10 research outputs found

    Neuropsychological Assessment of First-Year Architecture Students’ Visuospatial Abilities: Overview

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    First-year architecture students are expected to utilise visuospatial abilities to generate/construct, retain, rotate and manipulate space mentally and physically through physical and digital representations. This study of 57 female and 23 male participants was conducted to investigate first-year architecture students’ visuospatial abilities by means of the Beck Depression Inventory, Logical Reasoning Test and Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test. Participants’ sexes, cognitive development level, depression scale scores, university entrance exam results, vision disorders, physical competences, art training prior to university and error types were the study’s main parameters. The results showed that academic scores of the participants both to enrol in the program and complete the first-year studio did not correlate with their JLO scores. Nondepressed participants performed better in JLO. Error analyses demonstrated that there is a concentration on certain items according to the test stimulus line positions, especially in females. Those who reported limited physical and visual competency made more mistakes in the same items. The study concludes that sex, depression, and individual differences in physical and visual competency, and art training, are significant variables for visuospatial performance. Judging visuospatial parameters through spatial design exercises is different from having proper methods and instruments to assess the achievements of the students regarding those abilities in architectural design education. It is important to map students’ visuospatial abilities individually from a developmental perspective. There is a strong need to develop 4D psychometric instrument to assess visuospatial abilities

    A Research On The Visuospatial Skills Of First Year Architecture Students

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    Spatial cognition and skills are of critical importance for architecture. During their education, architecture students are expected to use and develop visuospatial skills to generate/construct, retain, rotate, and manipulate space mentally and physically through physical and digital representations. This study was designed and conducted to fill the gap in researches on the first-year architecture students' spatial skill evaluated by means of neuropsychological tests. The goal of the study was to investigate the potential connections between the first architecture students' visuospatial skills and art training or education prior to the university education. 128 students participated to the research voluntarily. For visuospatial skills Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test was administrated. The findings demonstrated that first year architecture students' performances on neuropsychological tests assessing visuospatial skills were compatible with the norm scores and their cognitive development level. Participants with art training prior to university performed better in RSPM total, and RSPM subtest E. The results supported the previous studies claiming that art training and/or education have a positive impact on spatial cognition and visuospatial skills.Mimarlık eğitimi öğrencilerin görsel-mekânsal becerileri ve yetkinlikleri ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Eğitimleri boyunca öğrencilerden mekânı zihinsel ve fiziksel olarak kurabilmek, düzenleyebilmek, döndürebilmek ve dönüştürebilmek için görsel-mekânsal becerilerini kullanmaları ve geliştirmeleri beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma mimarlık birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin, yükseköğrenim öncesinde aldıkları sanat eğitimi ile görsel-mekânsal becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Görsel-mekânsal beceri düzeyinin belirlenmesi için nöropsikolojik araçlar kullanılmış ve psikometrik değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada genel zekânın en iyi yordayıcıları arasında yer alan nöropsikolojik testlerden Raven Standart İlerlemeli Matrisler Testi (RSİM) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 128 gönüllü öğrenci katılmıştır. Bulgular öğrencilerin nöropsikolojik değerlendirme sonuçlarının norm puanlarla ve bilişsel gelişim seviyeleri ile uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Yükseköğrenim öncesi sanat eğitimi almış katılımcıların RSİM toplam ve RSİM E alttesti sonuçlarının sanat eğitimi almamış öğrencilerden daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Çalışmanın bulguları sanat eğitiminin uzay biliş ve görsel-mekânsal becerilere olumlu katkısını ortaya koyan diğer çalışmaları desteklemektedir

    Towards a Personalized Learning in Basic Design Studio: The Use of Neuropsychological Tests

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    Selected Papers of 6th World Conference on Design and Arts (WCDA-2017)Basic design education was conventionally structured around standardised lesson plans and instructional methods. Although each architectural school considers itself as an ecole, the content and the methods of basic design courses mostly follow a particular layout. The principles or qualities, elements and compositional rules of design constitute the content, whereas the methods can vary according to the instructors. These content and dependent methods consider students as passive receivers, whereas students of basic architectural design course should be active learners, participants and even contributors to the process. Hence, it is of importance to consider the students as individuals with particular skills and learning domains. The characteristics of each student should be depicted. In this way, it could be possible develop personalised learning methods and more active and productive basic design studios. This study aims to present methods of educational psychology, particularly neuropsychological tests as key factors of personalised learning in studios.

