protects podocytes from ER stress

Abstract Disruption of the insulin-PI3K-Akt signalling pathway in kidney podocytes causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to podocyte apoptosis and proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesised that by improving insulin sensitivity we could protect podocytes from ER stress. Here we use established activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)- and ER stress element (ERSE)-luciferase assays alongside a novel high throughput imaging-based C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) assay to examine three models of improved insulin sensitivity. We find that by improving insulin sensitivity at the level of the insulin receptor (IR), either by IR over-expression or by knocking down the negative regulator of IR activity, protein tyrosine-phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), podocytes are protected from ER stress caused by fatty acids or diabetic media containing high glucose, high insulin and inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6. However, contrary to this, knockdown of the negative regulator of PI3K-Akt signalling, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), sensitizes podocytes to ER stress and apoptosis, despite increasing Akt phosphorylation. This indicates that protection from ER stress is conferred through not just the PI3K-Akt pathway, and indeed we find that inhibiting the MEK/ERK signalling pathway rescues PTEN knockdown podocytes from ER stress

Caspase cleavage of the Golgi stacking factor GRASP65 is required for Fas/CD95-mediated apoptosis

GRASP65 (Golgi reassembly and stacking protein of 65 KDa) is a cis-Golgi protein with roles in Golgi structure, membrane trafficking and cell signalling. It is cleaved by caspase-3 early in apoptosis, promoting Golgi fragmentation. We now show that cleavage is needed for Fas-mediated apoptosis: expression of caspase-resistant GRASP65 protects cells, whereas expression of membrane proximal caspase-cleaved GRASP65 fragments dramatically sensitises cells. GRASP65 coordinates passage through the Golgi apparatus of proteins containing C-terminal hydrophobic motifs, via its tandem PDZ type ‘GRASP' domains. Fas/CD95 contains a C-terminal leucine–valine pairing so its trafficking might be coordinated by GRASP65. Mutagenesis of the Fas/CD95 LV motif reduces the number of cells with Golgi-associated Fas/CD95, and generates a receptor that is more effective at inducing apoptosis; however, siRNA-mediated silencing or expression of mutant GRASP65 constructs do not alter the steady state distribution of Fas/CD95. We also find no evidence for a GRASP65–Fas/CD95 interaction at the molecular level. Instead, we find that the C-terminal fragments of GRASP65 produced following caspase cleavage are targeted to mitochondria, and ectopic expression of these sensitises HeLa cells to Fas ligand. Our data suggest that GRASP65 cleavage promotes Fas/CD95-mediated apoptosis via release of C-terminal fragments that act at the mitochondria, and we identify Bcl-XL as a candidate apoptotic binding partner for GRASP65

Baculovirus Infection Triggers a Shift from Amino Acid Starvation-Induced Autophagy to Apoptosis

Autophagy plays a central role in regulating important cellular functions such as cell survival during starvation and control of infectious pathogens. On the other hand, many pathogens have evolved mechanisms of inhibition of autophagy such as blockage of the formation of autophagosomes or the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Baculoviruses are important insect pathogens for pest control, and autophagy activity increases significantly during insect metamorphosis. However, it is not clear whether baculovirus infection has effects on the increased autophagy. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) infection on autophagy in SL-HP cell line from Spodoptera litura induced under amino acid deprivation. The results revealed that AcMNPV infection did not inhibit autophagy but triggered apoptosis under starvation pressure. In the early stage of infection under starvation, mitochondrial dysfunction was detected, suggesting the organelles might be involved in cell apoptosis. The semi-quantitative PCR assay revealed that the expression of both p35 and ie-1 genes of AcMNPV had no significant difference between the starved and unstarved SL-HP cells. The western blot analysis showed that no cleavage of endogenous Atg6 occurred during the process of apoptosis in SL-HP cells. These data demonstrated that some permissive insect cells may defend baculovirus infection via apoptosis under starvation and apoptosis is independent of the cleavage of Atg6 in SL-HP cells