Morphological and molecular characterisation of Mycosphaerellaceae associated with the invasive weed, Chromolaena odorata

Chromolaena odorata, originating from South and Central America, is a bushy shrub invasive in many tropical and Subtropical regions of the world. Several species of Mycosphaerellaceae have been reported on C. odorata in recent years as potential biological control agents. As a result, several exploratory trips were undertaken to south, north and Central America from 1988 until 1997 to survey for pathogens on C. odorata. Three new species of Passalora, and one species of Septoria and Pseudocercospora, respectively, are newly described. Furthermore, Septoria ekmaniana and Passalora perfoliati were also confirmed from Chromolaena during the Course of this Study

FLOW+RIFT _ New Archaeological Museum at Kato Paphos

Στη συγκεκριμένη διπλωματική εργασία επιχειρείται να δοθεί ένας σχεδιασμός σε ολόκληρο το αρχαιολογικό πάρκο της Κ. Πάφου με τη μορφή στρατηγικού σχεδίου (masterplan) και με βάση αυτό, σχεδιάζεται το Νέο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο για το συγκεκριμένο πάρκο. Η κεντρική συνθετική ιδέα στηρίζεται σε μια εγκάρσια πορεία η οποία έχει αφετηρία την πόλη, διασχίζει το πάρκο και καταλήγει στη θάλασσα με μια απόληξη σε μορφή μπαλκονιού. Πάνω σε αυτή την εγκάρσια πορεία (ροή), τοποθετείται το Νέο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο του χώρου το οποίο ακολουθεί την γραμμικότητα της ροής. Το μουσείο στηρίζεται πάνω σε δύο προδιαγραφές. Η πρώτη είναι ότι πρέπει να ίπταται ώστε να μπορέσει να σεβαστεί οποιαδήποτε καινούρια ευρήματα είναι πιθανόν να βρεθούν κάτω από αυτό. Η δεύτερη έχει να κάνει με τη σχέση του κτιρίου σε σχέση με την κλίμακα της πόλης. Επειδή πρόκειται για ένα πολύ μεγάλο κτίριο, περίπου 6000 τ.μ., εφαρμόζεται η τεχνική της ρηγμάτωσης μέσα στην ροή, εκμεταλλευόμενος την υψομετρική διαφορά που δημιουργεί ένας λόφος ο οποίος βρίσκεται μέσα στο αρχαιολογικό πάρκο. Έτσι το κτίριο ίπταται, αλλά την ίδια ώρα κρύβεται μέσα σε ένα ρήγμα ώστε να μπορεί να συνδιαλέγεται αρμονικά με την πόλη και το αρχαιολογικό πάρκο.The diploma thesis project tries to redesign the archaeological park of Kato Paphos at Cyprus as a masterplan and designs also the New Archaeological Museum for the park, based on the masterplan. The main idea is based on a transverse direction which begins from the town, goes across the park and finishes near to the limits of the sea. The New Archaeological Museum is placed on this transverse path (flow) and follows its linearity. The museum relies on two specifications. The first one is that it must be soaring so it can be able to face cases of new findings under it. The second is the relation of the building comparing to the scale of the building environment of town. The building program requires a huge museum close to 6000 sq.m. In this case it is applied the technique of a rift into the flow, taking advantage of the height difference created by a hill which is located inside the archaeological park. So the same time, the building can "fly" while it can be hidden in a rift and can converse in harmony with the city and the archaeological park.Ανδρέας Γ. Κυριάκο

Which regulatory state? Explaining the stability of the Keynesian state functions after regulatory reforms of network industries in UK and Germany

Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Cercosporella dolichandrae from Dolichandra unguiscati, Seiridium podocarpi from Podocarpus latifolius, Pseudocercospora parapseudarthriae from Pseudarthria hookeri, Neodevriesia coryneliae from Corynelia uberata on leaves of Afrocarpus falcatus, Ramichloridium eucleae from Euclea undulata and Stachybotrys aloeticola from Aloe sp. (South Africa), as novel member of the Stachybotriaceae fam. nov. Several species were also described from Zambia, and these include Chaetomella zambiensis on unknown Fabaceae, Schizoparme pseudogranati from Terminalia stuhlmannii, Diaporthe isoberliniae from Isoberlinia angolensis, Peyronellaea combreti from Combretum mossambiciensis, Zasmidium rothmanniae and Phaeococcomyces rothmanniae from Rothmannia engleriana, Diaporthe vangueriae from Vangueria infausta and Diaporthe parapterocarpi from Pterocarpus brenanii. Novel species from the Netherlands include: Stagonospora trichophoricola, Keissleriella trichophoricola and Dinemasporium trichophoricola from Trichophorum cespitosum, Phaeosphaeria poae, Keissleriella poagena, Phaeosphaeria poagena, Parastagonospora poagena and Pyrenochaetopsis poae from Poa sp., Septoriella oudemansii from Phragmites australis and Dendryphion europaeum from Hedera helix (Germany) and Heracleum sphondylium (the Netherlands). Novel species from Australia include: Anungitea eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus leaf litter, Beltraniopsis neolitseae and Acrodontium neolitseae from Neolitsea australiensis, Beltraniella endiandrae from Endiandra introrsa, Phaeophleospora parsoniae from Parsonia straminea, Penicillifer martinii from Cynodon dactylon, Ochroconis macrozamiae from Macrozamia leaf litter, Triposporium cycadicola, Circinotrichum cycadis, Cladosporium cycadicola and Acrocalymma cycadis from Cycas spp. Furthermore, Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali is described from Dichapetalum rhodesicum (Botswana), Ophiognomonia acadiensis from Picea rubens (Canada), Setophoma vernoniae from Vernonia polyanthes and Penicillium restingae from soil (Brazil), Pseudolachnella guaviyunis from Myrcianthes pungens (Uruguay) and Pseudocercospora neriicola from Nerium oleander (Italy). Novelties from Spain include: Dendryphiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus globulus, Conioscypha minutispora from dead wood, Diplogelasinospora moalensis and Pseudoneurospora canariensis from soil and Inocybe lanatopurpurea from reforested woodland of Pinus spp. Novelties from France include: Kellermania triseptata from Agave angustifolia, Zetiasplozna acaciae from Acacia melanoxylon, Pyrenochaeta pinicola from Pinus sp. and Pseudonectria rusci from Ruscus aculeatus. New species from China include: Dematiocladium celtidicola from Celtis bungeana, Beltrania pseudorhombica, Chaetopsina beijingensis and Toxicocladosporium pini from Pinus spp. and Setophaeosphaeria badalingensis from Hemerocallis fulva. Novel genera of Ascomycetes include Alfaria from Cyperus esculentus (Spain), Rinaldiella from a contaminated human lesion (Georgia), Hyalocladosporiella from Tectona grandis (Brazil), Pseudoacremonium from Saccharum spontaneum and Melnikomyces from leaf litter (Vietnam), Annellosympodiella from Juniperus procera (Ethiopia), Neoceratosperma from Eucalyptus leaves (Thailand), Ramopenidiella from Cycas calcicola (Australia), Cephalotrichiella from air in the Netherlands, Neocamarosporium from Mesembryanthemum sp. and Acervuloseptoria from Ziziphus mucronata (South Africa) and Setophaeosphaeria from Hemerocallis fulva (China). Several novel combinations are also introduced, namely for Phaeosphaeria setosa as Setophaeosphaeria setosa, Phoma heteroderae as Peyronellaea heteroderae and Phyllosticta maydis as Peyronellaea maydis. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa

Diversity of saprobic microfungi

The data needed to derive an accurate estimate of saprobic microfungi are insufficient, incomplete and contradictory. We therefore address issues that will ultimately reveal whether there are 1.5 million global fungal species, which is the generally accepted working estimate. Our data indicates that large numbers of fungi occur on host families, such as Musaceae, host genera such as Nothofagus and individual host species such as Eucalyptus globulus, and that fungi may be specific or recurrent on different plant groups. Recent studies have shown that fungal numbers on hosts may be larger than originally thought as saprobes are organ-specific/-recurrent and changes in fungal communities occur as substrata decays. Other issues, such as the impact of geography, of methodology and of taxonomy are also addressed. There is evidence that fungi on the same host at different locations also differs; site-specific factors and geographic distance may be more important than host/substrate in shaping fungal assemblages. Methodology impacts on estimates of species diversity with many more taxa observed using indirect isolation protocols as compared to direct isolations from leaves. Our understanding of fungal species numbers in speciose genera is important. In some fungal groups accepted species have been reduced to a few species, while in other groups many cryptic species are being uncovered. While we make a number of generalisations from the studies reported here, this review also highlights some of the limitations mycologists currently have to contend with. A large body of knowledge exists for certain groups of microfungi or for microfungi occurring on certain substrata/hosts. However, it is likely that we are drawing conclusions from data that are somewhat biased toward fungi and host/substrata that are of interest to human endeavours. The discrepancy between the numbers of fungi described from only one economically important genus, Eucalyptus, and all the other members of the Myrtaceae is but one example of this bias. By incorporating the large body of work that is already available and adding appropriate complementary studies, we can accelerate our understanding of microfungal diversity and this will eventually lead us to a realistic estimate of global fungal species numbers.