    Psikoloji öğrencilerinin Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğuna ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi

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    Since ADHD is a matter of clinical diagnosis, occupational proficiency gains utmost importance on behalf of psychologists. The aim of this research is to determine the knowledge level of students on attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder, who study in different classes of the Psychology Department in Uludağ University. The study is conducted on a total of 151 volunteering students from four different classes in the Psychology Department of Uludağ University. A questionnaire was administered to measure the knowledge level of these students on ADHD, who participated in the research. The points received from the questionnaire that was used to measure the participants’ level of knowledge on ADHD were compared in terms of sex, age and socio-demographic characteristics and no significant differences were found among the groups. The results of the study demonstrate that pschology students’ accumulation of knowledge on ADHD is unsatisfactory.Klinik bir tanı olan Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu’nun farklı alanlardaki görünümlerinin belirlenmesinde psikologların mesleki yeterliliği oldukça önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda, Uludağ Üniversitesi Psikoloji bölümünün farklı sınıflarına devam eden öğrencilerinin DEHB’ye ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Uludağ Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümüne devam eden, 151 gönüllü öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrencilere DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerinin esas alındığı DEHB konusundaki bilgi düzeylerini ölçen bir anket uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerin anket çalışmasından aldıkları puanlar, cinsiyet, yaş ve sosyodemografik özellikleri açısından karşılaştırılmış ve gruplar arası fark anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçları, psikoloji öğrencilerinin DEHB konusundaki bilgi birikimlerinin yetersiz olduğunu göstermektedir

    Summary: clinical use and characterictics of wechsler intelligence scale revised form in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A multicenter study

