A study of the manuscript Lawāmi‘ al-anwār al-qulūb, by Shaydhala (12th century): author, methodology and investigation strategies

هذه الدراسة تركز على تحليل مخطوطة "لوامع أنوار القلوب فى جوامع أسرار المحب والمحبوب" للفقيه الشافعي أبو المعالى عزيزي بن عبد الملك بن منصور الجيلي، المعروف بشَيذَلَة (القرن الثانى عشر الميلادى). هذه المخطوطة غير المنشورة والتى تتكون من عشرة فصول يجب تصنيفها فى الأدب العربى فى العصور الوسطى ضمن كتب الصوفية,فبعد دراسة البنية الداخلية للمخطوطة ,والترجمة للمؤلف وظروف حياته والتعرف على أسلوبه؛ تبيَّن أنَّ هذا العمل يركز بشكل أساسي على اللغة والمصطلحات والموضوعات والعناصر والسمات الممي زة لهذا النوع من الجنس الأدبى القاصد لوصف الحب الإلهي ,ومن بين هذه المسائل وغيرها؛ نستنتج أ ن هذه المخطوطة تُش كل حلقةً أخرى فى سلسلة كتب الأدب الصوفي الذى يقود إلى معانى الرقة المفرطة ,والمتعة,والمؤانسة,والنورانية ,والتقارب بين المرء وخالقه.Este estudio se centra en el análisis del manuscrito Lawāmi‘ al-anwār al-qulūb fī ŷawāmi‘ asrār al-muḥibb wa-l-maḥbūb (El brillo de las luces de los corazones en en el conjunto de los secretos del amante y el amado), del jurista šafi‘ī Abū l-Ma‘ālī ‘Azīzī b. ‘Abd al-Malik b. Manṣūr al-Ŷīlī, conocido como Šaydala (s. XII). Se trata de una obra inédita, de diez capítulos, que debe ser clasificada entre los libros de sufismo de la literatu-ra árabe medieval. Tras estudiar la estructura interna del manuscrito, al autor y su contexto, este trabajo se centra principalmente en el lenguaje, la terminología, los temas y los ele-mentos característicos de este tipo de género literario destinado a describir el amor divino. Entre otras cuestiones, se llega a la conclusión de que este manuscrito constituye un esla-bón más de la serie de libros de literatura sufí que apuntan al refinamiento, disfrute, socia-bilidad, iluminación y convergencia entre el hombre y su creador.This study analyzes the manuscript Lawāmi‘ al-anwār al-qulūb fī jawāmi‘ asrār al-muḥibb wa-l-maḥbūb (The brilliance of the lights of hearts in the series of secrets known by the lover and the beloved), by the jurist shafi‘ī Abū l-Ma‘ālī ‘Azīzī b. ‘Abd al-Malik b. Manṣūr al-Jīlī, known as Shaydhala (12th century). The manuscript is of an un-published work of ten chapters that must be classified alongside the Sufism books of me-dieval Arabic literature. After studying the work's internal structure, author and context, attention is given to the language, terminology, themes and the elements characteristic of this literary genre, the purpose of which was to describe divine love. Among other ques-tions, the paper reaches the conclusion that this manuscript represents yet another link in the series of books in Sufi literature that point to the refinement, enjoyment, sociability, enlightenment and convergence between man and his creator

Motor Output Variability Impairs Driving Ability in Older Adults: Reply to Stinchcombe, Dickerson, Weaver, and Bedard

Driving is a complex skill, as indicated by Stinchcombe and colleagues in their letter. It requires the integration of sensory inputs, cognitive processing, and motor execution. Although our title is broad, we clearly indicate that our findings only address a single component of driving, namely reactive driving. We also indicate that these findings are based on a simulated task and recommend that future studies should examine the contribution of motor output variability to on-road driving performance (see Considerations in the Discussion section). Thus, we share the consideration of Stinchcombe and colleagues that the current results only address a small portion of the driving complexity

Keanekaragaman Fitoplankton Sungai Ciliwung Pasca Kegiatan Bersih Ciliwung

- Sungai Ciliwung merupakan salah satu sungai yang tercemar karena banyak dimanfaatkan oleh warga Jakarta diantaranya untuk kegiatan industri dan rumah tangga. Salah satu parameter biologi yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator Perubahan lingkungan yaitu Fitoplankton. Peran fitoplankton dalam ekosistem perairan yaitu sebagai produsen primer, hal ini karena fitoplankton memiliki kemampuan untuk fotosintesis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Juli 2016. Kegiatan Bersih Ciliwung dilaksanakan dari Rindam Jaya, Condet menuju Bidara Cina. Pasca kegiatan bersih ciliwung nilai oksigen terlarut (DO) dari hulu Rindam Jaya (Condet) menuju hilir hingga Bidara Cina mengalami penurunan, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman fitoplankton. Perbedaan ini diduga memberikan gambaran keragaman komunitas fitoplankton yang berbeda sehingga dilakukan pengambilan sampel fitoplankton di kedua titik tersebut masing-masing dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Metode pengambilan sampel fitoplankton yang digunakan yaitu metode sampling Horizontal dan sampel diidentifikasi menggunakan Sedgewick Rafter Cell Counting (SRCC). Berdasarkan penelitian, total kelimpahan di Rindam Jaya lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Bidara Cina dengan angka berturut-turut 2511 Ind/L dan 1495 Ind/L. Hasil identifikasi fitoplankton yang ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian sebanyak 53 genus yang termasuk ke dalam 5 divisi yaitu, Bacillariophyta (20), Chlorophyta (16), Chrysophyta (5), Cyanophyta (8), dan Rhodophyta (4). Kelimpahan fitoplankton pada stasiun Rindam jaya lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Bidara Cina. Kata Kunci - Fitoplankton, Sungai Ciliwung, BioIndikato

Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Rose Bengal-Triton X-100 by Photogalvanic Cell

Photogalvanic cells are photoelectrochemical devices involving ions as mobile charges moving in solution through diffusion process. These cells are capable of solar power generation at low cost with inherent storage capacity. This property of photogalvanic cell needs to be exploited as this technology is cleaner and promising for application in daily life. In our work, Rose Bengal is used as photosensitizer with oxalic acid as reductant and triton as surfactant for photoelectrochemical conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. The photopotential and photocurrent generated were 289.0 mV and 29.1 µA, respectively. The maximum power of the cell was 8.409 µW. The observed conversion efficiency was 0.023 % and fill factor was determined as 0.293 against the maximum theoretical value 1.0. The photogalvanic cell can work for 45.0 min in dark after irradiation for 21.0 min, i.e. the storage capacity of the photogalvanic cell is 45 min. The effect of different parameters on electrical output of the cell was studied and a mechanism has also been proposed for the generation of photocurrent in photogalvanic cell. Keywords: Rose Bengal; Oxalic acid; Triton; Conversion efficiency; Storage capacity; Photocurrent

Frequency of Glomerular Dysfunction in Children with Beta Thalassaemia Major

Objectives: This study investigated the frequency of glomerular dysfunction in children with beta thalassaemia major (β-TM) by using different markers and correlating them with serum ferritin and iron chelation therapy. Methods: The study, carried out between August 2011 and May 2012, included 100 patients with β-TM, in two groups. Group Ia (n = 62) received chelation therapy (deferoxamine). Group Ib (n = 38) received followup care at the Pediatric Hematology Outpatient Clinic, Minia University Children’s Hospital, Egypt. Group II included 50 apparently healthy controls, age- and sex-matched to Group I. All patients underwent a thorough history-taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Results: Compared to Group II, Groups Ia and Ib had significantly higher levels of cystatin C, serum creatinine and serum ferritin, and a higher albumin/ creatinine ratio in their urine, and a significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance (P <0.05). Moreover, Group Ιa had a significantly lower eGFR and creatinine clearance than Group Ib. Cystatin C had a highly significant strong negative correlation with eGFR and creatinine clearance and a significantly strong positive correlation with serum ferritin, and a higher sensitivity and specificity than serum creatinine and creatinine clearance for small changes in GFR. Conclusion: β-TM patients had a high frequency of glomerular dysfunction—possibly attributable to chronic anaemia, iron overload or chelation therapy. Periodic renal assessment is mandatory to detect renal complications. Cystatin C is a promising marker to monitor glomerular dysfunction, having a higher sensitivity and specificity than serum creatinine and creatinine clearance for small changes in GFR

Comparative performance of optical amplifiers: Raman and EDFA

The in-line optical signal amplification is often used in optical communication systems to accomplish longer transmission distances and larger capacity. In this proposed paper, the operation of two types of optical amplifiers for 16×10 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing system had been examined by changing transmission distance from 10 to 200 km with a dispersion equals to 16.75 ps/nm/km. The analysis and design of such systems ordinarily includes many signal channels, nonlinear devices, several topologies with many noise sources, is extremely complex and effort-exhaustive. Therefore, theoretical studies with simulation CAD software of systems are become necessity to predict and optimize system performance. The comparison between EDFA and Raman has already explored by many researchers in varying ways in this work and to achieve obove objectives, the OptiSystem software was used to design the proposed fiber optic communications system and to simulate results. Performance for the present system was evaluated for parameters like bit error rate (BER), quality factor (QF), total gain with eye opening factor. It was saw that EDFA provides better results, in the maximal transmission distance 64% better than Raman amplifier, 57.5% for gain and 26.7% for maximum quality factor. As a future study a hybrid amplifier can produce better quality of amplification

Preparation and Histological Study of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Bone Graft in Management of Class II Furcation Defects in Dogs

BACKGROUND: The main target of periodontal disease and alveolar bone defeat treatment is the regeneration of the lost structures. AIM: This work deals with the evaluation of the effect of functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as grafting material in the management of furcation defects created in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Potential cytotoxicity of the grafting material was assessed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis after incubation of the grafting material in simulated body fluid (SBF) at pH 7.4 and 37°C for one week was done. In six healthy mongrel dogs' full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were raised on the buccal aspects to create two walls intrabony defects at the furcation areas. The mandibular premolar area received the grafting material. Histological evaluation was carried out at 1, 2- and 3-months’ period. RESULTS: Cytotoxicity results proved the safety of grafting material application. The prepared material exhibited good Ca-apatite crystal patterns at the surface revealed by SEM and high calcium content showed by EDX results. Good bone formation ability was also apparent histologically. CONCLUSION: The prepared grafting material (MWCNTs) can serve as a delivery vehicle for osteogenic cells and osteogenic growth factor proteins in the bone development process

The impact of human resource management practices in innovation culture Case Study: Bank of Palestine in Gaza strip

The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of correlation between HRM practices and innovation culture and the degree of the impact of each HRM practice on the innovation culture. Data of this study are obtained from Bank Of Palestine (BoP), triangulation mixed method is used in this study, by using quantitative and qualitative analysis in order to get three points upon the factors being studied through questionnaires distributed to BoPs' employees in different branches in Gaza strip, and interview with the HR manager of BoP and a focus group with BoP's HR team. The results of this study concluded that there is a correlation between HRM practices and innovation culture. The HRM practices, which include staffing process, compensation, employee and labor relations, training and development, safety and health and communication, and participation, should be implemented in a holistic system and not in isolation in order to best stimulate innovation culture. The study recommended the pre-evaluation tests should be changed to better measure employees' creativity, flexibility and ability to take risks which all lead to a better innovation culture

Estudio del manuscrito Lawāmi‘ al-anwār al-qulūb de Šaydala (s. XII): el autor, la metodología y las estrategias de investigación

This study analyzes the manuscript Lawāmi‘ al-anwār al-qulūb fī jawāmi‘ asrār al-muḥibb wa-l-maḥbūb (The brilliance of the lights of hearts in the series of secrets known by the lover and the beloved), by the jurist shafi‘ī Abū l-Ma‘ālī ‘Azīzī b. ‘Abd al- Malik b. Manṣūr al-Jīlī, known as Shaydhala (12th century). The manuscript is of an un- published work of ten chapters that must be classified alongside the Sufism books of me- dieval Arabic literature. After studying the work's internal structure, author and context, attention is given to the language, terminology, themes and the elements characteristic of this literary genre, the purpose of which was to describe divine love. Among other ques- tions, the paper reaches the conclusion that this manuscript represents yet another link in the series of books in Sufi literature that point to the refinement, enjoyment, sociability, enlightenment and convergence between man and his creator.Este estudio se centra en el análisis del manuscrito Lawāmi‘ al-anwār al-qulūb fī ŷawāmi‘ asrār al-muḥibb wa-l-maḥbūb (El brillo de las luces de los corazones en en el conjunto de los secretos del amante y el amado), del jurista šafi‘ī Abū l-Ma‘ālī ‘Azīzī b. ‘Abd al-Malik b. Manṣūr al-Ŷīlī, conocido como Šaydala (s. XII). Se trata de una obra inédita, de diez capítulos, que debe ser clasificada entre los libros de sufismo de la literatu- ra árabe medieval. Tras estudiar la estructura interna del manuscrito, al autor y su contexto, este trabajo se centra principalmente en el lenguaje, la terminología, los temas y los ele- mentos característicos de este tipo de género literario destinado a describir el amor divino. Entre otras cuestiones, se llega a la conclusión de que este manuscrito constituye un esla- bón más de la serie de libros de literatura sufí que apuntan al refinamiento, disfrute, sociabilidad, iluminación y convergencia entre el hombre y su creador

Sex Differences in Spatial Accuracy Relate to the Neural Activation of Antagonistic Muscles in Young Adults

Sex is an important physiological variable of behavior, but its effect on motor control remains poorly understood. Some evidence suggests that women exhibit greater variability during constant contractions and poorer accuracy during goal-directed tasks. However, it remains unclear whether motor output variability or altered muscle activation impairs accuracy in women. Here, we examine sex differences in endpoint accuracy during ankle goal-directed movements and the activity of the antagonistic muscles. Ten women (23.1 ± 5.1 years) and 10 men (23 ± 3.7 years) aimed to match a target (9° in 180 ms) with ankle dorsiflexion. Participants performed 50 trials and we recorded the endpoint accuracy and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the primary agonist (Tibialis Anterior; TA) and antagonist (Soleus; SOL) muscles. Women exhibited greater spatial inaccuracy (Position error: t = −2.65, P = 0.016) but not temporal inaccuracy relative to men. The motor output variability was similar for the two sexes (P \u3e 0.2). The spatial inaccuracy in women was related to greater variability in the coordination of the antagonistic muscles (R 2 0.19, P = 0.03). These findings suggest that women are spatially less accurate than men during fast goal-directed movements likely due to an altered activation of the antagonistic muscles