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    Amaç: Çalışmamızın temel amacı WÇZÖ-R'nirı Türk sağlıklı ve DEHB örneklemlerinde ölçtüğü özellikleri belirlemektir. Diğer amaçlar arasında; DEHB grubunun WÇZÖ-R'nin hangi alt testlerinden düşük puanlar elde ettiğini ortaya koymak; WÇZÖ-R puanları yoluyla DEHB için bir profil elde edilme durumunu belirlemek; katılımcıları DEHB ve sağlıklı gruplara WÇZÖ-R ile sınıflamadaki doğruluk oranını belirlemek yer almaktadır. Yöntem: Klinik örneklemi DSM-IV ölçütlerine göre DEHB tanısı alan, psikiyatri kliniğine ilk kez başvurmuş, bu bozuklukla ilgili hiç ilaç kullanmamış, normal sınırlar içinde zeka bölümüne (ZB: 80-129) sahip, görme ve işitme bozukluğu bulunmayan, 6-12 yaş grubunda 415 erkek olgu oluşturmuştur. Kontrol grubunu ise herhangi bir psikiyatrik tanı almamış, diğer özellikler açısından DEHB grubuyla eşleşmiş 259 katılımcıdan oluşturmuştur. Zekanın ölçülmesinde WÇZÖ-R ve Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testi (RSPM) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Grubun WÇZÖ-R ve RSPM puanları üzerindeki etkisi, yaşın istatistiksel olarak kontrol edildiği çok değişkenli varyarıs analizi ile incelenmiştir. Analizler grup etkisinin anlamlı olduğunu ortaya koymuş, WÇZÖ-R'nin ve RSPM'in tüm puanlarında anlamlı farklar elde edilmiştir. Temel bileşenler analizi kullanılarak sağlıklı çocuklar için elde edilen faktör örüntüsü, WÇZÖ-R'nin yapısıyla uyumlu olarak sözel, performans ve dikkat faktörlerini ayrı ayrı içermiştir. DEHB'li çocuklarda ise bu örüntünün bozulduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma gruplarının WÇZÖ-R alt test puanlarından yordanabilirliği lojistik regreyon analizi uygulanarak incelenmiş ve DEHB grubuna ilişkin yordamalardaki doğruluk oranı % 84.80, sağlıklı katılımcı grubuna ilişkin yordamanın doğruluğu ise % 45.60 olarak bulunmuştur. Analize RSPM puanları dahil edildiğinde yordamadaki doğruluk oranı DEHB grubunda % 84.80 olarak kalmış, sağlıklı katılımcı grubunda oran % 68.20'ye yükselmiştir. Tartışma: Elde edilen sonuçlar DEHB ve sağlıklı katılımcıları ayırt etmede WÇZÖ-R'nin yeterli olmadığını göstermektedir. DEHB'in tanı, tedavi ve izleminde WÇZÖ-R'nin yeni versiyonu olan WISC-IV'ün ne derece bir üstünlük taşıdığını gelecekteki araştırmalar ortaya koyacaktır. Mevcut durumda, WÇZÖ-R'nin ülkemiz çocukları üzerinde standardizasyon çalışması yapılmış olan nöropsikolojik testlerden oluşan bataryalarla birlikte kullanılmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.Objective: The primary purpose was to show the level of accuracy that WISC-R scores provide when classifying participants into the ADHD and the healthy control groups. The others were: to show the validity of WISC-R or the extent to which WISC-R measures those characteristics that the test is designed to measure; to find out the scores of Wechsler Intelligence Scale Revised (WISC-R) where patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show significantly lower performance; to find out whether WISC-R scores allows for a DEHB profile. Method: The clinical sample consisted of 415 male participants in the age range of 6-12 years. Cases were diagnosed as ADHD patients according to DSM-IV criteria, were unmedicatedfirst referrals and did not have uncorrected visual or auditory impairments. Their Intelligence Quotient (IQ: 80-129) was in the normal range. The control group consisted of259 male participants without ant psychiatric diagnoses. The group was similar to the clinical group with respect to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intelligence was measured using WISC-R and Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM). Results: The effect of group (ADHD, healthy control group) on the WISC-R and RSPM scores were examined using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA), where age served as the covariate. Group had significant effects on WISC-R and RSPM scores. Consistent with the structure of WISC-R, Principal Component Analysis obtainedfrom the WISC-R scores of the control group revealed three separate factors, corresponding to verbal IQ, performance IQ and attention. The factor structure obtained by the ADHD group was not as organized. The predictability of group membership from the subtest scores of WISC-R was examined by performing Logistic Regression Analysis. Results showed that while the accuracy of prediction in classifying the ADHD patients was 84.80%, it was 45.60% in classifying the healthy participants. When RSPM scores were included in the analyses, the accuracy of the prediction increased to 68.20 % in the control group whereas there was no change in the accuracy rate for the ADHD group. Discussion: Results obtainedfrom the present study revealed that WISC-R scores do not sufficiently distinguish between the ADHD patients. Future studies will show whether the newer version of WISC-R (WISC-IV) has a stronger discriminative value. As it is, authors recommend the utilization of standardized neuropsychological tests along with WISC-R in the diagnostic procedures pertaining to ADHD

    Effect of Telehealth System on Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

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    A close diabetes team-patient relationship is required for establishing satisfactory metabolic control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a telehealth system on diabetes control

    Prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities in Turkey

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    Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities in patient records obtained from healthcare centers in Turkey. Method: Demographic characteristics and data on cervical cytological abnormalities were evaluated from patients who underwent flap tests in healthcare centers in 2007. Results: Data were collected from 33 healthcare centers totaling 140 334 patients. Overall, the prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities was 1.8%; the prevalence of ASCUS, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, and AGC was 1.07%, 0.07%, 0.3%, 0.17%, and 0.08%, respectively. The prevalence of preinvasive cervical neoplasia was 1.7% and the prevalence of cytologically diagnosed invasive neoplasia was 0.06%. Conclusion: The abnormal cervical cytological prevalence rate in Turkey is lower than in Europe and North America. This might be due to sociocultural differences, lack of population-based screening programs, or a lower HPV prevalence rate in Turkey
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